RU2503836C1 - Four-cylinder plunger-free engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: four-cylinder plunger-free engine comprises two engine housings and four cylinders. Opposed piston sets are fitted there inside. Besides, said engine comprises common intake manifold, individual intake manifolds, common exhaust gas manifold, individual exhaust manifolds, spark plugs and control system with control unit. In compliance with this invention, every fuel atomiser is arranged in common intake manifold. Said piston sets are configured to integral unit with two ends and cylindrical body wherein radially mounted are permanent magnets. Common excitation winding is fitted outside engine housings. Control system comprises control unit, pressure control gages and piston position transducers, all being mounted at all cylinders. Note here that control unit is connected with pressure gages and spark plugs.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power plants and can be used in the automotive industry, heavy machinery and small energy, in particular in the form of auxiliary engines of transport mechanisms in mobile or portable power plants, electric welding units, etc. The four-cylinder engine is considered to be the most optimal in engine building.

Famous free piston engine according to A. St. USSR A.S. 985365 USSR, MKI 5 F02B 71/04. publ. 12.30.82, containing a diesel internal combustion engine, a linear generator and a fuel supply system. The engine is a cylinder with end combustion chambers, in the area of which there are intake and exhaust valves. Inside the cylinder there are pistons connected by a jumper (rod).

The generator consists of a stator, an armature and systems with load-lifting excitations. The stator is made in the form of stator windings and field windings. These windings are mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder. The anchor is made in the form of current collector and field windings, which are laid inside the pistons and connected to each other in series. The excitation system is made in the form of connecting excitation terminals, and the load shedding system is made in the form of load shedding terminals.

The fuel supply system is a nozzle located in the end parts of the cylinder and designed to supply fuel to the combustion chamber.

The energy conversion process is divided into two main cycles: the first cycle is the conversion of energy from the chemical energy of the fuel into the mechanical energy of the movement of the pistons, and the second - the mechanical energy of the movement of the pistons is converted into electrical energy. The first cycle is the workflow of a two-stroke diesel engine, and the second, in turn, is divided into two stages. At the first stage, by crossing the winding of the first piston of the magnetic field created by the first stator winding (field winding), a magnetic field is excited in the first piston. At the second stage, the formation and removal of electricity occurs, and the winding of the first piston plays the role of the field winding for the second piston.

Using the principle of electromagnets in both parts of the linear generator allows you to get a high power magnetic field, and, as a result, minimize the size of the installation.

However, the known device has the following disadvantages. When the device is operating, the movement of one piston is used to excite a magnetic field in another. This leads to the loss of the working process of the first piston to produce energy for current collection. Incomplete use of a two-stroke diesel engine workflow to generate energy for current collection is the cause of low efficiency. In addition, from overheating of the windings to a temperature of 500-600 ° C, their magnetic properties are reduced, which also reduces the efficiency of the motor.

Known free piston engine according to A. St. USSR No. 1733650 of the USSR, MKI 5 F02B 71/04, publ. 05/15/92 g, consisting of a diesel internal combustion engine, a linear generator, a fuel supply system and a cooling system.

This engine comprises a cylinder with exhaust valves in the end parts of the engine and a purge window in the central part of the engine. Inside the sleeve is a piston with a rod.

The generator consists of a stator, an armature, an excitation system and a load lifting system. The stator is made in the form of windings mounted on the outer surface of the cylinder. An anchor is a winding laid inside a piston. The excitation system is made of brushes and excitation wires. Brushes are located inside the piston. They are the first part of the sliding contact of the excitation system with the armature winding. The second part of the sliding contact is the excitation current receiving plate located on the armature winding. The plate is connected to the terminals of the armature winding. The excitation supply wires are located in the stock.

The fuel supply system includes two nozzles located in the opposed parts of the cylinder. The cooling system consists of two water nozzles, also located in the opposite parts of the cylinder.

The energy conversion is carried out in the same way as in the above engine and consists of two cycles: the first cycle is the conversion of energy from the chemical energy of the fuel into the mechanical energy of the movement of the pistons, the second - the mechanical energy of the movement of the pistons is converted into electrical energy. The first cycle is a two-stroke diesel engine workflow. The second cycle, unlike the above engine, consists of one stage and represents the working process of a linear generator with direct excitation. The exception of one stage is achieved thanks to the direct excitation system, the wires of which pass through the rod.

The principle of operation of the cooling system is that when a certain temperature of the exhaust gases is reached (600-800 ° C) through a special water nozzle, a coolant is fed into the combustion chamber, which, evaporating and mixing with the exhaust gases, forms a cooling medium that cools the combustion chamber . The cooling system reduces the temperature of the exhaust gases to 100-200 ° C. But the temperature of the cooled exhaust gases is still lower than the temperature of the piston and armature winding, because first, the exhaust gases are cooled, and then they remove the excess heat from the piston and winding. Because of this, the temperature of the piston and windings decreases only to 250-300 ° C.

The advantage of this engine is an increase in efficiency due to the full use of the working process of a two-stroke engine for the production of electricity for current collection. In addition, the efficiency is increased by reducing the magnetic field loss due to a decrease in the temperature of the windings (in particular the armature windings).

However, the known device has the following disadvantages. The lack of direct contact of the cooling medium with the armature winding located inside the piston leads to insufficient cooling of the winding. The temperature of the winding is reduced only to 250-300 ° C. In this case, the loss of the electromagnetic field on copper windings is 50% greater than the loss of the electromagnetic field at a temperature of 20 ° C.

In addition, the supply of coolant to the combustion chamber leads to sharp changes in temperature, and, as a result, to fluctuations in the magnetic field and the strength of the generated current, which also affects the reduction of efficiency.

Known free piston engine according to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2186231, IPC F02B 71/04, publ. 02/27/2002, the prototype.

This engine contains a diesel internal combustion engine _ made of a cylinder with nozzles, inside which a piston with a rod is located, a linear generator made of stator windings located on the cylinder, from an armature winding located on the piston and in contact with an excitation system consisting of brushes with wires for supplying excitation, a load-lifting system and a cooling system, two additional shut-off rings of the cooling system fixed to the stem are additionally introduced into it, and cooling tubes are connected e with an internal piston chamber, while the armature winding is located on the piston rod, each cut-off ring is installed between the winding and the end parts of the piston, and the brushes are installed in the cylinder body.

Disadvantages: low efficiency due to the lack of a system for timely opening and closing of valves and low reliability due to the use of windings and current collectors in explosive atmospheres: oil and fuel vapors. In addition, the GTE launch system has been developed.

The challenge facing the inventors was to develop a free-piston engine with high efficiency and engine reliability.

The solution to these problems was achieved in a four-cylinder free-piston engine containing two engine bodies, four cylinders, inside of which opposed piston groups, spark plugs, a common intake manifold, individual intake manifolds, a common exhaust manifold, individual exhaust manifolds, nozzle, spark plugs and a control system with a control unit, in accordance with the invention that a fuel injector is installed in a common intake manifold, piston groups are made in the form of a single unit with two ends and a cylindrical body in which the permanent magnets are radially mounted, a common field winding is installed outside the motor bodies. The control system includes a control unit and pressure sensors installed on all cylinders, while the control unit for electrical communications is connected to pressure sensors and spark plugs. The control system may include a control unit and piston position sensors mounted on all cylinders, while the electrical communications control unit is connected to piston position sensors.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 ... 4. Where:

- figure 1 presents a diagram of the engine,

- figure 2 shows a diagram of one block,

- figure 3 shows a section aa,

- figure 4 shows the cylinder in section.

Free piston engine (figure 4) contains two blocks 1 each of which contains the engine casing 2, two opposed cylinders 3 and piston group 4. Moreover, the piston group 4 is made in the form of a single unit with two ends 5 and 6 and a cylindrical hollow body 7 in the middle part of which there are radially mounted permanent magnets 8.

The motor housing 2 is made with the formation of a gap 9 between it and the cylindrical housing 7 and magnetically transparent (titanium, stainless steel, polymer, composite material). The motor housing 2 is connected to the cylinders 3 by the flanges 10. and outside the engine housings 2 there is a common field winding 11. The field winding 11 and the permanent magnets 8 form a linear electric generator. The cavity 12 inside the cylindrical body 7 is connected by an opening 13 with a gap 9 between the bodies 2 and 7. (FIGS. 2 and 3). On both sides of the piston group 4 has compression and oil ring, respectively 14 and 15.

In addition, the engine comprises a common intake manifold 16 and individual intake manifolds 17, as well as a common exhaust manifold 18 and individual exhaust manifolds 19. A fuel injector 20 is installed in the common intake manifold 16. Intake valves 21 with an actuator 22 are installed in all individual intake manifolds 17. . In the individual exhaust manifolds 19 are installed controlled exhaust valves 23 with actuators 24. In each cylinder 3 there is an electric candle 25.

The engine may comprise a control unit 26, and a pressure sensor 27 is installed in each cylinder 3 and is connected by electrical connection 28 to the control unit 26. The engine may include a piston position sensor 29.

The common field winding 11 is connected by electrical wires 30 to a switch 31. Switch 31 by electrical wires 30 is connected to a battery 32 and an electric motor 33.

On the motor housing 2, a filling hole 34 is made, connected to a wire 35 containing a crane 36 and an oil tank 37. (Fig. 2).

The engine fuel system comprises a fuel tank 38. to which a fuel line 39 is connected, comprising a fuel pump 40 connected to a fuel injector 20.

The cylinders 3 can be equipped with ribs 41 for air cooling, (Fig 4).

The operation of the free piston engine (figure 1 ... 4) is as follows.

To start the engine, the voltage from the battery 32 is supplied through the switch 31 to a common field winding 11. In this case, the linear generator operates as a motor. At the same time, the control unit 26 includes a fuel pump 40 and fuel from the fuel tank 38 is supplied to the nozzles 20. Then, the inlet valve 21 of one of the cylinders 3 is opened by supplying a signal from the control unit 26 to the drive. The 22nd air-fuel mixture enters the cavity of one of the cylinders 3 When the free piston engine (Fig. 1 ... 4), each stroke of the piston group 4 is a working stroke for one of the cylinders 3, while for the opposite part this stroke is a compression process. Upon reaching the required degree of compression fixed by the pressure sensor 27, the block and / or the position sensor of the piston 29 of the control 26 supplies voltage to the electric candle 25. The piston group 4 makes a working stroke. Then open the exhaust valve 23 by command from the control unit 26 to the actuator 24. An exhaust occurs.

Then a similar cycle is repeated in another cylinder 3.

The temperature of the piston group 4, due to its contact with hot exhaust gases, will be at the maximum mode no more than 500-600 ° C.

When the engine stops, the linear generator switches back to engine mode and the fuel supply is turned off (not shown). In this case, in order to counter the movement of the piston, the stop current supplied to the linear generator can provide movement of the piston group 4 in the direction opposite to the actual direction of movement of the piston group 4 for emergency braking.

Because during the operation of the free piston engine, the temperature in the field winding 11 of the linear electric generator, which is located outside the cylinders 3, is approximately +10 - + 20 ° C, then the magnetic field loss in the copper windings for heating is reduced, compared to the magnetic field losses in the prototype, 30-50%. Reducing losses leads to increased efficiency of the free piston engine. The absence of current collectors leads to increased fire safety, and the absence of windings in the high temperature zone increases the reliability of the engine.

A reliable lubrication system allows you to increase the life of the engine before overhaul, reduce wear of the rubbing parts and prevent overheating.

The electronic control system allows you to fully automate the process of ignition and opening and closing the drain and exhaust valves and adjust their opening and closing, depending on the engine operating mode.

The environmental performance of the engine improves, since the vehicle in densely populated areas can move with the free-piston engine off on the battery.

The use of pressure sensors and piston positions on both cylinders allows not only to timely open and close the intake and exhaust valves and apply voltage to electric candles, but also to control the emergency situation and, if necessary, automatically turn off the engine.

To expand the range of production of engines with one or two or more blocks.

Claims (3)

1. A four-cylinder free-piston engine containing two engine housings, four cylinders, inside of which are opposed piston groups, spark plugs, a common intake manifold, individual input manifolds, a common exhaust manifold, individual exhaust manifolds, spark plugs, a nozzle and a control system with a control unit characterized in that the piston groups are made in the form of a single unit with two ends and a cylindrical body in which permanent magnets are radially mounted, outside to engine outlets installed a common field winding. 2. The free piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system includes a control unit and pressure sensors installed on all cylinders, while the control unit for electrical connections is connected to pressure sensors and spark plugs. 3. The free piston engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control system comprises a control unit and piston position sensors mounted on all cylinders, while the electrical control unit is connected to the piston position sensors.

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