RU2501505C2 - Device and method for accurate application of cosmetics - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to automated methods of selective and accurate application of one or more modifiers of reflecting ability, such as pigment or dye on the human skin. The object of the invention is to create a device by which the accurate application of transparent dyes is carried out, preserving the natural characteristics with high spatial frequency. One or more modifiers of reflecting ability (MRA), such as pigmented cosmetic, is applied selectively and accurately using a controlled spray on the human skin in accordance with the local reflecting ability of skin or the characteristic signs of texture. In one version, the digital control is used based on analysis of the image obtained by the video camera. In another version, the calibrated scanner is used, comprising a plurality of LEDs and the photodiode detectors to adjust the readings of reflecting ability to take into account the distance of the device to the skin and its orientation relative to the skin. The ranges of the required application parameters of MRA for MRA with high luminosity which is selectively applied on special features with the average spatial frequency, with low opacity or low density of application differ significantly from conventional cosmetic practice.

EFFECT: creation of the device is achieved through which the accurate application of transparent dyes is carried out, preserving the natural characteristics with high spatial frequency.

19 cl, 42 dwg

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is associated with provisional application for US patent No. 60/940548 "Device and method for the accurate application of cosmetics", registered May 29, 2007, and claims priority on the date of registration of this provisional application.

This patent application is associated with the following documents:

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944526, registered June 18, 2007;

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944527, registered June 18, 2007;

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944528, registered June 18, 2007;

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944529, registered June 18, 2007;

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944531, registered June 18, 2007; and

- provisional application for US patent No. 60/944532, registered June 18, 2007

This patent application includes, by reference, the description, drawings and claims of US patent application No. 11/503806 "System and method for applying a reflectivity modifier to improve the visual attractiveness of human skin", registered August 14, 2006, which claims The priority date of provisional patent application US No. 60/708118; WO 07022095A relates to U.S. Patent Application No. 11/503806.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This invention relates to automated methods for selectively and accurately applying one or more Reflectance Modifiers (RMAs), such as pigment or dye, to human skin in order to improve its visual attractiveness.

BACKGROUND

US Patent Application No. 11/503806 provides a general system and method for applying reflectivity modifiers (RMAs) based on digital control and using droplet emission control technologies such as inkjet printing. One aspect of this earlier application is that amazing aesthetic results can be achieved by selectively applying very small amounts of RMA.

In one of the embodiments described in this application, using an inkjet printing device, transparent colorants were accurately applied in such a way as to preserve natural features (features) with a high spatial frequency, but mask less desirable features (features) with an average spatial frequency. This option included a scanning and overlay device that knew its position with respect to the face or the treated part of the body. In addition to camouflage or transformation of specific skin attributes, the mentioned option made it possible to use color to provide a visible modification of the skin area, for example, to give the cheeks a more round or less complete appearance. Another implementation option described in this earlier application included a smoothing mode in which it was not necessary to know the position.

In this invention, the idea of obtaining surprising and pleasant results by selectively applying reflectivity modifiers has been expanded to describe various blending techniques, blending ranges of pigmented reflectivity modifiers, and--various selective blending devices, including spraying devices that do not have droplet emission control. These pigmented reflectivity modifiers may be similar to traditional cosmetic chemical compounds, or may be specially selected highly differentiated in accordance with the desired skin luminosity. These devices can be used to treat a relatively large area of the skin, for example, a face, hands or feet, or these devices can be used to selectively process only one or more skin features of interest to the user, without moving the scanning or applying element over other areas of the skin.

Currently proposed the application of cosmetics using inkjet printing or computer control, see, for example, US patent No. 6312124 issued by Desormeaux, application for US patent No. 2004/0078278, registered in the name Dauga. However, these documents suggest the adaptation of computers or inkjet printers to commonly used tattooing or makeup techniques. It makes little sense to adapt digital technology to applying cosmetics, since there is no good reason to replace digital fingers and cosmetic pencils, which have been used for applying cosmetic substances for centuries. This invention proposes a new cosmetic method, the method of using a significantly smaller amount of cosmetic products with high selectivity and accuracy.

There is a need for a method and apparatus for improving appearance by selectively applying small amounts of a cosmetic product to an area of the skin. There is a need to support diluted application techniques, as a result of which large parts of the skin area retain their natural appearance. In addition to a more natural appearance, diluted application gives a feeling of significantly greater lightness compared to traditional cosmetics, and also allows the use of formulations and chemical compounds, for example, providing higher durability, which would probably be impractical with traditional cosmetics.

Known technologies for changing the appearance of the skin include natural tanning, artificial tanning and special application of cosmetics. Each of these known technologies has limitations.

As a rule, the application of cosmetic substances to the skin is for the most part carried out manually, for example, using brushes, tubes, pencils, pads and fingers. These methods make the application of cosmetics inaccurate, time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes harmful when compared with the technologies proposed by the present invention.

With accurate application of reflectivity modifiers, a significantly lower amount of this agent can be used compared to traditional cosmetics. In the present invention, a small amount of RMA may be applied to certain areas, while other areas may remain without KMA. This combination of less RMA and uneven coverage allows for a more natural appearance.

Manual methods for applying cosmetics are inaccurate compared to computer-based technologies, and this inaccuracy may make them less effective. For example, applying a large amount of foundation makeup foundation can lead to the appearance of an unattractive “peel”.

There is a need for selectively and accurately applying reflectivity modifiers (RMA) in order to provide a more effective, more automated, faster and less costly change in the appearance of the skin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made to meet these and other needs. The present invention is further described by way of example and without imposing any restrictions.

An object of the present invention is to provide a device and method based on software for computer-aided application using digital technology of reflectivity modifiers using, in addition to technical means for controlling droplet emission, also other means, for example, using spraying means.

Another object of the present invention is to propose improved technologies for application devices with droplet emission control, as well as to use devices with droplet emission control in combination with application devices without. droplet emission control.

The next objective of the present invention is to provide a digital brush-eraser, which the user can move back and forth, like a regular eraser, over a skin area or other element of the human body to scan this area and quickly apply one or more reflectivity modifiers in accordance with the recognized attributes (characteristic features) of the skin.

These and other tasks, distinguishing features and advantages are realized in accordance with the device and method proposed by the present invention. A device typically comprises at least one application element that is controlled by a processor that processes data received from a plurality of lighting means, also called light sources, and one or more sensors for detecting light reflected from the skin surface. In one embodiment of the present invention, said plurality of light sources are turned on simultaneously to provide uniform illumination of a skin region so that reflectance can be correctly measured under illumination, which is sufficient to enable the use of a polarizing filter. Although these goals can be achieved using a single light source, such as a ring light, the use of multiple LEDs provides additional flexibility to organize the work of light sources in a sequential order to provide different lighting conditions to obtain data on the skin topology. The use of multiple LEDs also makes it possible to pair one or more LEDs with one or more photodiodes in another embodiment of the present invention. The sensor may be any element that is sensitive to the amount of reflected light with one or more wavelengths, and typically represents one or more video cameras, or several photodiodes or phototransistors.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a digital eraser brush typically comprises a plurality of sensors, such as photodiodes, and a plurality of lighting means, such as LEDs. As a rule, there are many pairs of light sources and sensors, where each pair provides information that can be used to determine one or more of the following: the angles of the device relative to the skin, the distance of the device from the skin, or the local reflectivity of the skin.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the digital eraser brush comprises at least one video camera and a plurality of lighting means, such as LEDs. Images are used to determine the distance of the device from the skin and the slope relative to it, as well as to correctly determine the local reflectivity of the skin. This information is then used to control one or more applying elements to selectively apply one or more reflectivity modifiers to the skin.

The software identifies the scanned attributes (characteristic features) of a skin site or other feature and initiates an automatic and accurate overlay of a reflectance modifier, such as a traditional pigment-based cosmetic product, on said area. The application tool, for example, based on spray technology, applies cosmetics. In one embodiment of the present invention, the eraser brush is moved manually reciprocating along the aforementioned area in several passes in order to continuously scan the attributes of this area, for example, lightness and darkness, against a predetermined threshold value, which is determined in order to cosmeticly improve the appearance plot. The eraser brush automatically applies an RMA, such as a cosmetic substance, until the threshold value is reached.

Small amounts of RMA

One aspect of the present invention is the application of very small amounts of RMA compared to conventional cosmetic procedures according to the prior art. In various embodiments of the invention, several factors make it possible to use very small amounts of RMA.

As a rule, only a small part of the surface area is intended for RMA overlay. The technology can be specifically designed for unwanted signs (features) of the skin with an average spatial frequency, but in order to not affect the universally desirable features present with a high spatial frequency. Significant and unexpected visual improvement is achieved by selectively applying RMA to small parts of the skin area. Thus, the areas intended for the application of RMA, as a rule, represent a certain portion of the skin area that can be scanned by the device.

The amount of RMA applied to these target areas is significantly less than with known technologies, thanks to special improvement techniques, precise overlay and the ability to use small amounts of highly differentiated RMA.

Small amounts of RMA can produce a significant visual effect, as the human eye detects differences in proportion to the square of the reflectivity. For example, correction for the required level of lightening for a dark age spot provides the final visual gain from a full correction. In some embodiments of the present invention, it is desirable to specifically “under-adjust” the features (features) in order to improve or maintain a more natural appearance.

One or more reflectivity modifiers are applied in a consistent manner "in unison" or "as opposed to" locally measured skin properties, such as reflectivity or surface topology. These measurements are amended based on the height and incline of the measuring device relative to the skin surface. An example of a “counterbalance” action with respect to the attribute of the surface structure is the printing of a light spot on an indented fold,., Which will lead to the clarification of the frexels, which are usually in the shade because they are facing down, thus counteracting the wrinkle and making it less visible. An example of the action "in unison" is the accentuation of dimples.

For sites where RMA overlay is desired, a “highly differentiated RMA” can be selected, resulting in significantly less RMA compared to conventional technologies. One aspect of precise control is that you can choose an even more highly differentiated modifier for blending. Simply put, when lightening, a significantly smaller amount of selectively applied “lighter” cosmetic product is required compared to a “darker” cosmetic product. From a technical point of view, a highly differentiated RMA is one that is selected along the length of the correction vector closer to the saturated state of the red signal channel, where the correction vector is located between the real skin luminosity and the desired skin luminosity.

Speed and correct application of RMA

When trying to selectively apply reflectivity modifiers to a site such as a face, two significant problems arise. One of the problems is speed of application. If the application cannot be carried out relatively quickly, then the time required to cover a relatively large area is unreasonably large.

The second problem is technology accuracy. Experience in manual retouching of photographs shows that it is very difficult for a person to precisely control the application of a small amount of a substance manually, depending on the reflectivity.

One of the objectives of this invention is to combine several innovative features in order to eliminate the problems of accuracy and speed that arise in practice. In one embodiment of its implementation, the invention makes possible not only a fairly quick manual reciprocating movement "like an eraser" over a site to quickly cover a face or other area, but if necessary also a slower and more intentional movement. In one embodiment, the invention transfers the complexity of the problem from the hardware to the software by using simple sensors, as well as using enough sensors to take into account process parameters such as distance and angle. In one embodiment, the invention provides a rich dataset for providing computer-controlled RMA deposition, and also uses multiple passes to deposit the required amount of RMA in an efficient manner.

Eraser brush

One of the objects of this invention is an eraser brush (Eraser Brush ™). One of the distinguishing features of this eraser brush is the use of the fact that small amounts of RMA, when applied precisely, can provide a dramatic improvement in appearance. Another distinguishing feature of this eraser brush is the use of the fact that it is possible to ensure such precise blending with a very simple device. This device can be portable, which will ensure its portability, convenience, small size and low cost.

One of the ideas embedded in the eraser brush is that the reflectivity of the skin can be correctly measured by using several inexpensive sensors and light sources. This multitude of light sources and sensors provides a rich source of information that can be used to correctly calibrate the device to take into account the distance from the target and the measurement angle. To eliminate glare effects, you can use a polarizing filter.

Another idea embedded in an eraser brush is that the reflectivity of the skin can be measured in a quick and correct way while the application device is in rapid cyclic movement. Since the required correction for the skin area can be only a few percent of the reflectivity value, in practice there are several problems when obtaining acceptable readings of reflectivity, which include:

- the need for high accuracy in determining reflectivity;

- accounting for surface glare; accounting for various overlap angles; and

- taking into account various heights when measuring and superimposing.

In one embodiment of the invention, these difficulties are eliminated through the use of multiple lighting means in the form of LEDs and one or more video cameras, as well as through the use of a circular polarized filter to remove glare effects. In one example, the lighting means are LEDs that are placed a short distance from the filter, as a result of which they provide a sufficient amount of light for both polarization and reflectance measurement. The brightness of the LEDs allows them to be used in natural light. Reference marks are projected onto the surface, and the relative position of these marks in the image is analyzed to take into account the height from the surface and the angle of the device with respect to this surface.

In another embodiment of the invention, said difficulties are eliminated by using a plurality of synchronized pairs of LEDs and sensors focused at different points to straighten the error curve for reflectivity data; by using a circular polarized filter to remove glare effects; through the use of one or more pairs of LEDs and sensors for measuring and accounting for the angle of overlap; and through the use of one or more pairs of LEDs and sensors for measuring height from the work surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following implementation option of the present invention is considered only as an example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

figure 1 a typical diagram of the intersection of the rays of the light source and the sensor;

figure 2 is a graph of the density of the application of cosmetic products or RMA from the percentage of skin covered for a conventional procedure using cosmetic products, which are the basis, and a typical procedure using an eraser brush;

figure 3 a typical scheme of operation of a conventional domed LED or measuring diode;

4 is a diagram of a typical synchronous demodulator;

5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are diagrams illustrating how angle and distance affect the operation of multiple pairs of light sources and sensors;

on figa shows an example of a repeating ellipsoidal route of movement;

FIG. 6B shows an example of a current point, a previous full cycle, and half-cycle points on a repeating ellipsoidal travel route;

figa and 7B are typical diagrams of the ring topology of light sources and sensors;

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating how a group of LEDs having an annular arrangement can be placed above a coating device, for example, an electrostatic applicator;

figa is a typical diagram of the erasing movement when using an eraser brush;

FIG. 9B is a drawing illustrating how computer technology embodied in an eraser brush can adapt to a repeating signal and. in advance ... to anticipate the phase, in order to initiate an overlay with a sufficient lead in order to precisely hit the target frexel when the device moves above it during its oscillations;

10 is a typical diagram of the annular structure of the brush-eraser from the bottom side;

11A-11C are a flowchart of a process for controlling a video camera and an experimental spray device;

12 is a diagram of a typical SK II Airtouch ™ electrostatic applicator, modified for use as an eraser brush;

on Fig shows typical profiles of the overlay, carried out at different heights from the surface;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating steps for using an eraser brush; FIG.

on figa shows the Munsell color wheel;

on figv depicts a sector of the color wheel shown in figa, illustrating different values of color intensity and luminosity of the skin;

on figs depicts the sector shown in figv illustrating a highly differentiated RMA;

Fig.16 is a General view of one of the variants of the sensor ring, when viewed from above;

Fig.17 is a sectional view of the sensor ring shown in Fig.16;

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a video camera and an experimental atomizing device when viewed from the side;

Fig.19 is a front view of the device shown in Fig.18;

Fig.20 is a side view of the device shown in Fig.18;

on figa shows an example of the positions of the rays at a certain distance relative to the target distance;

on figv shows an example of the positions of the rays at a distance close to the target distance;

on figs shows an example of the provisions of the rays at a distance greater than the target distance;

FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a general control process in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

Fig. 23 an example of round radiation spots, which are the projection of the beam onto a plane perpendicular to the light source;

Fig. 24 is an example of elliptical ray spots that are a projection of a beam onto a plane inclined relative to a light source;

25 is an example of an elliptical radial spot with rotation;

Fig.26 is a representation of the projection of the beam in three-dimensional space;

Fig.27 is a representation of the projection of the beam in three-dimensional space on the first plane and on the second plane, located closer to the light source;

28A is a graph of position versus time for an application example;

FIG. 28B is a graph of initial surface reflectivity as a function of position for the example shown in FIG. 2 8A;

FIG. 28C is a graph of initial surface reflectance showing areas where RMA is desired to be added. at the first pass;

figa-29B are an example of the distribution profiles of the sprayed RMA when applied to the surface;

Fig. 30 an example of the intersection of the LED spot and the sensor spot;

Fig. 31, an example of the intersection of the LED spot and the sensor spot at various distances from the LED and the sensor;

Fig. 32 an example of the dependence of reflectivity on the position after the first pass when applying RMA;

FIG. 33 is an example showing the amount of brightening agent that can be applied in several passes in the example shown in FIG. 28C;

Fig. 34 is a graph of the position versus time for an example in which a first repeating movement is performed, after which there is an offset with a second second repeating movement after it, after which there is an offset with a third repeating movement following it;

Fig. 35 is a graph of reflectivity for repetitive motion between points A and B in this example;

Figa-36F are top views of various rings of sensors;

Fig. 37 is a structural diagram of a demonstration device comprising an experimental head with LED and photodiode devices, a signal processing board providing power to the LEDs and receiving the signal from the photodiodes, a connection device board, National Instruments LabView ™ data acquisition software, a data acquisition board, located in the computer, a computer monitor, a connection device board and a shielded cable coming from the connection device board to the data collection board;

Fig. 38 is a graph of position versus time for an example in which the repetitive movement is not uniform;

Fig. 39 is a two-dimensional example of Gaussian distributions in a ray with a proportionality factor of 1 / L ² ;

40 shows a typical susceptibility of a matrix of cells;

Fig. 41 is a flowchart of a general control process; and

FIG. 42 is an example of a forward reflectance reading and a reverse reflectance reading for the same travel route.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Use of LEDs and photodiodes to correctly measure reflectivity to provide digital control of a cosmetic spray device

For this embodiment, a method and apparatus for controlling an application device for applying relatively small amounts of RMA in accordance with measured skin attributes is described. The application device may be a droplet control device, such as an ink jet head, a droplet control device, such as a spray device, or a combination of devices. - Reflectivity modifiers include pigment-based cosmetic formulations that allow cosmetic improvements to be made using any application technique, for example, spray technology such as airbrushing. For example, this cosmetic improvement can be aimed at brightening the area, darkening it, as well as changing its color characteristics.

In this embodiment of the present invention, conventional cosmetic applicators, such as an airbrush or an electrostatic applicator, are adapted by endowing them with a scan and control function, and also by modifying the blending technique with the transition from uniformity on a large scale to more accurate selective blending in multiple passes . This technique can also use richer colors than the base color close to skin color. The device can impose a wide range of reflectivity modifiers in conditions of precise computer control. In some examples, the RMA may be significantly darker or lighter than the skin, and such agents can be easily applied in several passes.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the user moves the eraser brush manually over the area, reproducing the familiar and intuitive eraser movement, as a result of which the eraser brush scans multiple frexels. After that, the applicator automatically applies RMA in accordance with the characteristics of the reflectivity of frexels to improve the appearance of the site.

Definitions

In this description and claims, the terms "reflectivity modifier" or "RMA" refer to any compound suitable for modifying the reflectivity of the skin. Some examples of reflectivity modifiers include paints, dyes, pigments, bleaching agents, chemical modifiers, and other substances that can alter the reflectivity of human skin and other features. "Composition with RMA." is a composition that includes at least one RMA. An RMA formulation typically includes other components, such as a humectant or filler. A “transparent RMA” is typically a colorant, although low concentration pigmented RMAs are also substantially transparent. An “opaque RMA” is an opaque layer and typically contains particles with a high refractive index. In one example of pigmented cosmetics, the term “high refractive index particles” refers to particles having a refractive index of 2.0 or greater.

The term "frexel" is defined as a small area of skin similar to a pixel, which may be a single large pixel or a small number of pixels. More specifically, a pixel refers to an area of application on a surface that is located directly below the applicator nozzle of a cosmetic applicator, for example, an electrostatic applicator-airbrush. In some embodiments, without droplet control, a pixel may be a 1/15 to 1/5 inch portion.

The term "skin" is used not only to indicate the skin on the human body, but also in a broader sense to indicate any features of a person that can be improved by cosmetic means, for example, nails or hair. The term “skin” includes, but is not limited to, areas of human skin including the face, head, neck, torso, back, legs to the feet, hands to the hands, hands and feet.

The term “attribute” means local reflectivity of the skin, morphology of the surface of the skin, or both. The term “attribute” is a subset of the broader term “characteristic”, which refers to any measurable property of the skin. The terms “in a consistent manner in unison” or “in unison” mean, more specifically, applying an RMA according to the attributes of a frexel so as to accentuate one or more frexels of a particular feature, for example applying a light RMA to brighten a light skin feature; applying dark RMA to darken the dark feature; adding red RMA to red frexel; and applying RMA to the dimple to highlight the dimple. The terms “as opposed” or “as opposed” mean, more specifically, applying RMA according to the attributes of frexels in such a way as to hide or close one or more frexels of a particular feature, for example, applying light RMA to a dark skin feature to lighten this feature; applying a dark RMA to a light feature to darken the skin; adding green or blue RMA to red frexel; and applying a light RMA on a part of the crease to hide the crease.

The term "middle spatial frequencies" means in the most preferred case, features or frequencies in the approximate range of from 1.5 to 8 mm on the face and 2 16 mm on the foot. At spatial frequencies from 2 mm to 12 mm, waves of lower strength can be attenuated, for example, with reflection from peak to peak below 10%, but waves with higher strength can be preserved. In the range from up to 2 mm, the same can be done at a higher threshold value, while waves with a spatial frequency below mm can be saved. In the range from 12 to 25 mm, the same threshold value can be applied subject to more stringent control. Filtration or partial camouflage of mid-spatial frequencies means selective application of RMA in such a way as to mask or close features with an average spatial frequency, such as age spots.

An “overlay event” is a separate event, such as a single spray, which has a start time and a duration.

The term “different RMA” means an RMA that is specifically selected so that it is darker (has a lower luminosity) or lighter (has a higher luminosity) compared to the desired skin color. The term "highly differentiated RMA" means RMA, which is specially chosen so that it is significantly darker or lighter in comparison with the desired skin color. From a technical point of view, highly differentiated-RMA typically has a saturation of at least 85% in the red signal channel and is selected along the length of the vector between the real local reflectance of the skin and the required reflectance of the skin. In the example of brightening a dark feature, a highly differentiated RMA may look pink. The term "skin color" means the shade, color intensity and luminosity of the skin. Perceived skin color is influenced by factors such as actual skin color, light, and structure.

The phrase “eraser-like movement” refers to the usual reciprocating, circular or generally elliptical movement. The mentioned movement, in principle, is similar to the movement of a pencil eraser when erasing a word on a sheet of paper.

The term "lighting means" refers to a light source that is used to illuminate part of a surface. Lighting can typically be controlled, as a result of which data from various lighting fixtures can be used to correct natural light and obtain the correct reflectivity or surface profile. “Lighting condition” or “lighting conditions” refers to various combinations of a plurality of sensors in on and off states. The term "LED" specifically refers to a light emitting diode, and in a more general sense, for example, a lighting device.

The term "sensor" refers to a photodiode, phototransistor, or other optical detector. In some embodiments of the present invention, the video camera functions as one or more sensors. "Sensor ring" refers to the placement of LEDs and other components, such as sensors. The placement may be performed to obtain forms other than annular.

Generally speaking, a lighting means illuminates an area of a plane with the creation of a specific spot and intensity. The sensor detects the area of illumination on a plane that may intersect with the spot of illumination. "Efficiency" is an indicator of how completely the light beam and the sensor beam intersect in the plane under consideration. An “efficiency region” is an intersection region of a light source spot and a sensor spot on a portion of a surface. The "brightness" of a lighting product is lighting per unit area in the plane in question. "Sensitivity" is the efficiency of the sensor in detecting current lighting in the plane in question. "Sensitivity" is a product of efficiency, brightness and sensitivity. The term “susceptibility ratio” refers to the ratio of the susceptibility of one light source and a sensor to the susceptibility of another sensor. The said relation may also include comparing the susceptibility of one light source and a sensor, for example, located adjacent to the susceptibility of two or more other sensors, for example, sensors located opposite the light source in the sensor ring, which is described below. The susceptibility ratios are typically used to calculate the slope of the sensor relative to the surface.

A “applying device” is a device that applies RMA to the skin. In this description, the application device may be a spray device, including an electrostatic spray device or an airbrush spray device, a droplet emission control device, or other device. An “application element” is a part of an application device that applies RMA, such as a nebulizer, an element with droplet emission control, or both. A “scanning and applying device” scans a skin area and uses scan data to control the application of one or more reflectivity modifiers. An example of an “droplet control element” is an inkjet head, in which individual droplets are precisely controlled. An example of an “element without droplet control” is a nebulizer. Spray devices relate to a technology without droplet emission control, in which droplets are created in clusters and controlled by these clusters.

The term "averaged lighting" refers to the average angle and diffusion of light reaching a particular surface. It determines how surface irregularities are typically obscured. For example, the average illumination of the whole body is the position of the light source above the head, while the typical position of the head is vertical, as a result, the bulge on the cheek is typically darkened from the bottom. The averaged illumination can additionally be defined as the interaction of the averaged direction of light relative to gravity and the average orientation of a particular skin frexel relative to gravity.

The terms "reflectivity", "optical density" or "density" refer to a measure of skin reflection. In this description, the “initial reflectance” reading is the initial reflectance reading received from the sensor, before correction based on distance or inclination. The “adjusted reflectance” reading corrects the initial reflectance reading based on the distance of the surface from the sensor ring or its inclination relative to this ring. The adjusted reflectance is an indication of reflectance, which takes into account the height and inclination of the device relative to the surface of the skin. A “desired density level” typically represents a desired level of smoothing for a skin site, such as a threshold value for lightening the skin, darkening the skin, or both. As the desired density level, an “average density” for the skin site can be used. The term "RMA deposition density" refers to the mass of RMA applied per unit surface area.

The term "portable" means stand-alone devices, the case of which can be held in hand, as well as devices, the case of which is connected to a power source and / or computer.

Spatial frequencies

One aspect of the invention is the filtering or partial camouflage of mid-spatial frequencies. The skin is characterized by three types of spatial frequencies, which are summarized in table 1 below. Generally speaking, features with a high frequency are desirable, and features with a medium frequency are less desirable. The goal of many of the control techniques described below is to close or change features with an average spatial frequency.

Table 1 Spatial frequencies High Usually they are small and desirable natural changes in the skin, for example, genetically determined. One of the problems associated with conventional cosmetics is that they close these natural features with high frequency. One of the results of closing these features is that the skin looks more artificial and less real. Average In general, they are undesirable features or aspects, for example, caused by bruises or aging. Low Have the appearance of larger features, such as a cheek. Aesthetic techniques, such as light or dark shading, can be used to change the obvious form of these features.

Cosmetic use of an eraser brush includes smoothing the appearance of the skin, lightening the skin, imitating a natural tan and applying color shades.

Applying cosmetics using the device of the present invention can improve the appearance of age spots, circles, blood vessels, bulges and other imperfections of the skin as the device moves over the skin. As a rule, to use the device there is no need for the user to have a high level of skill.

One of the advantages of this invention is that small areas of the skin can be treated without the formation of obvious transition boundaries. Within a given area of the skin, in a typical case, the correction is performed for a small part of this area, as a result of which most of the skin remains untouched. When correcting such a feature as an age spot, for example, in several passes with a light application of RMA, the transition between the age point and the surrounding skin is much less noticeable than in the case of an uncorrected feature.

Correct Reflectance Measurements - Consider distance and tilt

The measurement of color or reflectivity, as a rule, is carried out under conditions of monitoring a given distance and a given angle between the sensor and the object for which the measurement is being carried out. In the present invention, it is desirable that the sensor provides the correct measurement of reflectivity in the range of distances to the device and its slopes. One way to ensure correct measurements is to use stereoscopy to measure distance and tilt. Another way to ensure correct measurements is to use multiple light sources and sensors to determine distance and tilt.

Stereoscopy

Classical stereoscopy is a subset of the basic analysis technologies that are described below. In stereoscopy, a video camera is used to receive images that project onto the surface. Images may include reference marks, whereby distances and other characteristics can be calculated from these reference marks. With this approach, one or more video cameras are used to view the image, after which triangulation technologies are used to obtain distance and angle information in order to adjust reflectance. Typical stereoscopic techniques include the use of two cameras and one or more light sources, multiple cameras with one or more light sources, or one light source to produce a projection in the form of reference marks or a matrix.

In this embodiment of the present invention, a simpler approach is proposed based on the use of fewer sensors and light sources having a specific configuration for measuring distance and taking into account the angle relative to the surface in order to correct reflectivity and ensure its correct measurement. The option described below with LEDs and video cameras includes both a modification of the classical stereoscopy technologies and the use of video cameras to measure the radiation spot of the LED and determine its position, as a result of which the video camera can replace photodiode sensors.

Light sources and sensors

At the heart of one of the methods for correcting reflectance readings to account for distance and tilt is the use of lighting means and sensors such as photodiodes. At least one sensor is used with multiple light sources. In general, it is desirable to use multiple light sources and multiple sensors.

In this example, an eraser brush measures the reflectivity of a surface, without contact with that surface, in the presence of natural light. 1 shows a light emitting source 2 and a light receiving sensor 4. The light source and the sensor are oriented so that their beams 6 and 8 intersect in a certain range of distances from the sensor, and the degree of this intersection varies with distance. The technologies described below illustrate how to use this change to improve data analysis, for example, to take into account the height and tilt of the device relative to the skin surface.

In this embodiment, a plurality of LEDs are used as light sources 2, and sensors are used to detect light from the LEDs.

Figure 3 illustrates the operation of a conventional domed LED 30 or measuring diode. The dome 32 is made by injection molding to obtain a generally parabolic shape in order to focus the rays of light 3 4 coming from the built-in diode chip 3 6 or to this chip. The same design is duplicated in an LED or single-element sensor, so in the subsequent drawings they will be depicted in two interchangeable ways.

To accurately measure reflectivity, external light must be ignored. Since it is often impractical to cover a device that is not in contact with the surface or to require the use of a dark room for work, extraneous light can be eliminated by. modulation of the light beam 6 shown in Fig.1.

With this approach, it is desirable to turn the LEDs on and off sequentially and receive measurements from each sensor while the LED is on and while it is off. The value for the off state can then be subtracted from the value for the on state to allow for daylight. In this description, two main approaches to the organization of the sequential operation of LEDs are considered. The first approach is synchronous demodulation. The second approach is to turn on and off each LED at predetermined times within the cycle.

Synchronous demodulation

Figure 4 shows a synchronous demodulator 40, which is very effective when the exact phase of the transmitted carrier is known, as in this case. An internal oscillator 42 controls the LED 44 using an asymmetric square wave 46, the most efficient excitation method if harmonics are not a problem. The signal 48 from sensor 4 is supplied to a two-quadrant multiplier, while the other input signal is a two-sided sine wave 50 from the oscillator 42. The low-pass filter 52 installed below determines the bandwidth and speed, which is well known in radio engineering.

Several LEDs 44 can be controlled using different frequencies of the oscillator, each individually detected using one sensor 4 due to the separate tuning of the demodulator 40 for each of these frequencies, just as many radios can be received on one antenna when connecting multiple radios.

When using multiple frequencies, you can simultaneously use many pairs of LEDs 44 and sensors 4. Demodulation can be carried out using analog electronics at radio frequencies. An alternative is to modulate light sources 44 at lower, for example, sound frequencies, and use software to perform demodulation.

Sensors

At least one sensor 4 receives data when illuminated by a light source. In one embodiment of the present invention, one or more photocells, such as photodiodes or phototransistors, that correspond to modulation of a light source, such as an LED, can be used. The signal from the corresponding photocell is synchronously demodulated at the same frequency as that of the LED to exclude all natural light.

In one embodiment, the sensors are photodiodes that are similar in appearance to LEDs. There are photodiodes with different viewing angles, which in this description are called the beam angles of the device beam. The modeling described below allows the developer to evaluate the different viewing angles of the photodiodes and the beam angles of the light of the LEDs to create a sensor head with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio.

LED and Sensor Combinations

5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D show the response of light sources 2 and sensors 4 to changes in distance and tilt. 5A, the light source 2 and the first sensor 4 are located in the upper part of the drawing, and the second sensor 4 is located in the lower part of the drawing. When the plane under consideration is rotated counterclockwise from the position indicated by the solid line to the position indicated by the dashed line, the readings of the upper sensor will decrease, and the readings of the lower sensor will increase. As a result, the ratio of the upper sensor reading to the lower sensor reading will decrease. In FIG. 5C, the light source 2 and the first sensor 4 are located in the lower part of the drawing, and the second sensor 4 is located in the upper part of the drawing. When the plane under consideration is rotated counterclockwise from the position indicated by the solid line to the position indicated by the dashed line, the readings of the upper sensor will increase, and the readings of the lower sensor will decrease. As a result, the ratio of the upper sensor reading to the lower sensor reading will increase. In these examples, the ratio of the sensor readings provides information about the direction and magnitude of the slope.

In FIG. 5B, the configuration of the light source and sensors is the same as in FIG. 5A, and in FIG. 5D, the configuration of the light source and sensors is the same as in FIG. 5C. In these examples, when moving the plane in question from the position indicated by the solid line to the position indicated by the dashed line, both the reading of the upper sensor and the reading of the lower sensor will typically increase. The ratio of the readings of the upper and lower sensors remains unchanged.

Thus, the readings themselves and their relationship to the various sensors provide information on distance and incline.

Simplified Geometric Analysis

The use of multiple LEDs and sensors can be considered as a method of determining the intersection area for various combinations of LEDs and sensors. The analysis below is simplified by processing the light and sensor beams as having uniform intensity and distinct boundaries.

This simplified geometric analysis is presented to form a definite idea of the reaction of the measuring device to changes in distance and incline. You can use analysis with a greater depth of theory, while more detailed analysis or modeling can provide more accurate results to optimize design and control techniques.

Beam spots in planes at various distances from the light source

As shown in FIG. 23, an ideal beam 112 from a source 110, such as an LED, with an angle of 114 (углом) of the beam solution projects a circular spot 116 of radius r at a distance h below source 110. The value of the radius is determined by the angle E and the distance p. With this A simplified analysis of an ideal beam provides uniform illumination of I inside a circular spot ... By. as the distance from the source increases, the size of the projection of the beam onto the surface increases, and the lighting per unit area decreases.

In a more detailed analysis, these dependencies can be adjusted so that a Gaussian distribution or other required beam intensity scheme is fulfilled. Lighting can also decrease further with distance, allowing for scattering or loss of light as the distance from the source increases.

Effective angle

In a rectangular coordinate system, the tilt can take place relative to an arbitrary axis k, the y axis, or both axes.

As shown in FIG. 24, the beam 112 intersects the inclined plane 118 to form an elliptical section 120. The small axis 122 of the ellipse decreases with increasing angle of inclination. Thus, the greater the angle of inclination, the more elongated the ellipse becomes. At a zero angle, the beam intersects the plane to form a circle, as described above.

If the source is shifted relative to the centerline, then the ellipse can rotate through an angle (3, as shown in Fig. 25. The actual shape of the beam may more resemble an egg with one end larger than the other. For illustration purposes, ellipses are used.

As shown in FIG. 26, the shape and position of the ellipse are associated with several factors, including the position 124 of the LED or the sensor, angle 126 (β). the rotation of the LED or sensor, the direction 128 of the targeting of the LED or sensor, the angle 114 of the beam of the beam of the LED or sensor and the inclination 130 (α) of the plane.

Fig. 27 shows a general case of an LED or a sensor located on the sensor ring 132 at an angle β. Area 134 in the ellipse is on the centerline. As the plane in question moves closer to the LED or device, the ellipse becomes smaller and its center moves from the center line.

Lots of LEDs and sensors

The intersection of ray spots of various LEDs and sensors on the surface, the characteristics of which are determined, gives different values for each combination of light source and sensor when changing the input parameters. In this case, the input parameters are the distance 136 from the light source to the surface 138, the characteristics of which are determined, the reflectivity 140 of this surface and the angle of inclination 130 and 131 of the surface relative to the two axes. The model can be used to study various techniques in the design and control, including the orientation of the sensors, the angle of the beam and data analysis.

On Fig shows the LED 146 and the sensor 140 installed in the ring 150 of the sensors, as well as a theoretical intersection in the horizontal plane. As described below, the ring configuration is used as a convenient form of mounting LEDs and sensors. Other configurations may be used.

The LED is mounted on a radius r _L and in the position β1 = 30 degrees. The sensor is installed in the same ring at the same radius in the position β2 = 150 degrees. The resulting elliptical ray spots 142 and 148 of the LED and the sensor in the horizontal plane are shown on an enlarged scale for the purposes of this discussion. If the plane is tilted, then the shape and orientation of the intersection of the rays will change.

In some examples, it is desirable to receive readings from several sensors for each LED. For example, one sensor may be adjacent to the LED, and one or more other sensors may be opposite the LED.

Useful information is provided by the size and shape of the rays, as well as their intersection. Fig. 31 illustrates changes in the intersection of three pairs of ray spots 152, 154, and 156 as the distance of the sensor ring from the surface and the inclination of the sensor ring relative to the surface change. As the considered plane moves from the sensor ring, the areas of each of the radiation spots increase. As the angle of inclination of the plane increases, the eccentricity of ellipses increases.

LED and Sensor Combination

The following discussion is related to the consideration of several factors related to obtaining and improving reflectance readings using light sources and sensors. The area of efficiency is the area of overlap of the LED beam and sensor spots. As a rule, a Gaussian or other distribution of light is carried out inside the beam, while the intensity in the center is greater than in the areas far from it. As noted in the above geometric analysis, there is no distinct boundary; the ellipses in the mentioned geometric analysis can be considered as representing the perimeter of the variation of 1σ beam intensity. There is an inverse quadratic dependence of the intensity or sensitivity on the distance to the LED or sensor.

One of the factors is the degree of inclination of the local surface relative to a plane perpendicular to the region of an individual beam. This factor is not taken into account in the simulation of the first pass described below.

For purposes of illustration, it is assumed that these factors are complementary. Given the orientation of the light source and the sensor, as well as the orientation of the surface, which is located at a distance from the light source and tilted in two axes relative to the light source, the area of efficiency will be the intersection of the light source spot and the sensor spot in some part of the surface. Then, in addition to the actual reflectivity of the surface, there are several factors that affect the measurement of reflectivity within this area of efficiency.

One of the factors is that, in a typical case, there is a distribution of light intensity or sensor sensitivity at which they are stronger in the middle of the spot and fall with increasing distance from the center. For the purposes of consideration, it is considered that it is changed according to Gaussian law. Another factor is that when doubling the distance, the average amount of lighting per unit area will decrease by four times. As the distance increases, the intensity per unit area decreases with a factor of 1 / d ² . This is an inverse quadratic dependence. A third factor is how much the surface is deflected from a plane perpendicular to the local beam spot.

The susceptibility for one sensor and one light source can be considered as the product of these three factors within the field of efficiency. A comparison of the susceptibility or reflectance readings for the first sensor and the light source with reflectance readings for the second sensor and the light source gives information about the distance of the surface from the devices and its orientation relative to the devices. The design of the sensor head should be such that it provides enough data to have a good signal to noise ratio, which will allow us to determine the real reflectivity, distance and slope based on this data.

One of the features of this embodiment of the present invention is the provision of digital control, which can help in making correct measurements of reflectivity by obtaining a sufficient amount of data from inexpensive light sources and sensors.

Generally speaking, one of the tricks is to aim the LEDs and sensors at different points. For example, the first group of LEDs and sensors can be aimed at the center of the first intersection plane located at a first distance from the sensor ring, and the second group of LEDs and sensors can be aimed at the center of the second intersection plane located at a second distance from the sensor ring.

In one embodiment of the invention, this degree of overlap may be indicated by a sensor reading, for example, by the output of a photodiode. In this embodiment, as the degree of overlap decreases, the reading of the sensor decreases.

In another embodiment of the invention, as described below, different LED configurations are used for one or more targeting distances, and one or more video cameras are used to determine the location and shape of the radiation spots on the surface.

Example

In this example, three pairs of 158, 160 and 162 LEDs and sensors are arranged in the sensor ring 150. Each LED in the sensor is aimed at a central point at a first distance from the ring.

On figa plane of intersection closer to the targeting distance. Although in this example the ray spots 164, 166 and 168 are shown in the form of circles, the real ray spots will be elliptical.

In FIG. 21B, said plane is adjacent to the aiming distance, and the beam spots 164, 166, and 168 are located closer to the center compared to FIG.

In FIG. 21C, said plane is farther away from the aiming distance, and ray spots passed through the center point. As the distance increases, these radiation spots will move away from the center.

The area of invariant net gain

Turning now to FIG. 1, it is shown that the light source 2 can be focused into beam 6, and the sensor 4 can also be regarded as being focused into beam 8. It is clear that the efficiency region 10 is the intersection of these two rays 6 and 8. If more precisely, the susceptibility at a distance from the light source is the product of both rays 6 and 8 at this distance. For example, if rays 6 and 8 overlap by 10%, the net overlap in area 10 of efficiency is only 1%. Thus, there is no need to carefully close the light source 2 and the sensor 4.

The efficiency region 10 lies between the light source and the sensor. In one embodiment of the present invention, the LEDs and sensors are arranged in a ring, and the application device is placed in the center of the ring. When aiming the LEDs and sensors in the direction of the center, an efficiency region arises in the overlay zone, which does not require the placement of LEDs or sensors directly on top.

The light source 2 and the sensor 4 are equivalent in sensitivity, therefore, they can change roles at the same resulting efficiency region 10.

The graphs on the left side of FIG. 1 represent the corresponding dependences of “efficiency”, “brightness” and “susceptibility” on distance. "Efficiency" is an indicator of the area of intersection of rays 6 and 8 at a certain distance. Although it is shown that these rays have a clear outline, the boundaries of the beam can be considered as obeying to some extent the Gaussian distribution, therefore, 1-sigma levels at the mentioned distance will be as described below. "Brightness" is a measure of lighting per unit area. In this example, the far edge of the efficiency region 10 is approximately twice as far from the light source as the far edge of the region. Since the lighting decreases with the square of the distance, the far edge has approximately the brightness of the near edge. “Sensitivity” is a product of brightness and efficiency.

In region 12 (A), an increase in brightness compensates for a decrease in efficiency with a decrease in distance, as a result of which the region exhibits an “invariant net gain”. In the framework of this discussion, invariant means approximately the same.

In the region of 14 (B) distances, both brightness and efficiency increase with decreasing distance, as a result of which the susceptibility increases throughout the entire range.

As described in more detail below, these types of reactions, depending on distance, can provide useful information. One of the design techniques proposed by this invention is the creation of various paired combinations of light sources and sensors, as a result of which there are many areas of efficiency with different profiles of changes in brightness and susceptibility. As a consequence, these differing reactions can provide a basis for analyzing data to determine distance and slope and correspondingly correct reflectance readings. In practice, there are a number of ways to obtain susceptibility change profiles, including a different arrangement of light sources and sensors.

In one embodiment of the present invention, by using a plurality of LEDs and sensors aimed at different distances, the distance can be varied within wide limits.

In the present invention, data can be used to correctly determine the distance from the sensor head to the surface. The distance is important for several reasons, including correcting the measured reflectivity to account for the distance, issuing messages to the user when the desired overlap range is exceeded, and determining the path of the drop or stream to more accurately turn the application device on or off.

Glare Processing

In one embodiment of the present invention, a circular polarizer is used to eliminate a possible error in reflectance readings caused by glare. In many applications, polarizers can remove valuable light. In one embodiment of the present invention, bright LEDs are placed close to the object, as a result of which there is enough light so that it remains after the polarizing filter. The circular polarizer generally contains a quarter-wave filter mounted between the incoming light and the linear polarizing filter. Placing several LEDs and a video camera or photocells behind a single circular polarizer allows the computer to interpret the lightness of the skin, regardless of distance, angle and glare. This technology is used in a number of expensive cathode ray tube anti-glare screens to eliminate internal reflections. In addition, circular polarizers are widely used and offered in most stores selling video cameras, in contrast to the linear polarizers 60. They are used to rotate the angle inside the camera to avoid polarimetric problems with the measuring device and autofocus. The advantage in this application is that all sources and all sensors can be placed behind a single polarizing filter, which is self-leveling and can be placed at any angle.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the lighting means are LEDs with a wavelength in the green part of the spectrum to provide improved visibility of the skin condition compared to red or another part of the spectrum. In other examples, other wavelengths or combinations thereof may be used.

Calibration

In the general case, it is desirable to perform the calibration procedure for the control unit to ensure that the signals from the sensors are correctly converted to meaningful data. One way to calibrate the control unit is to obtain sensor readings for various levels of height and tilt angles using known color samples. Then the calibration data can be used to convert the sensor data into distance and angle measurements. In practice, this calibration would be carried out in the range of working heights, tilt angles, and in the range of surface reflectivity.

In one embodiment of the invention, to inform the user that the distance range or angle has been exceeded, an audible signal, light or other indication may be provided. This feedback allows the user to better understand the use of the device. The mentioned data can also be used to provide a more accurate measurement of reflectivity due to correction taking into account the distance and angle of inclination, as well as provide the setting on and off of the feeding device to take into account the real trajectory of the RMA drop or jet exiting the applying device . Calibration Example

In this particular example, there are four input parameters: real surface reflectivity (R), height or distance (d), slope (αx) relative to the first axis and slope (αy) relative to the second axis. There are six sensors and six LEDs in total. Three LEDs (L1, L2 and L3) and three sensors (S1, S2 and S3) are aimed at the first angle. The remaining three LEDs (L4, L5 and L6) and three sensors (S4, S5 and S6) are aimed at a second angle. Each pair of sensor and LED inside the set creates a target data point. There are 18 reactions that can be used individually or in combination to calibrate the device. For example, one target combination is intended to compare the readings of the sensor located next to the LED, for example, L1S1, with the average readings of the sensors located opposite the LED, for example, L1S2 and L1S3. In this example, the indications indicated are typically the difference between the indication of the sensor when the LED is on and the indication when the LED is off. This difference removes the influence of natural light, so it can be considered the contribution of the LED to the lighting.

Topology of the ring of light sources and sensors

Figa and 7B illustrate the topology of the ring of light sources 2 (white) and sensors 4 (black), which can be used in one of the options brush eraser. The triplet configuration (32) can be used to determine the distance and both tilt angles. However, the square configuration (42) shown in FIG. 7B is a more reliable option. It is understood that a different grouping of the illustrated light sources 2 and sensors 4 will provide the information previously depicted in FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E. Other arrangements may be used.

On figa-36F shows additional configurations of light sources and sensors. The term “ring” is used to describe any form of placement of light sources and sensors. Round shape is optional. On figa shows two sets of three paired LEDs and sensors in a ring having an outer diameter of approximately 1 inch and a hole in the center of 0.5 inches. On figv shows a smaller ring with an outer diameter of 0.8 inches and an inner diameter of 0.32 to 5 inches. In this example, one set of three paired LEDs and sensors is located at a first radius from the center, and a second set of three paired LEDs and sensors is located at a second radius from the center. On figs shows a ring with concentric ordering of two sets of three paired LEDs and sensors. In this example, the devices inside each set are located at an angle of 60 ° from each other. On figb shows a ring with concentric ordering of two sets of six. paired LEDs and sensors. In this example, the devices inside each set are located at an angle of 30 ° from each other. On Fig. 36E shows a ring with the ordering of two sets of four paired LEDs and sensors. Fig. 36F shows a ring with an offset arrangement of LEDs and sensors. These examples illustrate a much wider variety of possible layouts of light sources and sensors.

Fig. 8 illustrates one way in which such a group of eight LEDs 44 can be placed in an annular structure 70 in the form of a cage over the nozzle 72 of the application device 74, for example, over the adapted SK II Airtouch ™ electrostatic applicator. A circular polarizer 76 with a notch having the appearance of a washer is mounted on top of the ring structure 70, in addition, a screw cap with ring seals (not shown) is provided. It may also be desirable to modify the characteristics of the sprayer, for example, the size of the spray nozzle.

Example Sensor ring with 3 pairs of LEDs and sensors

In this example, a black Acrylic Delrin® ring was used as a holder for many light sources and sensors. The ring has a thickness of approximately an inch, as well as an external diameter of 1 inch and an internal diameter of 3/4 ". A number of 3 mm holes were drilled in the ring, as a result of which each hole allowed the LED or sensor to be installed. In this example, the 3 mm LEDs and devices -3mm sensors were slightly recessed in the holes to allow the material to cut off extraneous light.A round polarizing filter, for example, obtained from a store selling video cameras, can be placed at the base of the ring.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a general control process in this example. In step 2000, the pre-processed signal turns the LEDs on and off in the desired sequence, as a result of which it is possible to obtain data when each of the LEDs is on, and then when each of the LEDs is off. At step 2100, the sensors receive data from each LED when it is on and when it is off. At step 2200, data from the sensor is analyzed to determine reflectivity, distance, and tilt. At 2300, the device can provide the user with feedback on distance and incline information. At 2400, the reflectance reading is adjusted for distance and tilt. At step 2500, in the control process, signals are generated to turn the application device on and off. At step 2600, the device as a feedback provides the user with an audio, light, or vibration signal when the application device is turned on. The combination of this feedback information and the distance and incline feedback information in step 2400 helps to train the user in more efficient application technologies.

In the demo device, these control functions are implemented in software. In a consumer product, these control functions can be implemented in a control circuit located inside the device, which organizes the sequential operation of the LEDs, takes measurements, calculates the adjusted reflectance, drives one or more user feedback devices, and also drives applying device.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the LEDs and sensors are arranged in a ring with a diameter of approximately 1 inch. The devices are aimed at a plane approximately 1/2 "below the ring, resulting in an area of intersection of the rays of the sensors and light sources of approximately 1/8 to 3/16 of an inch. The light sources are driven sequentially or modulated so that each the sensor detected each light source independently, so there are nine data points for calculating the four parameters.

In some cases, the results of operation of sensors located opposite light sources can be averaged, as a result of which, in fact, there are six data points for four parameters. In any case, the system can be calibrated by obtaining multiple data points at various inclinations and distances from targets with known reflectivity. These data can be statistically analyzed to obtain response curves for each of the parameters: distance, tilt relative to the first axis, tilt relative to the second axis and reflectivity.

In some cases, it is possible not to focus light sources and sensors on the middle axis of the measuring device. In some examples, sensors or LEDs can be specifically aimed at a point that does not lie on the center line of the measuring device. This target point difference can be taken into account during the calibration process.

Example Sensor ring with 2 sets of 3 pairs of LEDs and sensors

On Fig shows a typical ring 150 of sensors with two sets of three pairs of sensors. The first set contains the LEDs 272, 274 and 276, as well as the sensors 278, 280 and 282. The second set contains the LEDs 284, 286 and 288, as well as the sensors 290, 292 and 2 94. These devices are inserted into the ring.

In other examples, the LEDs and sensor devices can be placed or made on a substrate, which is then covered with lens material. A circular polarized filter can also serve as a protective cover in the form of a lens for these devices.

As shown in FIG. 17, the first set of sensors and LEDs is aimed at the first plane at a distance of 296 (h1), which is approximately 3/8 "below the sensor ring, and the second set of sensors and LEDs is aimed at the second plane located on a distance of 298 (h2), which is approximately 9/8 "below the sensor ring. This sensor ring was used in combination with a modified airbrush to provide selective application of the cosmetic product in accordance with the sensor readings and the selected threshold value.

A circular polarized filter (not shown) can be attached to the base of the ring, which can be created based on a combination of a polarizing filter and a quarter-wave retardation plate.

Configuration example

In this example, six pairs of LEDs and sensors are arranged along an exemplary ring at an equal distance from each other. Three paired sensors are aimed at a first height of 3/8 inch, and alternating three paired sensors are aimed at a second height of 9/8 inches.

In one embodiment of the present invention, it is desirable to sequentially illuminate with six diodes in a cyclic mode so that each LED is turned on while all the other LEDs are off. When each LED from the first set of LEDs (L1, L2 and L3) is turned on, data from each sensor from the first set of sensors (S1, S2 and S3) is received for each LED from the first set of LEDs, both in the on and off state . Then, when each LED from the second set of LEDs (L4, L5 and L6) is turned on, data from each sensor from the second set of sensors (S4, S5 and S6) is received for each LED from the said second set of LEDs. This sequence of operation can be set by the synchronization circuit, as discussed below, or by bringing each LED into action as a result of modulation.

In this case, the sequence of operation of the device is provided on the basis of the frequency of 88 kHz, as a result of which standard audio equipment can be used. During each cycle, each of the LEDs will turn on and off, as a result of which data can be received from the sensors associated with them. For example, the L1 LED will turn on, and data for S1, S2, and S3 will be received. Then, the L1 LED will turn off, and data for S1, S2, and S3 will be received. This data acquisition process will be repeated for each LED in each cycle. In a preferred case, this sequence of work is programmable to enable evaluation of interleaving techniques. Other synchronization or modulation techniques may be used.

A diagram of a demonstration device for this example is shown in FIG. This demonstration device includes an experimental head 300 with LED and photodiode devices 310 322, a signal processing board 324 that powers the LEDs and receives the signal from the photodiodes, a connection device board 326, National Instruments LabView ™ data acquisition software 328, and a collection board 330 data located in the computer 332, a computer monitor 334, a connection device board 336, and a shielded cable 338 coming from the connection device board to the data collection board. The purpose of this demonstration device is to evaluate the response of the sensor heads to changes in tilt and reflectivity. The real reaction can be compared with the simulation results in order to use the modeling more confidently in evaluating the methods and parameters in the design.

Digital control

In this embodiment of the present invention, the control of the device is carried out mainly in order to decide whether to turn on or off the spray device. When the application device is turned on, a relatively large area can be affected. One of the unexpected results from this invention is that it has become possible to achieve amazing results using a relatively straightforward tool. When applying a thin RMA layer in several passes, a relatively low resolution can give good results. This type of result is difficult or impossible to achieve with manual application using similar application devices. One of the features of this invention is the ability to provide overlay control for accurate RMA overlay.

In this embodiment of the present invention, a suitable control device is provided with relatively simple and inexpensive light sources and sensors. The control device may operate an airbrush or a spray device with droplet emission control, providing a relatively large spreading width. A relatively large spray area is a necessary requirement in the practical implementation of one of the variants of the present invention, therefore, the application to a large area can be completed in a fairly short period of time.

Computerized improvement calculation

In practice, the general principle of applying cosmetics at the pixel level is realized through computerized control, which is unattainable with manual work. With this control, obtaining data on the characteristics of the surface, for example, skin, is performed to calculate cosmetic improvements, as well as to achieve these improvements by accurately applying cosmetics to the surface.

To provide computerized control, one or more microprocessors or control chips 80 may be used, as shown in FIG. 10. In one embodiment of the present invention, these control microcircuits 8 0 can be pre-tuned to certain density levels, where the density is the target reflectance (reflectance coefficient) of the surface. In another embodiment of the present invention, they can be adjusted to density levels by the user, as discussed below.

For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, an eraser brush can be used to enhance an electrostatic applicator 74, such as an electrostatic applicator 88. One or more of the control circuits 80 shown in FIG. 10 can be used with LEDs 44 and photocells 82 in an annular structure 70 that can be placed above the nozzle 72. These control chips 80 can be used to control an electronic valve 86 that opens and closes to flow control cosmetics injector nozzle 84 through 72 to provide the desired density level.

Synchronization

When increasing the speed of the application device, it is important to correctly determine the application point at a time when the eraser brush moves over the surface to be treated. For example, the overlay can be adjusted based on the predicted trajectory of the applied cosmetic, using methods that are well known to specialists in this field of technology.

Due to delays associated with the operation of the mechanics, it may be difficult to modulate the overlay mode on the spot or defect in real time without causing mismatches due to time delays. One solution is to require the user to move the brush very slowly so as not to outstrip the reaction time of the mechanics in the valves and controls of the application device. However, it is assumed that the natural mode of operation for the user will try to operate the device as an eraser, that is, with rapid reciprocating movement, as shown in figa. In one embodiment of the present invention, this mode can be implemented through the use of at least one accelerometer.

It is desirable to provide high accuracy in determining and correcting reflectivity. Typical variations in the characteristics of the skin can be in the order of 3–4%; therefore, it is desirable to control with higher accuracy compared to these observed variations.

One of the control techniques for increasing accuracy is slow movement, as described above. Another control technique is to increase the repeatability of movement to reduce error.

Together with an eraser brush for applying cosmetic products to the surface, you can use many different application tools known to specialists in this field of technology. In one embodiment of the present invention, spray technology can be used for blending. For example, you can use airbrushing technology. In another embodiment of the present invention, which is described below, droplet emission control technology may be used for overlay. For example, inkjet technology can be used. Some other examples of application tools are a pressurized chamber with a shut-off valve and an electric motor.

Based on the results of practical research, we can say that for effective application using a nozzle of a certain size, it is necessary to maintain a proper distance from the surface, the characteristics of which should be improved.

For example, to maintain the proper distance between the nozzle and the skin, the applicator nozzle in the eraser brush can be enclosed in a tube.

Cosmetic container

As shown in FIG. 12, a replaceable cosmetic container 20, typically associated with an application tool, in this example, an applicator 88 in the form of an airbrush, can be used to house cosmetics. The cosmetic container 20 is shown simply as a block, but it may have a visually appealing design. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic container 20 may comprise a plurality of chambers with a plurality of individual cosmetic colors that can be mixed to produce desired effects. In another embodiment of the present invention, it may contain a single color RMA pre-mixed to obtain the desired target color or effect.

Application of small amounts of RMA to the skin

The eraser brush makes it possible to apply computer-aided conventional cosmetic products that are used in small amounts in a selective manner at the pixel level, as well as applying paints and dyes.

In one embodiment of the present invention, instead of covering the defect with an opaque color corresponding to the skin, the skin color is slightly shifted to the desired result by applying a highly differentiated RMA with a very low concentration, almost transparent smears. Given the human abilities and time limits, it is impractical or impossible to successfully apply a highly differentiated EMA without the help of a computer.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the cosmetic is applied only to a small fraction of the skin surface, typically less than 20 to 40% of the skin surface to be treated, and only with a very low concentration, in fact, transparent smears. This technique preserves visual biological signs of real human skin and provides subtle makeup. Due to the explicit removal of the average spatial frequencies of age spots, higher spatial frequencies with a size smaller than the size of the applied spot remain desirable.

RMA can be applied in several passes, as described below for one embodiment of the present invention.

Modeling

Modeling can be used to evaluate alternative configurations of light sources and sensors. Assuming various configurations, lighting and sensitivity levels of the sensors, we can thus simulate the readings for measuring lighting for each device and use this data to evaluate the device’s ability to correct various errors.

Simulation example

In one example of modeling, LED parameters include intensity (I), wavelength, angle (Θ) of the beam solution, radial distance from the center line (r _L ), angular position (β _L ) relative to the reference axis, and target angle (Y _L ).

Sensor parameters include sensitivity of the photodiode at the wavelength of the LED, viewing angle (Θ), radial distance from the center line (r _S ), angular position (β _s ) relative to the reference axis, and targeting angle (γ _S ). A local surface is defined as a given plane located at a distance (h) below the center of the ring and having an inclination (α _x ) relative to the first axis and an inclination (α _y ) relative to the second axis.

In this example, the given plane contains many cells. Each LED projects a beam onto a given plane, and in the center of each cell, the beam spot can be calculated as the product of a component having the form of a Gaussian distribution and a 1 / L ² component to take into account the decrease in lighting per unit area with increasing distance L.

On Fig shows a two-dimensional example of the analysis of this type. At the first height, the first Gaussian distribution 350 is shown, and at the second height the second Gaussian distribution 352 is shown. Point C is a cell near the center of the beam, and C is a point located further from the center of the beam. The difference in intensity is due to the distance from the center of the beam. Points D and D ′ are at the same distance from the center of the beam as points C and C ′, but have lower intensity levels due to the fact that the illumination per unit area decreases with distance from the source. These differences are the contribution of component 1 / L ² .

In this model, other parameters are not taken into account, such as the relative slope of the cell relative to the normal to the beam, and the loss of the total amount of light with distance. If desired, the model can be expanded to take into account additional parameters. A similar calculation can be performed for the sensor. After that, a simulated sensitivity reading can be created by summing the contribution of all cells within a given section. The cell contribution is calculated as the product of the illumination from the LED in the cell and the observed sensor spot intensity for that cell.

For a matrix of cells, the result of this simulation will typically be the entire elliptical intersection region or part of it. On Fig shows a typical result for the susceptibility of the matrix of cells.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Use of LEDs and a video camera to correctly measure reflectance to provide digital control of a cosmetic spray device

In this embodiment of the present invention, a combination of LEDs and video cameras is used in the scanning and depositing device to ensure correct measurement of reflectance. Data is obtained using video cameras to determine the distance from the surface, the slope of the surface and the real reflectivity. Typically, the device is used for the specific application of cosmetics in the manner described above.

In typical embodiments, one, two, or three video cameras may be used. In one example, a video camera is used, which operates at a frequency of 60 frames per second and can conduct an assessment within a certain field.

Camcorders can provide significantly more data about a region of interest than photocells such as photodiodes or phototransistors can do. For example, if the LED beam had a spot on the surface shown in Fig. 40, the video camera can provide more information about the distribution of the LED beam compared to the only intensity indication received from the photodiode. Therefore, this increased data can provide more accurate information about the center of the site of interest. Due to the increased data that can be obtained from video cameras, fewer video cameras can be used with more LEDs.

Data from the front and back of the image

In addition to this, the increased data from the video cameras can be used to analyze the received front and back portions of the image. For example, the leading edge of the camcorder can be used to obtain data about a region of interest. After that, the software of the control device can analyze this data and superimpose the RMA on the site to obtain a certain percentage of the required reflectance. Then, the rear edge of the camcorder can be used to obtain data about the area of interest after application, after which the control device software can analyze the data to determine how much RMA still needs to be applied to the area. This technology can speed up the process of measuring, analyzing and applying in multiple passes.

One or more cameras can be used in stereoscopic mode to determine the position of the control device relative to the area of interest. Reference marks can be projected by LEDs to known positions, after which the control unit software can record and analyze the positions of these marks to determine the distance and slope.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first LED projects a spot in the form of a dot in each of the four corners of the region of interest. The second LED light source projects a spot in the form of a uniform field onto the area of interest, as a result of which a stereoscopic effect can be obtained when using data from two LEDs with different positions. The first LED creates a spot that can be used to determine the distance from the surface to the sensors and its inclination relative to the sensors. This first LED also provides data that can be used to offset the effects of natural light.

In another embodiment of the present invention, light from a plurality of LEDs is projected onto a small portion of interest. After that, the camcorder readings for this section are calibrated to determine the distance, tilt and adjusted reflectance.

In order to eliminate the influence of natural light captured by the camcorder, which can distort the readings of reflectivity, the first frame can be obtained by the camcorder with one or more LEDs on. The second frame can be obtained when the LEDs are off, as a result of which data on natural light are obtained. The reflectance difference between the first and second frames can then be subtracted from the reflectance data for the first frame.

Example Experimental Device

Fig. 18 is a perspective view, viewed from the side, of an experimental device 650 that has been designed and manufactured to scan and apply RMA to the skin. This device is significantly larger than a typical portable version intended for sale on the market, since it uses an industrial micro atomizer 652 EFD787MS with an EFD8040 valve controller, which is capable of spraying a wide range of materials under various conditions of the jet during evaluation during testing. This experimental device contained a 654 Unibrain Camera with a lens component # 2043 with a specially made controller board, VGA 640 480 at 30 frames per second, RAW CCD (RAW image file format; CCD, Charge-Coupled Device Charged-coupled device) Sony ICX- 098BQ with remote lens mount, 656 Noua polarizing filter.

19 is a front view of this device showing a large circular polarized filter 656. A set of 12 LEDs 670 with a wavelength in the green part of the spectrum, size 3 mm and characteristics 2000 mcd (cd candela), 20 mA, 3.6 V were placed around the circumference behind the polarizing filter (shown in Fig. 18). Four 672 red lasers with a wavelength of 650 nm and a power of 2.5 mW were installed to project four points on the skin surface so that the relative position of the points could be used to determine the height and tilt of the device.

The spray gun 652 includes a feed cartridge 653 for an RMA composition, a compressed air inlet channel, and a cable connection to a spray controller (not shown) for the spray gun. The composition with RMA is fed through a replaceable needle 674, which protrudes through an opening cut into the polarizing filter. In this example, the length and diameter of the needle can be changed by changing the needles, and air pressure and other parameters of the jet can be adjusted. It is assumed that in devices intended for sale on the market, the number of monitored parameters for the application element will be significantly reduced, since the application element will correspond to the intended composition (s) with RMA. For example, in one of the simple options, the overlay control will simply be an enable signal. In this example, camcorder 654 is mounted at an angle of approximately 30 degrees with respect to the axis of the atomizer. In other embodiments of the present invention, the camcorder and the spray device may be located on the same line. As described below, the software adjusts the image of the camcorder so that the needle and other artifacts from the device are removed from the image.

For operator convenience, the device can be mounted on a Microscribe Arm pointing device with a MicroScribe G2 3D digital converter, or it can be portable.

In this example, the image of the camcorder is transmitted to a computer (not shown) via a cable connection from the camcorder board to the computer. A separate control circuit board (not shown) is also provided for the LEDs, and power is supplied via an external connection. The LED controller is configured to organize the sequential operation of the LEDs in any desired order, or turn on and off all the LEDs at the same time. A device intended for sale on the market can be autonomous and have its own power supply, as well as one or more microprocessors, as a result of which computers and external power supplies are not required.

Fig. 20 is a side view of this device, which shows a camera-specific field of view 655 with respect to the test object. In this example, a trigger switch 68 0 is provided for activating the device. When the trigger is pulled, the device can selectively apply RMA as it moves above the surface.

In this example, the device can be portable or mounted on a 6-axis articulated arm to provide a counterweight that helps the technician move the device over a skin area such as a face, arm, or leg. In one test, with standard cosmetic airbrush formulations, the spray settings of the device were chosen so that approximately 1-2 micrograms per pulse of the total dry weight of the composition was applied. In subsequent tests, this application density was reduced. The number of pulses during individual tests can be tracked and compared with the known number of pulses modeled in the corresponding model for PhotoShop.

11A 11C is a flowchart of a process for controlling the operation of this exemplary device. At 4000, an incoming image is received. In block 4100, the image is calibrated by cropping it in step 4110 and removing the shadows in step 4120. In block 4200, the image is oriented by locating and checking the four red laser reference points in steps 4210 and 4230, and also by determining in step 4240 whether these points within range. In block 4300, additional image orientation is performed by decreasing the resolution in step 4310 to improve processing efficiency and skew correction in step 4320. In block 4400, object or feature detection is performed by applying a median filter in step 4410 using a square section with sides 0.4 inches and applying at 4420 a low pass filter using a 1/15 inch dot. In block 4 500, the device trajectory is calculated using the current image and several previous images by extracting the correlation region in step 4510, calculating the image difference in step 4 52 0 and finding the path in step 4530. In block 4600, it is decided whether to create a jet and when to do this, by reproducing the path in step 4610, finding the maximum intensity on that path in step 4620 and determining whether this maximum intensity exceeds the threshold value for the dark feature nosti in this session of applying a clarifying substance to the skin. Actual jet control is performed at a block 4700, including a step 4710 of sending a jet generation signal to the atomizer. The control program for this experimental device illustrates one of the control methods of the application device of the present invention, and other control schemes may be used. Generally speaking, the control circuit performs smoothing to decide whether to request an overlay event at a particular point in time.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Application of cosmetic substances in several passes using a digitally applied applicator

In this embodiment of the present invention, the eraser brush is manually moved back and forth over the area in several passes in order to continuously scan the attributes of the skin, for example, the degree of its lightness and darkness, in relation to a predetermined threshold value set for cosmetic improvement of the appearance of the skin. An eraser brush automatically applies an RMA, such as a pigment-based cosmetic, until a threshold value is reached. Using multiple passes allows the eraser brush to apply the required amount of RMA in an efficient manner.

When applying a thin RMA layer in several passes, a relatively low resolution can give good results. This type of result is difficult or impossible to achieve by manual application using similar application devices.

This option allows the use of highly differentiated reflectivity modifiers for cosmetics, instead of, for example, the color of the base, close to the color of the skin. For example, light RMA can be applied to dark skin features to lighten them, resulting in less contrast with surrounding areas. After several passes and obtaining several RMA smears from the eraser brush, the skin brightens to the selected degree, and the cosmetic product is no longer applied to these frexels.

For effective application of cosmetics, their applied amount can be calibrated. For example, cosmetics applied from different heights from the surface will have a different overlay profile, for example, in accordance with a Gaussian distribution. 13 shows typical overlay profiles implemented at different heights. Cosmetic applied through the nozzle 72 to the first surface 92, which is relatively close to this nozzle 72, will typically have a first overlay profile 96. On the other hand, a cosmetic applied to a second surface 94, which is further from the nozzle 72, will typically have a second overlay profile 98.

The application of reflectivity modifiers in several passes allows you to apply these modifiers to the site with low concentration strokes until the required reflectivity is achieved. The overlay profile of reflectivity modifiers during a cosmetic procedure does not require absolute accuracy of the reflectance value or the accuracy of the application site, the quantitative characteristics of which could be determined by machine. Instead, the cosmetic profile should be aesthetically pleasing to the human eye.

When setting aesthetic goals, a small change in the direction of the observed improvement often leads to a significant observed improvement. People can perceive the difference in images or parts of images as a function of the square of the difference in intensities.

For example, if the first image has the first intensity of attracting attention, an undesirable characteristic, and the second image has an intensity equal to only half (1/2) of the characteristic of attracting attention, then the second image will appear to the human eye having approximately one quarter (1/4) from the negative characteristics of attracting attention. This is one of the factors that makes possible a significant improvement in appearance in this invention. Reflectivity modifiers can be specially and precisely applied in such a way as to reduce the difference in intensity between zones of human skin. Even with a moderate reduction in skin imperfections, the “appearance” can be significantly improved. For this reason, a single color, in contrast to the use of three colors, or printing with medium resolution compared to printing with high resolution, or partial correction of a defect compared to full correction can provide significant visual correction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, reflectivity modifiers can be applied with an accuracy that is equivalent to the resolution that the human eye has. For example, a resolution of 20 pixels per millimeter at a distance of 10 inches (254 mm) represents approximately 500 dots per inch (20 dots per mm) (dpmm dots per millimeter). This is a practical restriction for the human eye in good light conditions and a sharp, clear contrast between black and white. However, often this high resolution is not necessary, which weakens the technical requirements for a video camera and a printing system.

As can be seen from the above explanation, the eye applies its own interpretation to aesthetic aspects, for example, takes into account the reflectivity of the skin. This fact can be effectively used for cosmetic improvements made in several passes. For example, to make the appearance of the skin more aesthetically pleasing, a smoothing effect can be achieved by leveling the reflectance characteristics of light and dark spots on the skin by applying reflectivity modifiers to filter out the middle spatial frequencies. There is no need to exactly match the absolute reflectance value for each spot. In addition, the application of reflectivity modifiers does not have to be performed exactly within the boundaries of individual spots. Due to the peculiarities of perception by the eye, a general decrease in the contrast of various values of the reflectivity of spots that do not have a specific location may look like a distinct cosmetic improvement.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Application of cosmetic substances using a combination of devices with control of droplet ejection and ink jet application in which digital control is applied

In this embodiment of the present invention, at least one droplet-controlling application device is used in combination with at least one droplet-controlling application device, such as an electrostatic atomizer.

In one example, the nebulizer selectively applies a brightening agent, and the droplet emission control device selectively applies transparent dyes.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Use of natural “eraser-like” movements to predict reflectance readings

In one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of passes during application are performed by manually moving the device. High application speed is achieved through the use of fast reciprocating motion, similar to the movement of an eraser, or in general circular or elliptical motion.

Some principles for using repetitive movement to predict reflectance readings and improve device control are illustrated by the following examples. FIG. 42 is an example of a forward reflectance reading 500 and a reverse reflectance reading 501 for the same travel route. In general, you can teach the user how to use repetitive movement to predict reflectivity and improve the accuracy of RMA overlay.

Example Uniform periodic motion in the same plane within the reflectance range

In this example, the sensor / applicator moves ~ "back and forth between point A and point B, as shown in Fig. 2 8A. In this example, the movement from A to B occurs at a constant speed, then the direction changes to the opposite and the movement from that same constant speed from B to A.

On figv shows the initial reflectivity 200 of the surface as a function of position. In this example, the target smoothed reflectivity 202 (R _T ) is given by a dashed line. The objective of this example is to brighten areas 204 (I), 206 (II) and 208 (III) by adding a brightening agent to these areas.

In this example, there is no error in the measurement of reflectivity, and the cycle period ABA is assumed to be constant.

One approach to performing this brightening is to slowly move the device from point A to point B and apply a brightening agent in areas where the reflectance exceeds the value of R _T. In practice, this approach has several difficulties. When processing, intermittent and easily noticeable edges may occur, or overlapping areas may be noticeable. Calibration may be inaccurate, and errors in the system can lead to reflectivity that differs in one direction or another from the target. Application may be too slow in time to be put into practice.

Another approach when brightening the area between point A and point B is to use “like an eraser” movement by quickly moving the device back and forth between the points. Then the brightening agent is applied in many stages during these movements. Advantages of this approach include less jagged edges, faster application speed and fewer errors.

Measurement / Printing Management Technique

In this example, scan data is received in one direction, and corrective printing is performed when the device is moved in the opposite direction. Other examples may use other scanning and printing technologies.

In this example, the device has at least one accelerometer 210 (not shown) that detects movement and changes in movement. Referring to FIG. 28A, the device knows that the movement began in a positive direction at time t ₀ , that the movement reversed at time t ₁ , and that the movement again reversed at time t ₂ , etc.

In this example, the device defines reflectivity as a function of time as it moves from point A to point B. Then, when the device changes direction, the control logic assumes that it will follow the same route and meet the same reflectivity in the opposite direction . For the purposes of this demonstration, there is no error in this example, as a result of which the device expects to encounter the same time dependence of reflectivity that was detected in the direction from point A to point B.

This expectation can be confirmed when the sensor collects additional data while moving from point A to point B. While the sensors detect the dependence of the reflectivity that is predicted, the device can apply KMA with a high degree of confidence. However, if the actual measured dependence differs from the expected one, then this difference may be considered an error. The error can be used to be more careful when applying RMA.

One of the control techniques in this example is to subtract the error from the real reflectance. If this adjusted value is greater than the target reflectance by a predetermined value, then the RMA will be added. If the sum of these values is less than the target reflectivity, RMA will not be added.

In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one kind of user feedback is provided to indicate when an RMA is applied. As described below, the user can “learn” how to better use the device with this type of feedback.

For example, if the user has not applied RMA for a long time, the device can work quietly and, thus, indicate to the user that repeating the movement may not necessarily be insufficient to determine the required correction with confidence.

In this example, when you move the device back to point A from point B, its control logic will force it to add RMA in approximately areas x ₁ x ₂ , x ₃ x ₄ and x ₅ x ₆ , as shown in FIG. 28C.

For the purposes of this example, it is assumed that the RMA is sprayed with a distribution of 220, as discussed below using figa 29A. For the purposes of this example, this distribution is simplified. In the following examples, it is assumed that there is a two-dimensional distribution during spraying. In this example, the scale is zoomed. In other examples, the application of RMA may be uniform or have different distribution profiles.

Fig is an example of the dependence of reflectivity on distance after the first application of RMA. The graph of this example was obtained by adding pure white pigment to those areas 222, 223 and 224 that need clarification. The amount of RMA applied is specially reduced compared to the calculated amount in order to apply the total amount in several passes.

In this example, the RMA volume is calculated so as to reduce the reflectivity by about 0.1 unit in the middle part.

This simple distribution is chosen to illustrate edge effects.

If the jet feed is turned on and off when the center point x _{C of the} profile is exactly above x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ , etc., regulation is performed as described below.

For the purposes of this example, the real trajectory of the jet or RMA droplets is not taken into account, and it is assumed that the overlay profile is created instantly exactly at the moment of switching on. The example also assumes that the overlay stops exactly at the time of shutdown. In the following examples, the RMA trajectory is predicted, and the on and off points are adjusted based on an adjustment to this ballistic trajectory.

When moving the device in the second cycle ABA, the measurement and control logic is repeated. In the second pass, the region x ₁ x _{2 is} adjusted and does not require additional adjustment. The x ₃ x _{4 region is} narrowed to x ₇ x ₈ , and the x ₅ x _{6 region is} narrowed to x ₉ x ₁₀ . In this example, this process is repeated for seven passes, which allows you to fully complete the entire adjustment. 33 shows the amount of brightening agent that can be applied, as well as the resulting modified reflective region in the region between point A and point B.

One conclusion from this simple example is that it may be desirable to turn the device on and off with some offset relative to real points x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ , etc., as a result of which there is no "enumeration" at these points.

Although a delay can be introduced at x ₁ , it may not be practical to predict x ₂ unless there are any problems with the profile. This history-based forecasting capability is one aspect of moving around an eraser type. Moving earlier through an area, the device can predict readings.

Example Uniform Eraser Movement with Offsets

This example uses the same reflectivity attributes as the first example, but it is assumed that the distance between point A and point B is relatively large.

In this example, as indicated in FIG. 34, three sets of periodic motions are used. The drawing shows a first repeating movement 226, an offset followed by a second second repeating movement 228, then another offset with a third repeating movement 230. In this example, the movement in each area is repeated completely. This type of repetitive movement gives the instantaneous frequency shown in Fig. 35.

Example 3 Non-repeating motion

In this example, the movements in each area 231 and 233 are not completely repeated. The position of the end points A and B in each cycle does not coincide, for example, as shown in Fig. 38.

In previous examples, the readings took place in one direction, followed by the application of RMA when moving the device in the opposite direction. Other management techniques may be used. For example, one of the modifications is a non-systematic skip of a segment, as a result of which the direction of taking readings and scanning periodically changes to the opposite.

Another modification is to take readings throughout the cycle, and then compare the readings and apply RMA during the next cycle.

Ellipsoidal Navigation

In the previous examples, the reciprocating movement of an eraser is considered. Other movements are also possible. Another type of repetitive movement is the ellipsoidal route shown in FIG. 6A.

In an ellipsoidal route, the predicted points at a particular point P1 include the indented point P2 of the full cycle and the indented point of the half cycle indented, as shown in FIG.

Determination of instantaneous frequency

If there is an ordered reciprocating movement, or other repetitive movements, such as an ellipsoidal path, then the instantaneous frequency can be determined.

Fig. 46 shows reflectivity data for the route ABA-A′-B′-A ′ ′, etc. In this case, the predicted route from A ′ to B ′ will be the same as the route AB. As long as the measured reflectance matches that measured on the previous route, you can apply RMA with some degree of confidence.

Using an accelerometer

In one embodiment, the head of the eraser brush includes at least one accelerometer 90 shown in FIG. 12, such as a miniature piezoelectric element, to provide very accurate tracking of fast movements of the eraser brush. This allows appropriate computer hardware, for example, computer chips 80, shown in figure 10 and discussed below, to detect rapid repetitive movement and know its frequency and phase. If the user operates the device as an eraser with fast reciprocating movements, the computer hardware of the eraser brush can adjust to the repeating signal and anticipate the phase in advance, as shown in Fig. 9B, which allows you to initiate the overlay with a sufficient lead to accurately hit the target when the passage of the device above it during its oscillations.

In prediction mode, without the need for training, the brush is likely to be self-learning, which may impair safety. The software will detect two operating modes, the first of which is with slow movements and low variability of the measured reflectivity, in which it will work in real time. The eraser brush will automatically exit this mode at any high acceleration, so as not to overlay the wrong spot. In the second mode of operation, the upcoming cover will be predicted using the above adjustment technique. This mode will be the fastest, since it will cover a slowly moving line, rather than a slowly moving point, which is why this movement is a natural acquired skill when working with an eraser. The eraser brush will automatically exit this mode for any large acceleration outside the boundaries of the oscillation, or if the prediction based on the adjustment does not coincide with the actual measurement, which will happen if the lateral movement becomes too fast. Unable to harm, the user will quickly acquire the skill without learning based on the “sensation”, “visual perception” or “auditory perception” of which movements give the fastest retouching.

Way of functioning

The main steps of the method are shown in Fig. 14, it must be considered with reference to an option in which LEDs, photocells and airbrushing technique are used, as well as an accelerometer, as shown in Figs. 10 and 12.

At step 1000, an RMA is loaded into the device to perform cosmetic enhancements. In one embodiment of the present invention, a highly differentiated RMA is charged to a computer-controlled airbrush having an electronic valve. At 1010, a density level is set so that it indicates the desired density to be achieved on the entire surface to be treated. In one embodiment of the present invention, a threshold density value may be predefined on one or more of the computer chips 80 shown in FIG. 10, which are installed in an eraser brush. In another embodiment of the present invention, the user points the eraser brush to a selected point on the skin and presses the "set" button to enter the density at that point on the skin as the specified density. For example, an eraser brush can be set to a specific tan, for example, weak or strong tan, or different degrees of lightening. In another example, an eraser brush can be set to modify not only the density of light or dark colors, but also modify colors with a different reflectivity. At step 1020, the user quickly sweeps with the eraser brush back and forth, like an eraser, over the treatment area, as shown in FIG. 9A. The computer adjusts to the repeating cycle perceived by the photocell and initiates airbrush strokes based on phase prediction to predict system delays, as shown in FIG. 9B. The piezo accelerometer 90 shown in FIG. 12, which is installed in the eraser brush, helps fine-tuning. When predictability is impaired due to excessive lateral or accidental movement, the computer exits retouching mode to protect against errors. The user gets a natural feeling of retouching defects and, protected by the heuristic behavior of the computer from incorrect actions, quickly learns by feeling how to do it quickly. At 1030, the light sources 2 in the eraser brush shown in FIG. 1 light up, and the sensors 4 determine the reflectance characteristics of the frexels over which the eraser brush passes. In various embodiments of the present invention, the following types of data for individual frexels can be obtained by sensors 4, for example: reflectance for light value and color characteristics; structure for topography, for example, bulges and folds; the difference in the degree of luminosity for one or more frexels; and average lighting. At 1040, when the eraser brush passes over the frexel, which is identified as requiring improvement, it superimposes one or more reflectivity modifiers on the frexel to provide it with the desired color cast. In one embodiment of the present invention, when an eraser brush passes over a skin frexel that is darker than a given density, a very small amount of white pigment is applied. In another embodiment of the present invention, when an eraser brush passes over a skin frexel that is lighter than a given density, a very small amount of dark pigment is applied. In a further embodiment of the present invention, where both light and dark pigments are used, the light pigment can be applied to the dark frexel, and the dark pigment can be applied to the light frexel while passing with the same eraser brush. At 1050, multiple passes are performed to achieve the target density. For example, low concentration cosmetics can be applied to achieve an opacity of 1–5% at each serving. Many passes of the site, as in the case of an electric razor, allow you to completely complete the application, with continuous optimization due to measurements.

After a series of such passes, the applied amount is just enough to modify the reflectance of the frexel to the required density, and with subsequent passes, it is concluded that no additional overlay on this frexel is necessary.

In the process, the device will be perceived as an eraser that vibrates over the skin to erase age spots, varicose veins, as well as other defects and specks. When programming to take into account the angle, it will also partially retouch the bulges and irregularities on the skin. Like an electric razor, it will have self-restraint, and the user will be able to tell by sound and appearance that the work has been completed.

On Fig shows a block diagram of a General control process. At step 3000, the device measures relative movement, for example, using one or more accelerometers. At step 3100, the device analyzes the data of the last cycle. At 3200, the device determines if data repeatability occurs. At step 3300, the device predicts reflectivity based on the repeatability of recent historical data. At 3400, the device determines the error, for example, by subtracting the predicted reflectance from the actual reflectance. At 3500, the actual reflectance reading is corrected for an error, for example, by adding this error. At 3600, the device uses an error-corrected value to decide whether to apply RMA.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Use of LEDs and photodiodes to correctly measure reflectivity to provide digital control of a cosmetic dispenser with droplet management

In this embodiment of the present invention, the droplet-controlling application element, for example, based on inkjet printing technology, is controlled based on data obtained using a combination of LEDs and photodiodes as described above.

In this embodiment of the present invention, an overlay device with droplet management during printing does not produce a finished image. Instead, it is used as a fine art brush with more precise control in a way that helps eliminate overspray onto the area improved by RMA processing. Typically, a droplet emission control device applies paint or dye and is used in the implementation of dimming technologies, which can provide a smoothing or tanning effect.

A device with a jet control typically applies the substance through one nozzle to obtain a Gaussian distribution profile, with a higher concentration of the substance in the center of deposition and a lower concentration of the substance at a distance from the center. In addition, the jet is either turned on or off. When using technical equipment with drop emission control, a large number of drops can be applied simultaneously. For example, a plurality of inkjet heads may be provided, and each head may have tens or hundreds of individual nozzles. Each of the individual nozzles in the inkjet head can be adjusted, and not all of them need to be turned on at one time. As a result, the ink jet head can be actuated so as to obtain a uniform application profile or other profile as desired. Thus, inkjet heads with multiple nozzles typically provide overlays with a significantly higher degree of controllability than jet control devices do.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Stain Treatment Device

In this embodiment of the present invention, the device is moved over one or more specific features of interest to the user, instead of moving over larger areas of skin.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Modeling in PhotoShop ™

PhotoShop provides very powerful modeling capabilities that are used to evaluate various processing techniques, error sensitivity and process parameters.

Generally speaking, this simulation is performed in accordance with the following method:

- Start with a natural and uncorrected image of the skin area in an approximate form, for example, on the face.

- Determine the effect of image shading and create a skin image that is independent of shading.

In the preferred case, work with the green signal channel:

- Determine the "Target" image, for example, using a high-pass filter with a square section with a side of 0.4 inches.

- Determine the “Real” image blurred to the size of the selected spot, for example, spots with a diameter of 1/15 inch.

- Determine the correction "Real Target", which characterizes the high-pass filter and the band-pass filter. In this example, band-pass filtering is performed by two low-pass filters, high-pass filtering is a correction, low-pass filtering is median. Note that this filtration technique will selectively target skin features with medium spatial frequencies, such as age points. These real filtering parameters can be adjusted as desired to compare results with different spot sizes and other parameters.

Determine the RMA or cosmetic "color" to be applied. It may be close to the actual skin color, but in the preferred case, it is very different.

Transform the image correction "Real Target" into the cosmetic space to determine how much cosmetic product is required to convert the Real to Target.

- Apply the selected overlay technique, for example:

- Peaks or local maximums are determined for the areas where the cosmetic should be applied. With this approach, these peaks are targets for overlapping in the first pass. In this example, the selected quantities of RMA will be “applied” to the model.

- View simulated real pulses with a diameter of 1/15 inch. Note that in this model, an error is not specifically introduced when applying RMA. As discussed below, other models simulate an error in the correctness of the overlay, while the results are surprisingly stable.

- If desired, view simulated pulses on a white background or on an enlarged scale.

- Add simulated pulses to the skin image, which was independent of shading.

- Add back shading to make it possible to compare the image corrected in the first pass with the original image.

- Repeat this process, as required, for additional passes.

Example Effect of noise when superimposed on a spot

In this example, modeling in PhotoShop was carried out using different spot sizes and different levels of intentional random error at the spot or “noise” location. In this example, the noise profile is taken as a random source. For each pass, a different source was selected, but the source was unchanged for this pass in subsequent models to compare the results. One of the amazing results of this simulation was that significant gains were achieved after only three passes using RMA with 5% opacity with a noisy 1/15 inch pulse. Although in the end the overlay could not exceed 15% (3 passes with a maximum of 5% per pass), the visual effect was good. Generally speaking, this type of modeling allows us to analyze an acceptable error for various possible spot sizes, amounts of applied substance and number of passes; in particular, as factors related to the effective processing of larger skin features.

Modeling in PhotoShop ™ and MatLab

In this example, the model was refined to make it possible for the user to move the mouse when a region of skin is displayed on the monitor. When the mouse for the first time caused the screen pointer to pass over the area, a corrected image arose that replaced the pixels on the mouse path with the corresponding pixels from the first pass of the PhotoShop model described above. When the mouse caused the screen pointer to pass over the area for the second time, a corrected image appeared that replaced the pixels on the mouse path with the corresponding pixels from the second pass of the PhotoShop model. The endpoint of this simulation, which, however, was impossible choose, in a typical case, the termination of new overlays in the fifth seventh passage. For the most part, the final correction was performed in the third fifth pass. One of the interesting aspects of these models was the effectiveness of the targeted improvement of specific areas of the skin, for example, dark spots, in just a few passes, while for other areas of the skin image correction was insignificant or absent. MatLab ™ procedures were used to track mouse movements and create this model by accessing uncorrected PhotoShop images and PhotoShop images adjusted for the first pass, second pass, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Blending Parameters

This description provides the required RMA overlay parameters related to weight per unit area and percentage of skin area covered.

Mass per unit area

The application densities of cosmetics corresponding to the current level of technology are in the following approximately range:

- 0.8 1.0 mg / sq.cm for liquid foundation;

- 0.4 mg / sq. Cm for powder foundation.

The total concentration of particles with a high refractive index, which in this discussion is chosen to exceed 2.0, is approximately:

- 10 12 percent for liquid foundation;

- 20-25 percent for powder foundation. Thus, the total number of particles with a high degree

the opacity that is applied to the skin is approximately the same for both liquid and powder foundation and is in the range of 0.08 0.15 mg / sq. cm or 80 150 micrograms per square cm.

A preferred range of application densities in this invention is:

- preferably 0.1-40 micrograms / sq.cm;

- more preferably 0.5 to 30 micrograms / cm2; and

- most preferably 1.0 to 20 micrograms / sq. cm. The amazing result is that excellent

masking of tonal imperfections is provided when used within the range of 0.07 to 20% of the amount that is typically applied by a person using the foundation. This low application density is typically characterized by a corresponding low transparency compared to a conventional cosmetic procedure.

Percentage of skin area

In this discussion, “unprotected skin” is defined as any area of the skin greater than 1.0 sq. Mm for which the number of particles with a high refractive index lying on its surface is less than 0.1 micrograms / sq. Cm. This definition is used to distinguish the special application of RMA on some part of a skin area with instant over-spraying from a Gaussian or other distribution when spraying on areas of the skin outside the area of the spot that you intend to cover.

The preferred range of the percentage of skin that is coated with particles with a high refractive index (RI> 2.0) in this invention is:

- preferably less than 40 percent;

- more preferably less than 30 percent; and

- most preferably less than 20 percent.

Figure 2 shows a comparison of the degree of coverage (%), deposited on the x axis, and the density of the application, deposited on the y axis, for the usual procedure 400 using the cosmetics that are the basis, and a typical procedure 410 using an eraser brush. The usual 400 procedure using the foundation cosmetics is shown in the upper right-hand corner of the graph and is characterized by approximately 100% coverage of a skin area with a particle density with a high refractive index of 80 150 micrograms per square centimeter. 100% coverage is assumed for a base cosmetic, while other types of cosmetics added to the base, such as blush, may cover a smaller area. However, in general, some cosmetic product typically covers 100% of exposed skin, for example, face area.

Procedure 410 using an eraser brush shows a curve that runs from the application density of 1 2 0 micrograms per square centimeter of skin for less than 30% of the skin area. The y axis is logarithmic. This drawing is a two-dimensional representation of the differences in how much RMA is applied and where it is applied.

As noted in the discussion below, the distinction between this invention and known cosmetic procedures can also be extended to the third axis along which the type of applied RMA is plotted. Thus, the results are plotted on three axes, namely, “what is applied” (for example, RMA with high luminosity), “where it is applied” (for example, selectively on features with an average spatial frequency) and “how much is applied” (for example , with low transparency or application density), can significantly differ from usual cosmetic practice. Although each of these axes can be selected independently, they complement each other, and the use of all three technologies in combination gives a surprisingly effective result that preserves the natural beauty while applying a minimal amount of cosmetic product.

The devices of this invention can be made in accordance with these preferred ranges of application density to a specific percentage of the area of the skin that is coated with high refractive index particles by preliminarily programming threshold values consistent with these ranges in these devices. Although in some cases the user may prefer to modify this threshold value, such a solution should be carefully considered to avoid deterioration of the appearance-positive results.

One aspect of this approach is the relatively sparse distribution of RMA. A typical procedure in accordance with the present invention is the application of RMA to a relatively small area of features with an average spatial frequency and the absence of applying significant amounts of RMA to other areas. This approach leads to the processing of isolated sites that are surrounded by untreated sites. Such a non-continuous application allows the use of formulations that would otherwise be impractical to use. For example, there are different ways to increase the durability of a cosmetic procedure by modifying existing cosmetic formulations. To the extent that these modifications can be felt by the user, for example, a feeling of greater heaviness or a feeling of a solid mask, the sparseness provided by the present invention makes the use of these alternative formulations more appropriate compared to known overlay technologies and techniques.

The effects of applying a small mass, a small opacity and a thinner application include a more natural look and a more pleasant and natural feeling for the user. One of the results of the presence of these factors is the possibility of expanding the traditional market of color cosmetics by offering subtle cosmetic procedures to men, children and women who either do not use traditional cosmetics or use these products sparingly. Another result of these factors is the ability to provide effective solutions for areas other than the face, for example, arms, legs and upper torso.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION - Highly Differentiated RMA

This description provides the required RMA luminosity properties for the case of highly differentiated RMA.

Example Highly Differentiated RMA

On figa shows the color wheel 450 Munsell. This drawing shows the three axes of the color wheel. Hue 452 is plotted around the perimeter of this circle and includes transitions through the main colors and combinations, such as yellow, yellow-red, red, red blue, etc. On the vertical axis 453 between Black 454 and White 456 there is a “value”, also called “luminosity” in this description. For example, for a reddish hue, pink will be high luminosity and maroon will be lower luminosity. "Intensity" or hue strength is plotted on the X axis, indicated by 4 60.

On figv depicts sector 460 circle Munsell. In this example, the sector is a typical reddish-orange tint of human skin and contains an approximate area of 470 African skin, an area of 472 Caucasian skin and an approximate world average hue of 474 skin colors. As indicated in the drawing, there may be some differences in hue and intensity between different demographic groups, but the difference in “meaning” or “luminosity” is predominant. This sector illustrates a range from a low saturation of 480 colors (Gray) on the left side to a high saturation of 482 reddish-orange on the right side. Areas of human skin are usually located near the middle of the sector in terms of color intensity. In this example, the “value” or “luminosity” can be a value between 0 and 1, or a value between 0% and 100%, or, for the digital imaging area, a value between 0 and 255. The hue usually has a value between 0 degrees and 360 degrees.

On figs shows the region 472 of the typical skin color of Caucasians and the region 478 of typical dark skin features, such as age points. In this example, which is typical, the region 478 of dark skin features has approximately the same saturation, or relative distance, along the green / orange-red axis, as skin color. The correction vector 47 9 shown in FIG. 15C is the desired correction for changing the appearance of a dark skin feature, such as an age spot, to the appearance of the surrounding skin. In a typical cosmetic procedure, a 481 foundation will be applied to bring the color saturation and luminosity closer to the age spot and the surrounding skin. In contrast, the present invention allows the use of a highly differentiated RMA 483, which is selectively applied to a skin feature. Thus, significantly less RMA can be used in the present invention than in the case of a conventional cosmetic coating technique, for example, the widespread use of a liquid or powder foundation.

In this example, a highly differentiated RMA is selected to be in a region 483 that extends along the length 484 of the correction vector 479 and is close to the upper right line 485. This line 485 represents 100% saturation in the red channel. Thus, the selected RMA will look pinkish red and will have greater luminosity than the target skin. By choosing an RMA that is closer to red saturation, less RMA is required compared to the traditional cosmetic choice. Typically, a highly differentiated RMA will have 85% or higher saturation in the red channel.

In this example, the ability to selectively and accurately apply reflectivity modifiers allows you to select an RMA that has significantly greater luminosity than the target skin, and even less material is required to perform the required correction. As discussed below for tests using PhotoShop and laboratory tests on the skin, an unexpected result of this invention is how much greater reliability it provides with regard to factors such as spot size, jet distribution, and proper RMA placement. For example, the result of one of the models discussed below was a demonstration of surprisingly good visual results in the case of peak RMA opacity of less than 15%. One of the points in this result is that highly differentiated RMA is very effective.

In this example, a highly differentiated RMA with a region of 4 83, which was selected for Caucasian skin, will also work effectively for darker African skin. However, in some cases, it may be desirable to choose an RMA that is closer to the desired skin luminosity. Some of the Asian skin types, such as Chinese, often have a shade with more yellow or orange than Caucasian skin, but less intensity. Some of the Caucasian skin types may be “white” (low intensity) or to some extent pink (higher intensity). A highly differentiated cosmetic product preferably follows a hue and color intensity, even though there is a difference in luminosity. The typical highly differentiated RMA for these different shades and intensities of skin color corresponds to the same approach that is outlined in this example - the choice of RMA for approximately the same hue and intensity and with a significantly higher luminosity.

Color Correction for Features

Note that if the “defect” is red, then the extrapolation by the straight line of the correction vector is still observed, but it directs the color of the highly differentiated cosmetic product to a lower intensity of red, maybe even through the center line in blue. Varicose veins, which are blue, may require a greater intensity of red. Thus, ideally, when applying for printing, two or more reflectivity modifiers or cosmetics with varying color intensities or shades will be used. This combination of two or more reflectivity modifiers makes it possible to make a more reliable or combined choice when applying highly differentiated reflectivity modifiers for specific attributes of a skin attribute.

Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been depicted and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes may be made and various other modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (19)

1. A device for selectively applying a reflectivity modifier to a skin site when moving over this skin area, comprising:
- an applicator configured to selectively apply one or more reflectivity modifiers to frexels in a skin region, and
- a computer that is connected to the applicator, configured to carry out steps comprising:
- determination of the attributes of the set of frexels in the skin area based on the input of data provided by one or more sensors;
- identification of at least one feature of the average spatial frequency of the skin area based on the attributes;
determining the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier (RMA) for applying to the feature of the average spatial frequency of the skin area, while the highly differentiated reflectivity modifier (RMA) is an RMA that has a higher luminosity than the indicated skin area;
- determination of overlay control parameters based on the specified amount required; and
- instructing the applicator to selectively apply a highly differentiated reflectance modifier (RMA) to the mean spatial frequency of the skin region based on the specified overlay control parameters to provide an opaque layer, highly differentiated RMA, which attenuates the reflection from the mean spatial frequency attribute. 2. The device according to claim 1, which is moved by hand over a skin area. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier (RMA) for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises:
- provide a predefined level of density;
- determine the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier to be applied to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area in accordance with the attributes of many frexels and the aforementioned predetermined density level. 4. The device according to claim 1, in which the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- determine the average density for the skin area and
- determine the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier to be applied to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area in accordance with the attributes of many frexels and said average density for the skin area. 5. The device according to claim 1, which further comprises:
- a lot of lighting;
at least one video camera and
- a filter with circular polarization, and where the aforementioned definition of the attributes of many frexels in the skin area further comprises the following:
- receive at least one image in the video camera using at least part of the lighting means that perform the backlight; and
- analyze said image to determine skin attributes for said plurality of frexels. 6. The device according to claim 5, in which the aforementioned set of lighting means is a light emitting diode, creating a backlight with a wavelength in the green part of the spectrum. 7. The device according to claim 5, wherein said image analysis for determining attributes for a plurality of frexels further comprises at least one of the following:
- determine the reflectivity of said set of frexels and
- determine the surface structure of the aforementioned set of frexels. 8. The device according to claim 1, which further comprises:
- many light emitting diodes and
- a lot of photodiode sensors, and where the aforementioned definition of the attributes of many frexels in the skin area further comprises the following:
- organize the sequential operation of light emitting diodes through a variety of combinations of backlight states;
- get at least one sensor reading for each combination of backlight conditions; and
- analyze the readings of the sensors to determine the attributes for said set of frexels. 9. The device of claim 8, where the aforementioned definition of the attributes of many frexels in the skin area further comprises the following:
- provide calibration of the device to take into account the height of this device relative to the skin area and its inclination relative to the skin area;
- receive a sensor reading for each combination of backlight conditions;
- determine the height of the device relative to the skin area and the inclination of the device relative to the skin area and
- determine the attributes in accordance with the calibration of the device, as well as the height and inclination of the device. 10. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- determine the required amount of the first reflectivity modifier so that this modifier is lighter than the mentioned feature of the average spatial frequency of the skin area; and
- determine the required amount of the second reflectivity modifier so that this modifier is darker than the mentioned feature of the average spatial frequency of the skin area. 11. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- determine the total required amount of reflectivity modifier applied in many passes; and
- allocate part of the total required amount of reflectivity modifier for one pass. 12. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- decide to impose the specified reflectivity modifier on the signs of the skin with an average spatial frequency. 13. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned decision to impose a highly differentiated reflectivity modifier on skin features with an average spatial frequency further comprises the following:
- decide to apply the specified reflectivity modifier to at least one of the following: age spots, circles, veins and bulges. 14. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- determine the total amount of the composition with a reflectivity modifier so that the deposition density of particles with a high refractive index contained in the composition is in the range from 0.1 to 40 micrograms per square centimeter of the skin area. 15. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required amount of highly differentiated reflectivity modifier for applying to the sign of the average spatial frequency of the skin area further comprises the following:
- decide to apply particles with a high refractive index to less than 40 percent of the skin area. 16. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required parameters control overlay further comprises the following:
- determine when to trigger an overlay event. 17. The device according to claim 1, where the aforementioned definition of the required parameters control overlay further comprises the following:
- determine the duration of the overlay event. 18. The device according to claim 1, additionally containing:
- applying element with droplet emission control. 19. The device according to claim 1, in which the steps further comprise the following:
- determine whether data repeatability occurs;
- predict reflectivity based on said data repeatability;
- determine the difference between the predicted reflectivity and real reflectivity;
- calculate the value corrected for the error by adding the mentioned difference between the predicted reflectivity and real reflectivity to real reflectivity; and
- use the aforementioned error corrected value to decide whether to apply the reflectivity modifier.

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