RU2499896C1 - Method for start-up of hydrogen steam turbine power plant and device for its realisation (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method to start-up a hydrogen steam turbine power plant is based on blowdown of cavities and manifolds with neutral gas, stagewise supply of fuel and water components into a power plant, according to the first version of the invention, the start-up is carried out at the lower consumption rate of fuel components, not more than 80% of the rated one, in process of start-up the steam flow via the turbine is regulated, changing capacity at the output shaft, and when the nominal mode is achieved, additional fuel and water components are supplied. Besides, supply of additional fuel and water components, contrary to the first version, may be arranged as regulated. Devices are also proposed for realisation of the methods according to the first and second versions.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase durability by reduction of thermal stresses in a structure during start-up with short time of process stabilisation.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, namely to combined cycle power plants.

Currently, an important problem in the creation and operation of power plants is to ensure reliable start-up with a short exit time to the mode (no more than 30 s) while maintaining high reliability and durability.

Known combined-cycle plant (see RF patent No. 2142565, IPC F01K 23/10, according to the application No. 96108097 of 04/18/1996), including a gas turbine installation with an electric generator and a steam source, and a method for starting it, based on the phased supply of fuel and water to a power plant.

Known steam power plant containing a steam engine, an output shaft that is connected to an electric machine, a control system (see RF patent No. 2144984, IPC F01C 1/16, according to the application No. 97122296/06 of 12.30.1997), and the method its launch, based on the phased supply of fuel and water to the power plant.

A power plant is known comprising a steam engine kinematically connected to an electric generator, the steam engine being made in the form of a high-temperature steam and gas generator, for example, oxygen-hydrogen, at the output of which a turbopump unit is installed, the output shaft of which is kinematically connected with the electric generator and / or water pump (see patent RF №2393358, IPC F01K 16/02, according to the application №2009102132 dated 10.26.2010 - prototype), and a method for starting a hydrogen steam-turbine power plant based on blowing cavities and highways neutral gas, phased supply of fuel and water components to a power plant.

The disadvantages of the known devices are either a long start-up (up to 12 hours), carried out with the aim of gradually bringing the structure to a stationary temperature regime to reduce thermal stresses and increase durability, or fast (up to 30 s) start-up with increased thermal stresses and a decrease in durability.

The aim of the invention is to increase durability by reducing thermal stresses in the structure at startup with a short exit time to the mode.

This goal is achieved by the fact that with the known method of starting a hydrogen steam-turbine power plant, based on purging cavities and highways with neutral gas, stage-by-stage supply of fuel and water components to a power plant, according to the first embodiment of the invention, the start-up is carried out at a reduced consumption of fuel components, not more than 80% of the nominal , during the start-up process they regulate the steam flow through the turbine, changing the power on the output shaft, and when reaching the nominal mode, additional fuel and water components are supplied .

In addition, the supply of additional fuel and water components, unlike the first option, can be made adjustable.

The method according to I embodiment is carried out in a device including a steam generator, an ignitor, a turbo drive, a neutral gas purge system and a fuel and water component supply system, in which according to the invention additional throttling devices are installed along the fuel and water component supply line, an adjustable choke is installed between the steam generator and the turbo drive steam bypass, and directly at the inlet of the turbo actuator an emergency steam relief valve is installed.

In addition, to implement the second variant of the method, additional adjustable throttle devices can be installed in the device instead of additional throttling devices.

The specified set of features exhibits new properties, namely, that it becomes possible to reduce thermal stresses by starting through a preliminary mode with a lower temperature in the steam generator, which reduces heat transfer on the elements of the turbo drive and thus leads to an increase in the durability of the structure. In addition, the use of the specified method of starting allows due to the phased (step) heating of the structure to reduce the start time.

Schematic diagram of a power plant is shown in the figures of figure 1 (option I) and figure 2 (option II) - where:

1 - steam generator;

2 - ignition device;

3 - mixing head;

4 - a combustion chamber with a cooling jacket;

5 - mixer;

6 - ignition unit;

7 - turbo drive;

8 - a wheel or wheels of a turbine;

9 - load device;

10 - valve for supplying a flow of gaseous hydrogen to the ignition device;

11 - valve for the preliminary flow of hydrogen gas into the combustion chamber of the steam generator;

12 - valve for supplying an additional flow rate of gaseous hydrogen to the combustion chamber of the steam generator;

13 - throttling device for the flow of gaseous hydrogen into the combustion chamber of the steam generator of the nominal mode;

14 - valve supplying the flow of gaseous oxygen to the ignition device;

15 - valve supplying a preliminary flow rate of gaseous oxygen into the combustion chamber of the steam generator;

16 - valve supplying an additional flow rate of gaseous oxygen to the combustion chamber of the steam generator;

17 - a throttling device for the flow of gaseous oxygen into the combustion chamber of the steam generator of the nominal mode;

18 - valve for supplying water to the preliminary flow to the mixing head;

19 - valve for supplying water to the preliminary flow rate into the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket;

20 - valve for supplying water to the preliminary flow to the mixer;

21 - throttling device for the flow of water into the mixing head of the nominal mode;

22 - valve for supplying an additional flow of water to the mixing head;

23 - throttling device for the flow of water into the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket of a nominal mode;

24 - valve for supplying an additional flow of water to the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket;

25 - throttling device for the flow of water into the mixer nominal mode;

26 - valve for supplying water to the preliminary flow to the mixer;

27 - an adjustable throttle flow rate of gaseous hydrogen into the combustion chamber of the steam generator of the nominal mode;

28 - adjustable throttle flow rate of gaseous oxygen into the combustion chamber of the steam generator of the nominal mode;

29 - regulator of the flow of water into the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket of a nominal mode;

30 - regulator of water flow into the mixer of the nominal mode;

31 - a container with oil;

32 - oil supply valve;

33 - valve for supplying neutral gas to the cavity of the bearings of the rotor of the turboprop;

34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 - valves for the supply of neutral gas to purge the cavities of the power plant;

41 - steam supply throttle past a turbo drive;

42 - valve emergency release steam.

The power plant includes a high-temperature oxygen-hydrogen steam generator 1, consisting of an ignition device 2, a mixing head 3, a combustion chamber with a cooling jacket 4, a mixer 5, and an ignition unit 6. A turbo drive 7 including turbine wheels 8 is installed at the output of the steam generator 1, and kinematically associated load device 9.

To the steam generator 1 are connected the supply lines to the ignition device, to the combustion chamber of the preliminary and additional flow rate of hydrogen gas, which include valves 10, 11 and 12, the throttling device of the preliminary stage mode and the throttling device of the nominal mode 13. The supply lines are also connected to the steam generator 1 on the ignition device, into the combustion chamber of the preliminary and additional flow rate of gaseous oxygen, including valves 14, 15 and 16, respectively pre-stage mode oscillating device and nominal mode throttling device 17. For cooling the steam generator 1 and organizing the process of steam generation, the preliminary water flow lines to the mixing head 3 with a throttling device and valve 18 are connected to it, a combustion chamber with a cooling jacket 4 with a throttling device and a valve 19, a mixer 5 with a throttling device and a valve 20. Also, to reach the nominal mode, supply lines are connected to the steam generator 1 additional water flow in: mixing head 3 with a throttling device 21 and a valve 22, a combustion chamber with a cooling jacket 4 with a throttling device 23 and a valve 24, a mixer 5 with a throttling device 25 and a valve 26.

The throttling devices for supplying additional costs of gaseous hydrogen 13 and oxygen 17 for the output of the power plant to the nominal mode can be replaced with adjustable chokes 27 and 28, respectively, and the throttling devices 23 and 25 for supplying additional costs of water to the combustion chamber with a cooling jacket 4 and mixer 5 of the steam generator 1 - to the regulators 29 and 30, respectively (see figure 2).

The lubrication of the bearings of the rotor of the turbo-drive 7 of the power plant is carried out along the oil supply line from the tank 31 with the valve 32. The supply of neutral gas to the cavity of the bearings of the rotor of the turbo-drive 7 is carried out through the line through the valve 33.

The purge of the cavities of the power plant before starting to remove explosive gases takes place along the neutral gas supply lines through throttling devices and valves 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40.

A throttle 41 is provided in the steam supply line past the turbo drive 7.

After the steam generator 1, in front of the turbo 7, an emergency steam relief valve 42 is installed.

The launch of a hydrogen steam-turbine power plant begins with a purge of its cavities along the supply lines of hydrogen, oxygen and water with open valves 34, 37, 38, 39, 40 supplying a neutral gas, such as nitrogen. Then, the valve 33 for supplying neutral gas to the cavity of the bearings of the rotor of the turbo-drive 7 opens for the entire operation of the power plant. Next, the valve 32 is opened and the oil from the tank 31 is fed to the lubrication of the bearings of the rotor of the turbo drive 7.

Exit to the preliminary stage of operation occurs with the start of the steam generator 1, the components in which are ignited using the ignition device 2.

The electric firing device 2 is based on the electroplasma method of initiating the combustion process. When starting, the neutral gas supply valves 35 and 36 are opened for purging the oxygen and hydrogen lines of the ignition device, respectively. Then, power is supplied to the ignition unit 6 and the valve 14 for supplying gaseous oxygen to the ignition device 2 opens into the cavity under the EDM plug and then into the combustion chamber of the ignition device; valve 36 closes and purge of the oxidizer line of the ignition device stops. After that, the valve 10 opens, and hydrogen gas enters the ignition device 2 into the exit zone of active oxygen (plasma) from under the spark erosion plug, where it ignites; the valve 35 closes and the purge of the hydrogen line of the ignition device stops.

Next, the valves 18, 19, 20 open and water with a preliminary flow rate is supplied for curtain and regenerative cooling and for ballasting to the mixing head 3, the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber 4 and the mixer 5 of the steam generator 1, respectively. The valves 38, 39, 40 are closed and the purge of the power plant cavities along the water supply lines is stopped.

Next, the valve 11 for supplying gaseous hydrogen to the combustion chamber of the steam generator 1 opens and the purge valve 34 closes. After a short period of time, the valve for supplying gaseous oxygen 15 to the combustion chamber of the steam generator 1 opens, the valve for purging 37 closes. The resulting hot gases flowing from the ignition device 2 are ignited fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the steam generator 1.

After the start of the fire process, the steam generator 1, the turbo drive 7 and the load device 9 go into the preliminary stage mode. The steam generator 1 produces high-temperature water vapor, which enters the turbo drive 7 and spins the wheel or wheels of the turbine 8 with a rotor. From the rotor of the turbo-drive 7, the torque is transmitted to the load device 9, which, for example, can be an electric generator and / or a water pump.

Then, the valve 14 is closed and the supply of gaseous oxygen to the ignition device 2 is stopped, the purge valve 36 of the oxidizer line of the ignition device is opened and the voltage is removed from the ignition unit 6. Gaseous hydrogen enters through the valve 10 to the ignition device 2 to cool it throughout the entire operation of the power plant.

Upon reaching the nominal operation mode of the power plant, valves 22, 24, 26 open, after which the water flow rate to the mixing head 3, the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber 4 and the mixer 5 of the steam generator 1 are increased by the flow rate through the throttling devices 21, 23, and 25, respectively, and the water flow rate reaches a value in nominal mode. The purge valve 36 of the oxidizer line of the igniter closes.

Then, the valve 12 opens and the flow of hydrogen gas to the mixing head 3 of the steam generator 1 increases by the flow rate through the throttling device 13. Next, the valve 16 opens and the flow of gaseous oxygen also increases by the flow rate through the throttling device 17.

In order to regulate the flow of steam to the turbo 7, a throttle 41 for passing steam past it is provided.

In case of emergency, an emergency steam relief valve 38 is provided in front of the turbo drive 42.

When starting the power plant, when the supply of additional components of fuel and water is regulated, the throttle supply of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen 27 and 28, respectively, and the regulators 29 and 30 of the water supply to the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber 4 and the mixer 5 of the steam generator 1, respectively, are set to the minimum flow rate.

Upon reaching the nominal operation mode of the power plant, valves 24, 26 are opened, after which the water flow into the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber 4 and the mixer 5 of the steam generator 1 are increased by the minimum flow rate through the regulators 29 and 30. Next, the valves 12 and 16 are opened, and the flow rate of hydrogen gas and oxygen increases by the minimum settings of the chokes 27 and 28, respectively.

After that, commands are sent to the actuators of the regulators 29, 30 and chokes 27, 28, which bring the power plant to the nominal mode and provide regulation of the necessary flow rates of the fuel and water components during operation.

Otherwise, the launch of the power plant, when the supply of additional components of fuel and water is carried out in a controlled manner, is similar to the start-up with uncontrolled supply of additional components of fuel and water.

Thus, through the use of the invention, the durability of the structure at startup with a short exit time to the main mode is increased.

Claims (4)

1. The method of starting a hydrogen steam-turbine power plant, based on purging cavities and highways with neutral gas, phased supply of fuel and water components to a power plant, characterized in that the start-up is carried out at a reduced consumption of fuel components, not more than 80% of the nominal one, during the start-up process they control the flow steam through the turbine, changing the power on the output shaft, and when reaching the nominal mode, additional fuel and water components are supplied. 2. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a steam generator, an ignitor, a turbo drive, a neutral gas purge system, and a fuel and water component supply system, characterized in that additional throttling devices are installed along the fuel and water component supply line between the steam generator and the turbo drive An adjustable steam bypass throttle is installed, and an emergency steam relief valve is installed directly at the turbo inlet. 3. A method of starting a hydrogen steam-turbine power plant, based on purging cavities and highways with neutral gas, stage-by-stage supply of fuel and water components to a power plant, characterized in that the start-up is carried out at a reduced consumption of fuel components, not more than 80% of the nominal one, during the start-up process they regulate the flow steam through the turbine, changing the power on the output shaft, and when reaching the nominal mode, additional fuel and water components are regulated. 4. The device for implementing the method according to claim 3, comprising a steam generator, an ignitor, a turbo drive, a neutral gas purge system, and fuel and water component supply systems, characterized in that additional adjustable throttle devices are installed along the fuel and water component supply line, between the steam generator and an adjustable steam bypass throttle is installed in the turbo drive, and an emergency steam relief valve is installed directly at the turbo drive inlet.

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