RU2497797C2 - Detonator with electronic delay for shock-wave tube (swt) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of high-accuracy systems of detonation, detonators with electronic delay and can be applied in composition of non-electric systems of detonation, systems of initiation based on shock-wave tubes (SWT), in initiation of detonation systems for carrying out blasting operations in mining industry, soldering, mass salute pyrotechnics, MES and others. Highly accurate detonator with electronic delay for SWT consists of case closed from one side, from other side connected to chock-wave tube, circuit of time delay, condenser, igniter and electromagnetic generator, placed between outlet of shock-wave tube and inlet of time delay circuit. Generator includes cover, frame, permanent magnet and coils, coiled on frame.

EFFECT: invention is directed at obtaining inexpensive, reliable, hermetic, safe under influence of shocks and vibration, unreceptive to electromagnetic noises, programmed detonator of digital delay, which is activated by wave-conductor impulses.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to detonators with electronic delay and can be used as part of non-electric blasting systems based on shock wave tubes (UVT), when initiating blasting systems for blasting in the mining industry, military affairs, mass fireworks, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc. P.

An example of safe systems for generating time delays during initiation is US Patent No. 5,133,257 of July 28, 1992, which proposes a non-electric initiation system with electronic detonators with a pre-set delay time, in which each electronic detonator includes a non-electric energy converter from the communication line into the electrical energy needed to power the time delay circuit and initiate the explosive. An embodiment of the patent is proposed in which the initiation system is built on the basis of a shock wave tube, and the detonator contains a piezoelectric transducer that generates an electric pulse sufficient to charge the capacitor to the voltage required for the electronic delay circuit and the initiation of explosive. Known devices for creating accurate retardation intervals using electronic detonators with electronic retardation (US Pat. in the range from 0 to 20 s. Also known devices according to patents Nos. DE 4427296/0 A1 and US 6814005 B1, containing galvanic cells as power sources for the delay and initiation unit.

Closest to the proposed is a digital delay detonator, US invention No. 5,173,569 of 12.22.1992, which describes an electronic detonator for non-electric communication systems, comprising a cylindrical conductive housing that is closed at one end and attached to the shock wave tube at the other end, booster charge, piezoelectric transducer, time delay circuit, combat capacitor, igniter. The energy of the shock wave tube initiates a booster charge, which, when exploded, acts on the piezoelectric transducer to produce electrical energy directed to power the time delay circuit and the capacitor charge. The delay circuit, after the delay time has passed, gives a signal to initiate the igniter with energy stored in the capacitor. The piezoelectric transducer contains 84 flat plates with a thickness of 20 μm, arranged in series with the same poles to each other with parallel electrical connection. This design of the piezoelectric transducer is necessary to obtain an electric pulse of the required power and voltage to ensure the operation of the delay circuit with a maximum delay of 10 s and the initiation of the igniter. A booster charge is necessary to amplify the signal of the shock wave tube, the possibility of using a waveguide with a low velocity of propagation of the shock wave, and to ensure a stable force exerted on the piezoelectric transducer regardless of the spread of the tube parameters. Despite the fact that nineteen years have passed since the publication of the example and this patent, non-electric initiation systems with electronic detonators with an exact time delay have not been mass-produced. This is due to the fact that the detonator with a piezoelectric transducer has a very complex structure and high price. A multilayer piezoelectric generator is difficult to automatic assembly and has a very high complexity of manufacturing. The components of a piezoelectric generator, in particular piezoelectric disks, silver electrodes are also quite expensive. The need to add a booster charge to the design also increases the cost of the detonator and makes it susceptible to mechanical shocks, which can lead to uncontrolled operation of the booster charge and detonator.

The purpose of the claimed design and technological solution is to create an inexpensive, popular, reliable, tight, safe, programmable digital delay detonator, which is activated by a waveguide pulse.

The claimed design and technological solution differs from the previous ones in the construction of the detonator, in which the booster charge and the piezoelectric transducer are not used, and the pulse directly from the shock wave tube is converted into the electric current of the capacitor charge using an electromagnetic generator.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of an electronically delayed detonator containing an electromagnetic generator having a low cost due to the use of inexpensive components of a poorly developed automated technology for manufacturing inductors. The detonator is safe when exposed to shock and vibration, since in order to obtain a signal sufficient for the detonator to operate from the generator, it is necessary to accelerate the moving element of the generator to a high speed, which is practically impossible without initiating a shock wave tube. The detonator is immune to electromagnetic interference, since it contains a conductive housing, the inductance of the generator is zero due to the fact that the generator has an even number of coils connected in series and wound in different directions.

The technical result is achieved due to the design of a high-precision detonator, where the electromagnetic generator, time delay circuit and igniter are made in the form of a single module - electronic module (MEL). Such a design in the form of a monoblock is very convenient, since the manufacture of the electronic part of the device and the final assembly, including filling with explosive, must be carried out at various specialized industries.

The goal of the claimed invention is solved due to the fact that a high-precision detonator with electronic delay consists of a sleeve that is closed on one side and connected to the shock wave tube on the other hand, a time delay circuit, a capacitor, an igniter and an electromagnetic generator located between the shock wave tube and time delay circuit.

The device is shown in figure 1, where: 1 - sleeve, 2 - secondary explosive, 3 - cup, 4 - primary explosive, 5 - safety sleeve, 6 - igniter with explosive, 7 - time delay circuit, 8 - electromagnetic generator, 9 - shock wave tube, 10 - sleeve.

The electromagnetic generator (8), the time delay circuit with a capacitor (7), the igniter (6) are made in the form of a single MEL module, which is shown in figure 2, and the time delay circuit is covered with a casting compound, which also rigidly connects the electromagnetic generator, a time delay circuit with a capacitor and an igniter, at the location of the electromagnetic generator the module is closed by a cover made of electrical steel.

Disclosure of the invention lies in the fact that the electromagnetic generator (figure 3) converts the pulse from the shock wave tube (UHT) (9) into an electric current, contains a case (11) made of electrical steel, a frame (12) made of dielectric material, a permanent magnet (13) cylindrical with axial magnetization and coils (14) wound around the frame so that the axis of the coils and frame coincide. To fix the magnet in the initial position, use the flange (16) made of electrical steel. To connect the generator to the time delay circuit, conclusions (15) are used. The frame has an internal cavity with a diameter equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the magnet. The number of coils must be even so that the inductance of the generator is close to zero, and the detonator is insensitive to external electromagnetic interference. By increasing the length of the electromagnetic generator by increasing the number of coils, you can charge the capacitor to a higher voltage and, therefore, store more energy on the capacitor until the speed of the magnet passing through the last coil begins to decrease due to mechanical and electromagnetic braking and overcoming air pressure . Using more magnets, coils and rings of electrical steel between the coils, which, when the magnet moves, closes the magnetic circuits through each coil, it is possible to increase the generator efficiency and the voltage across the capacitor.

There is an improved design of the detonator, shown in figure 4, in which: 1 - sleeve, 10 - sleeve, 17 - MEL, where the generator cover has a length slightly greater than the length of the generator, and the outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner larger diameter of the detonator sleeve, so that the generator rests on the inner ledge of the sleeve with its end part, which allows to reduce the impact of the shock wave from the waveguide on the time delay circuit, which includes many electronic components. In the generator itself, instead of one, two or more coaxial magnetized magnets are used, arranged by the same poles to each other and interconnected through a gasket.

The device operates as follows. When the detonator is initiated, the shock wave through the hole in the flange from the shock wave tube (9) acts on the moving element (permanent magnet) (13) of the electromagnetic generator (8), forcing it to move. The magnet, accelerating, moves along the channel of the frame (12). When the magnet enters the first coil (14), the magnetic flux through the coil increases and an emf occurs, when the magnet moves away from the first coil, the magnetic flux passing through it decreases and an emf occurs reverse polarity. At the same time, the magnet approaches the second coil, the magnetic flux passing through it increases, and an emf occurs. the same sign as in the first coil, since the coils are wound in different directions. Due to the fact that the coils are connected in series, the voltage from the two coils is added and the signal is approximately doubled. Then, having passed the second coil, the magnet begins to move away from it, and an emf appears in the coil opposite polarity. Due to the fact that the cavity inside the frame is not through, the air in the path of the magnet is compressed, leading to a decrease in the speed of the magnet to zero when it reaches the inner surface of the cavity. Due to this, the effect of the shock wave from the braking of the magnet on the detonator and, in particular, on the electronic delay circuit is reduced (7). Figure 5 presents a diagram of the voltage at the output of the generator. Figure 6 presents the voltage curve across the capacitor. With an increase in the number of coils, the number of half-periods of voltage at the generator terminals increases. An emf is created in the generator sufficient for charging the capacitor and the operation of the time delay circuit, which is shown in Fig. 7. Using the diode bridge VD1-VD4, the voltage is rectified from the electromagnetic generator of electrical energy. Energy is stored in capacitors C1 and C2. Capacitors C1 and C2 also form a voltage divider, from the lower arm of which voltage is supplied to the stabilizer D1. Stabilized voltage is used to power the D2 microcontroller. External generator G1 is the source of the reference frequency and is used to calibrate the internal low-frequency generator of the microcontroller. The temperature sensor VK1 is used to measure the temperature of the module. The sensor value VK1 is used for temperature calibration of the frequency of the generator G1. The electronic key VT2 is used to switch the igniter RH. After the delay time, the capacitor, consisting of a pair of capacitors C1 and C2, is discharged on the igniter, which drives the explosive, which completes the operation of the device.

Industrial application consists in creating a reliable high-precision detonator in a widely used non-electric initiation system with a given time digital delay of the device. The use of the finished device is possible in the mining industries, where a shock wave tube has long been used.

Claims (6)

1. Detonator with electronic moderation for a shock wave tube (UHT), consisting of a sleeve with an electronic module, an igniter and explosive in it, characterized in that the detonator contains an electromagnetic generator that converts the energy of explosive decomposition products into electrical energy, which includes a cover, a frame, a permanent magnet of a cylindrical shape with axial magnetization and two coils wound in different directions and connected in series on the frame so that the axis of the coils and the frame sa match. 2. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains more than two coils of an even number, wound in different directions and connected in series. 3. The detonator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are rings between the coils, which, when the magnet moves, close the magnetic circuits through each coil. 4. The detonator according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains two and / or more magnets magnetized coaxially and located by the same poles to each other and interconnected through a gasket. 5. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a sleeve with a transition diameter from larger to smaller. 6. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a generator cover longer than the generator with an outer diameter smaller than the inner larger diameter of the detonator sleeve, due to which the generator abuts against the inner ledge of the sleeve with its end part.

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