RU2503869C1 - Pneumatic valve - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic valve includes a body, and a seat with a valve. Sealing surface of the seat is located on the side opposite to an inlet nozzle. Valve is installed so that it is borne against a two-arm lever. One arm of the above two-arm lever is hinged to a spring-loaded stock, and the other one is fixed with a hammer catch when the valve is in closed position. The hammer catch is fixed on the pneumatic valve body and fixed with a lock pin. Besides, the hammer catch is installed so that it can contact the stock of a pyro actuator fixed on the pneumatic valve body. The above pyro actuator consists of a cylinder with a plug, two in-series installed pistons that form two disengaged working cavities. Each of the above cavities is interconnected with a separate chamber equipped with a pyrotechnic cartridge. At actuation of pyrotechnic cartridges of any or both chambers the piston of the pyrotechnic cartridge interacts with the hammer catch.

EFFECT: implementation of the invention allows providing its multiple use, quick action that is numbered into several thousandths of a second and sufficient flow cross-section.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in gas supply systems, including equipment for space rocket complexes.

From publicly available information sources, a large number of pneumatic valves are known that provide remote opening of pneumatic lines for the delivery of compressed gases to the consumer.

The main characteristics of such pneumatic valves are the operating pressure, the flow area and the response time from the moment the command to open the pneumatic valve is issued until it is completely opened. When using pneumatic valves in systems and assemblies of space-rocket complexes, the response time of the pneumatic valve is often a priority characteristic due to the presence of fast-moving processes during rocket launch.

Known valves made on the basis of explosive devices, which are described, for example, in the book "Gas Supply Systems and Pneumatic Automation Devices for Rocket and Space Complexes" (Yu.L. Arzumanov, R.A. Petrov, EM Khalatov, Moscow, " Mechanical Engineering ”1997, UDC 624.074, p. 133). Such valves, as a rule, consist of a casing, a membrane separating the inlet and outlet cavities of the valve, a rod connected to the membrane, a piston screwed onto the rod, the piston bottom facing the chamber into which the squib is mounted. The piston has a conical surface, which, when the valve is activated, is in contact with the housing surface in the valve body, thereby preventing the ingress of powder gases into the gas cavity of the valve.

The described valves provide full opening in a time of about 0.008 s with a sufficiently large bore (L _at 10 mm or more).

However, this valve has the following disadvantages:

1. The valve provides one actuation, after which it is disposed of, or a new valve is manufactured using the parts of the exhaust valve.

2. Reliability of the valve is insufficient due to the installation of one squib. To increase reliability, in practice, a second valve is installed parallel to the main valve. It is possible to install two squibs into the chamber, but this option is not used in valves, because in this case, it is necessary to install a special buffer that ensures valve actuation from one squib and suppression of excess energy when two squibs operate.

Free from these drawbacks is the AE-044 electro-pneumatic valve (prototype) ("Electro-pneumatic automation fittings. Catalog", Center for Scientific and Technical Information "Search" Moscow, 1971, p. 150).

An electropneumatic valve consists of a body, a spring-loaded valve mounted on the inlet fitting side, a seat in contact with the valve, and an electromagnet whose armature interacts with the valve, displacing it from the seat, thereby freeing the passage of compressed gas supplied to the inlet fitting.

The electro-pneumatic valve provides multiple opening of the valve and a rather short response time, about 0.03 s.

The disadvantages of this electro-pneumatic valve is a small bore (L _at 0.5 mm). To increase the bore, it is necessary to increase the power of the electromagnet, as when opening the valve, it is necessary to overcome the force of the spring, pressing the valve to the seat, and the force from the compressed gas supplied to the inlet, equal to the pressure multiplied by the area of the seat.

Given the features of electromagnets, their use in high-speed valves with a large flow area is limited, because a further increase in the bore leads to the need for powerful electromagnets with unacceptable dimensions and current consumption, which grow in proportion to the area of the bore of the valve.

The objective of the present invention is to provide multiple use of a pneumatic valve with high speed with a large flow area (not less than D _at 10 mm).

In accordance with the invention, the task is achieved by the fact that in the claimed pneumatic valve the sealing surface of the seat is located on the side opposite to the inlet fitting, the valve is a support for the two shoulders lever, one shoulder of which is pivotally connected to the spring-loaded rod, and the other, in the closed position of the valve, is fixed by a sear, pivotally mounted on the pneumatic valve body and locked by a check, while the sear was installed with the possibility of contact with the pyrodrive rod mounted on the pneumatic valve body Pan and consisting of a cylinder with a plug, two pistons mounted in series, that form two disparate work chambers each of which communicates with a separate chamber equipped with a pyrotechnical, wherein when triggered either or both squibs Camore piston piroprivoda interacts with the sear.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of a pneumatic valve, and figure 2 - its section.

The inventive pneumatic valve consists of a housing 1 with inlet and outlet fittings, a guide 2 is mounted coaxially with the inlet fitting inside the housing, in which the valve 3 interacting with the seat moves.

A spring unit consisting of a cylinder 4, a spring 5, a washer 6, and a nut 7 that holds the spring in a pressed state is attached to the housing 1. A rod 8 is placed in the hole of the cylinder 4, on which a nut 9 is screwed, and the second end of the rod is made in the form of an eye connected by an axis 10 with a two-arm lever 11, the short end of the lever 11 is fixed with a sear 12, rotating on the axis 13.

The lever 11 through the adjustable stop 14 interacts with the valve 3 and the spring 5, pressed by the nut 9, presses the valve against the seat with a force that ensures the tightness of the pair of valve seat.

The opening of the pneumatic valve is carried out by a pyrodrive 15, which is quick-detachable and is attached to the pneumatic valve body by two captive bolts.

The pyrodrive consists of a cylinder 16 with a plug 17 held by a nut 18, a rear piston 19, a front piston 20. The front piston 20 has a cylindrical rod interacting with a sear 12. A nut 22 is attached to the cylinder 22 with a buffer 23 made, for example, of aluminum , in the form of one and a half.

Between the piston 19 and the plug 17 and the pistons 19 and 20, two working cavities isolated from each other are formed, connected by channels to the chambers into which the squibs 24 are screwed.

To close the pneumatic valve, it is necessary to unscrew the nut 9, excluding its contact with the washer 6, thereby the spring 5 is disconnected. Then, press lever 11 on valve 3 to the seat and secure the lever with sear 12.

To seal the saddle-valve pair, it is necessary to press the spring 5 by screwing the nut 9 onto the rod 8, then install the pyrodrive 15 on the pneumatic valve body. The valve is closed and ready for operation.

The valve is opened by supplying electric current to the spirals of the igniter 24, charges are burnt and the powder gases from the chamber enter the working cavities or into one of the cavities, if only one igniter is triggered. Further, the piston 20 in any case pushes the sear 12, releasing the lever 11, and under the action of the compressed gas supplied to the inlet of the pneumatic valve, the pneumatic valve opens. To bring the pneumatic valve into a working closed state, it is necessary to close it, as described above, disassemble the pyrodrive, remove the combustion products of the powder charges, assemble and put it in place.

The technical solutions incorporated in the design of the inventive pneumatic valve provide its multiple use, speed, calculated in several thousandths of a second, and a sufficient flow area.

In accordance with the claimed invention, two pneumatic valves are currently developed and manufactured, which were tested at temperatures of ± 40 ° C, as a result, with a cross-section D _of 12 mm, the time of complete opening of the valve from the moment of supply of electric current to the squibs did not exceed 0.008 s.

Thus, the tests carried out at the factory confirmed the effectiveness and the possibility of obtaining, when implementing the invention, the aforementioned technical result.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic valve comprising a housing, a seat with a valve, characterized in that the sealing surface of the seat is located on the side opposite to the inlet fitting, the valve is mounted on a two-arm lever, one arm of which is pivotally connected to a spring-loaded stem, and the other in the closed position of the valve is fixed with a sear, pivotally mounted on the pneumatic valve body and secured by a pin, while the sear was installed with the possibility of contact with the pyrodrive rod, mounted on the pneumatic valve body and consisting of cyl ndra plug with two serially mounted pistons which form two disparate work chambers each of which communicates with a separate chamber equipped with a pyrotechnical, wherein when triggered either or both squibs Camore piroprivoda piston interacts with the sear.

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