RU2497716C2 - Structural element and method of its fabrication - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to load-bearing units and structures, particularly, to aircraft, submarines, ships, railway cars and storage tanks. Load-bearing structure element comprises shell and several helical turns of hollow frames arranged at definite spacing on said shell and made of woven band impregnated with binder. Woven band is wound on hollow metal frame. The latter is jointed with said shell. Hollow frames are secured to said shell and interconnected by woven band impregnated with binder wound on said frames and at spacings between turns at their lower part. Prefabricated hollow frames are arranged between helical turns and perpendicular thereto at preset spacing there between. Said circular turns of every nest layer are shifted relative to those of previous layer by 0.5 of turn pitch. Woven base of coarse calico for outer shell is paced on tops of said frames whereat metal sheet is placed.

EFFECT: higher circular stiffness, lower material input.

14 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power structures and products where strength, lightness and manufacturability are required. First of all, these are aircraft, submarines, sea and river vessels, as well as large-capacity storage tanks for various products, railway passenger cars and floors in them, etc.

Power structures are structures that carry heavy loads during operation, which they experience as a result of, for example, aerodynamic (aerostatic), gravitational and traction forces of a power plant, hydraulic forces.

Power frames - transverse elements of the power set, for example, the ship’s hull, aircraft, are made of various materials: wood, metal, fiberglass and other structural materials.

Wooden frames are combustible materials, metal frames have a large mass and low corrosion resistance, and fiberglass frames made using polyester or epoxy binders are combustible and expensive.

The prior art technical solutions according to US Pat. RF №266510, IPC 7 ВВВ 13/02, 12/10/2002, according to US Pat. RF №2200106, IPC 7 В63В 3/13, 03/10/2003, in which metal pipes are used in the power structures of underwater vehicles, which leads to a large metal consumption of the product as a whole.

Known technical solutions according to US Pat. RF №2022867, IPC 5 В63В 3/13, 11/15/1994, US Pat. RF №2361771, IPC В63В 3/13, 07.20.2009, in the power structures of which glass mass and glass composite in the form of continuous structures are used for the manufacture of power frames. This leads to high material consumption and, consequently, to the high cost of the product as a whole.

Known ship pat. RF №2352492, IPC 8 В63В 1/16, 06/10/2006, the body of which is made with frames in the form of a truncated parabola, conjugated in the stern with the lower plane of the air wing. The design of the vessel is highly efficient in operation.

Known storage tank according to US Pat. RF №2331739, IPC 8 ЕВВ 11/02, 08/20/2008, tank for transportation of viscous products according to US Pat. No. 91981 for a utility model, IPC B65D 88/00, 03/10/2010, containing frames from non-metallic material, also a method of forming a power frame from composite materials according to US Pat. RF №2340456, IPC В29С 53/56, 10.12.2008, including the laying and winding of fabric tapes impregnated with a binder in annular layers in the area where the frames are located.

A technical solution according to US Pat. RF №2210726, IPC 7 F42B 15/00, 08/20/2003, in which the power structure of the space rocket is made in the form of continuous spiral and ring stiffeners made of polymer composite materials based on epoxy-containing binders and high-modulus carbon or boron fibers.

A known element of an airplane glider made of polymer composite materials and a method for its manufacture according to US Pat. RF №2312790, IPC В64С 1/00, December 20, 2007, in which the structural element of the airframe - power frame - is formed from fibrous composite materials by winding with a certain step a fabric tape impregnated with a binder. The power structure element contains turns of spiral and annular frames of woven tape impregnated with a binder, located at a certain step on the shell of the element.

To ensure the required ring stiffness of the product, it is necessary to have a sufficient thickness of the spiral and annular layers, which leads to a large material consumption of the product.

Closest to the claimed invention is a power element (pipe or tank) containing the main wall and layers of hollow annular stiffeners, wound in the form of a spiral, separated from each other by a solid partition laid on a spiral along the axis of the pipe or tank (US Pat. RF № 2333412, IPC F16L 9/12, 09/10/2008).

This power element has an increased ring stiffness, but there is an increase in its weight.

The technical result when using the invention is to increase the ring stiffness of the products while reducing their material consumption.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that in the structural element containing the shell and at least one row of spiral or annular coils of frames of binder-impregnated woven tape wound on a hollow metal mold according to the invention, the hollow mold is rigidly connected to the shell, and hollow frames are fixed on the shell and with each other impregnated with a binder woven tape wound on the frames and in the spaces between the coils in their lower part, while between spiral or ring coils Perpendicular to the last, hollow frames pre-prepared in size are laid with a certain step, and the circular coils of the hollow frames of each subsequent row are offset relative to the circular coils of the previous row by 0.5 winding steps, and a woven calico substrate for the outer shell is laid on the tops of the frames, onto which a metal sheet.

In addition, this technical result is achieved in that the shell of the element is a hull of an aircraft or a submarine, or a sea, or river vessel, or a passenger carriage; the spiral turns of the first row of hollow frames are laid from left to right, and the spiral turns of each subsequent row are laid in the opposite direction to the spiral turns of the previous row; hollow frames have a second-order curve in cross section; the hollow mold is made of a metal strip 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick, for example, titanium; as a binder-impregnated woven tape, glass or carbon or organic woven tape impregnated with a hot or cold cured polymeric binder is used; as a binder-impregnated woven tape, glass or carbon, or an organic woven tape impregnated with cold-cured sodium borosilicate phosphate binder is used.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing an element of the power structure, including the formation of power frames of fibrous composite materials on the shell of the element by winding with a certain step of a binder impregnated with a fabric tape with the formation of at least one row of spiral or circular turns of hollow frames using a hollow shape, according to the invention, between spiral or ring turns perpendicular to the last stack with a certain step hollow frames that are twice prepared in size, the hollow form is pre-rigidly connected to the shell, and the turns of the hollow frames are fixed on the shell and soaked with a binder woven tape by winding it on the hollow frames and in the spaces between the coils in their lower part, and the circular coils of the hollow frames each subsequent row is wound relative to the annular turns of hollow frames of the previous row with a shift of 0.5 winding steps, then a woven substrate of coarse calico is laid on the tops of the hollow frames, erekryvayuschuyu gaps between the turns to form a closed cavity, and further the substrate is wound layers impregnated with the binder is first webbing between the windings of the hollow frames and then over the entire surface to form an outer shell, which is laid on the metal sheet.

In addition, the specified technical result is achieved by the fact that as the shell of the element of the power structure using the hull of a submarine, or aircraft, or sea, or river vessel, or railway passenger carriage; the first row of spiral turns of hollow frames are wound from left to right, and each subsequent row of spiral turns is wound in the opposite direction to the spiral turns of the previous row; the cross section of the hollow frames is performed in the form of a second-order curve; the hollow mold is made of a metal strip 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick, for example, titanium; as a binder-impregnated woven tape, glass or carbon or organic woven tape impregnated with a hot or cold cured polymeric binder is used; as a binder-impregnated woven tape, a glass or carbon or organic woven tape impregnated with cold-cured sodium borosilicate phosphate binder is used;

The invention is illustrated by drawings and an example of a method of manufacturing an element of the power structure of a submarine.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an element of the power structure, General view;

Figure 2 shows an isometric element of the power structure, a longitudinal section;

Figure 3 shows an isometric element of the power structure with spiral hollow frames;

Figure 4 shows an isometric element of the power structure with annular hollow frames.

An element of the power structure, for example, a submarine, contains a shell 1 on which a hollow frame 2 for frames is located and rigidly connected to it, made of metal, for example titanium, tape 0.1 to 0.3 mm thick. On the shell 1 are two rows of spiral (figure 1, 2, 3) or annular turns 3 (figure 4) of hollow frames. The turns of 3 hollow frames are located on the shell 1 with a certain step and are made of woven tape impregnated with a binder. The hollow form 2 and the turns 3 of the hollow frames have a second-order curve in cross section. Spiral or annular coils of 3 hollow frames are fixed to the shell 1 and interconnected by a hot or cold cured polymer binder, for example, a SFZh-309 phenolic binder (or an epoxy or polyester binder) with a woven tape made of NPG-210 glass cloth (or carbon, or organic) wound on frames and in the intervals between turns 3 in their lower part. Between the coils 3 are placed pre-sized hollow frames 4, which are installed with a certain step perpendicular to the coils 3. Hollow frames 4 are also made using a hollow form of titanium tape with a thickness of 0.1 ÷ 0.3 mm, and the cross section of which, like the cross section of the hollow frames 4 has the shape of a second-order curve. This embodiment and the location of the hollow frames 4 with respect to the turns 3 determines the honeycomb structure of the power set and provides the rigidity of the contour of the power structure of the submarine.

On the tops of turns 3 of hollow frames and hollow frames 4, a woven substrate 5 of coarse calico layers is laid. The substrate 5 is laid by winding several layers of fabric with the possibility of overlapping the gaps between the turns 3 and the formation of closed cavities 6. On the substrate 5 there are layers of a tissue tape impregnated with a similar binder from glass fabric NPG-210 (or carbon or organic), forming the outer shell 7 To enhance the rigidity of the power element, a metal sheet of titanium is laid on the outer shell 7.

A method of manufacturing an element of the power structure, for example, a submarine, is as follows.

With a metal shell, for example titanium, shell 1, which is the hull of a submarine, rigidly connect the hollow form 2 of a metal, for example, titanium tape with a thickness of 0.1 ÷ 0.3 mm Spiral coils 3 of hollow frames of glass or carbon woven tape impregnated with a phenolic binder of hot curing are wound on a hollow mold 2. Due to the hollow shape 2, the spiral coils 3 of the frames have a second-order curve in cross section. The turns 3 of the hollow frames are fixed on the shell 1 and between each other by winding the woven tape impregnated with a binder on the frames and in the intervals between the turns 3 in their lower part. Between the turns 3 of the hollow frames, pre-sized hollow frames 4 are placed, which are installed with a certain step perpendicular to the coils 3. This arrangement of the coils 3 of the frames and frames 4 determines the honeycomb structure of the power set of the submarine power structure element. Next, on the tops of the turns 3 of the frames and frames 4 lay a woven substrate 5 of coarse calico, so that it overlaps the gaps between the turns 3. As a result of this overlap between the turns 3 of the frames and frames 4 form a closed cavity 6.

Next, several layers of glass or carbon woven tape impregnated with a hot cured phenolic binder are wound on a substrate 5. This tape is first wound on a substrate 5 between turns 3 of hollow frames, and then the tape is wound over the entire surface with the formation of the outer shell 7. To enhance the rigidity of the power structure element, a titanium metal sheet is laid on the outer shell 7.

To ensure the required rigidity of the outer hull of the submarine, the required number of layers of power frames are wound.

In the manufacture of a structural element containing several layers of hollow frames as a result of calculations, each of these layers is closed with a metal or titanium sheet, and a subsequent layer of hollow frames is wound in the same way.

In the calculation formula, the ring stiffness and the height of the ring and spiral turns (ribs), i.e. power frames are quadratic. Therefore, all calculations of the necessary rigidity of the hull of the submarine are based on the number of layers of frames and their characteristics.

Fiberglass based on phenolic binders is a slow-burning material. But in order to fulfill environmental requirements in case of emergency (fire), power frames based on phenolic binders are isolated from contact with people. This is achieved by the fact that in the above example, the power frames are inside the metal sheets.

For some technical products, for example, passenger cars, airplanes, floor frames, are made on the basis of sodium borosilicate phosphate binder. This allows you to make frames non-combustible.

In the same way, the body of aircraft, aircraft, including spars and other power structures of aircraft, is made.

A method of manufacturing an aircraft body is as follows.

With a metal, for example, from an aluminum alloy, shell 1, which is the internal body of the aircraft, rigidly connect the form 2 of a metal, for example aluminum tape with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 mm. Spiral coils 3 of hollow frames of carbon woven tape impregnated with an epoxy binder of hot or cold curing are wound on a hollow mold 2. Due to the hollow shape 2, the spiral coils 3 of the frames have a second-order curve in cross section. The turns 3 of the hollow frames are fixed on the shell 1 and between each other by winding the carbon-woven tape impregnated with a binder onto the frames and in the intervals between the turns 3 in their lower part. Between the turns 3 of the hollow frames, pre-sized hollow frames 4 are placed, which are installed with a certain step perpendicular to the coils 3. This arrangement of the coils 3 of the frames and frames 4 determines the honeycomb structure of the power set of the structural element of the aircraft body structure.

Next, on the tops of the coils 3 and the frames 4, a woven substrate 5 of coarse calico is laid so that it overlaps the gaps between the coils 3. As a result of this overlap between the spiral coils 3 of the frames and the frames 4, closed cavities are formed 6. Next, several layers of carbon are wound on the substrate 5 Woven tape impregnated with hot or cold cured epoxy binder. This tape is first wound on a substrate 5 between turns 3 of hollow frames, and then the tape is wound over the entire surface with the formation of the outer shell 7. To enhance the rigidity of the power structure element, a titanium metal sheet is laid on the outer shell 7.

To ensure the required rigidity of the aircraft body, the required number of layers of power frames are wound.

In the manufacture of the structural element of the aircraft body, which contains several layers of hollow frames as a result of calculations, each of these layers is closed with an aluminum sheet, and a subsequent layer of hollow frames is wound in the same way. The difference between the winding of the next layer from the previous one is in the opposite direction of winding the spiral turns 3 (the previous layer is from left to right, and the next one from right to left). After closing the last layer of power hollow frames, it is closed with an aluminum or titanium sheet, which is the outer wall of the aircraft body. Then, window and door openings are cut out throughout the aircraft body and sealed.

A method of manufacturing a passenger car body is as follows.

On the metal shell 1, which is the inner body (layer) of the passenger car, a form 2 of a metal tape 0.1-0.3 mm thick is rigidly fixed. On the hollow mold 2, winding annular coils 3 of hollow frames of glass woven tape impregnated with an epoxy binder of hot cure are wound. Due to the hollow shape 2, the ring turns 3 of the frames have a second-order curve in cross section. The turns 3 of hollow frames are fixed on the shell 1 and between each other by winding the tape impregnated with a binder on the frames and in the intervals between the turns 3 in their lower part. Next, between the circular turns 3 of the hollow frames, pre-sized hollow frames 4 are pre-sized to be installed, which are installed with the same step as the circular turns 3 perpendicular to the last. This arrangement of the turns 3 of the frames and the transverse frames 4 determines the honeycomb structure of the power set of the power structure element of the passenger car body.

Next, on the tops of the coils 3 and the frames 4, a woven substrate 5 of coarse calico is laid so that it overlaps the gaps between the coils 3. As a result of this overlap, closed cavities are formed between the coils 3 and the frames 4. Next, several layers of glass woven tape are wound onto the substrate 5, hot cured epoxy binder. This tape is first wound on a substrate 5 between turns 3 of hollow frames, and then the tape is wound over the entire surface with the formation of the outer shell 7. To strengthen the stiffness of the power structure element, a metal sheet, for example, of titanium, is laid on the outer shell 7.

To ensure the required rigidity of the car body, the required number of layers of power frames are wound.

In the manufacture of an element of the power structure of a passenger carriage containing as a result of calculations several layers of hollow frames, each of these layers is closed with a metal sheet, and a subsequent layer of hollow frames is wound in the same way. The difference between the winding of the subsequent layer from the previous consists in overlapping by 0.5 steps of the next layer from the previous one. After closing the last layer of power hollow frames, it is closed with a metal sheet, which is the outer surface of the passenger carriage body. Then, window and door openings are cut out over the entire body of the passenger car and sealed.

A method of manufacturing a power element of a sea or river vessel is as follows.

With the metal shell 1, which is the outer hull of a sea or river vessel (hereinafter referred to as the "vessel"), a mold 2 of a metal tape 0.1-0.3 mm thick is rigidly connected. Spiral coils 3 of hollow frames of glass woven tape impregnated with an epoxy binder of hot or cold cure are wound on a hollow mold 2. Due to the hollow shape 2, the spiral coils 3 of the frames have a second-order curve in cross section. The coils of 3 hollow frames are fixed on the shell 1 and between each other by winding a glass-woven ribbon impregnated with a binder onto the frames and in the spaces between the coils 3 in their lower part. Then, between the turns 3 of the hollow frames, pre-sized hollow frames 4 are placed, which are installed with a certain step perpendicular to the coils 3. This arrangement of the coils 3 of the transverse frames 4 determines the honeycomb structure of the power set of the ship’s power structure.

Next, on the tops of the coils 3 and the frames 4, a woven substrate 5 of coarse calico is laid so that it overlaps the gaps between the coils 3. As a result of this overlap, closed cavities are formed between the spiral coils 3 of the frames and the blanks 4 of the frame 6. Next, several layers are wound on the substrate 5 glass woven tape impregnated with hot or cold cured epoxy binder. This tape is first wound on a substrate 5 between turns 3 of hollow frames, and then the tape is wound over the entire surface with the formation of the outer shell 7. To enhance the rigidity of the element of the power structure, a metal sheet of titanium is laid on the outer shell 7.

To ensure the required rigidity of the vessel, the required number of layers of power frames are wound.

In the manufacture of the structural element of the vessel, containing as a result of calculations several layers of hollow frames, each of these layers is closed, if necessary, with a metal sheet, and a subsequent layer of hollow frames is wound in a similar manner. The difference between the winding of the subsequent layer from the previous one is in the reverse direction of winding the spiral turns 3 (the previous layer is from left to right, and the next one is from right to left).

After closing the last layer of power hollow frames, it is closed with a metal sheet of titanium, which is the outer wall of the vessel. Then, they cut along the axis along the diameter of the entire wound power structure of the vessel with the formation of two blanks for the vessel at once, followed by termination of the end edges during the cut.

Claims (14)

1. The element of the power structure, comprising a shell and at least one row of spiral frames or annular turns of hollow frames made of a binder-impregnated woven tape wound around a hollow metal mold, characterized in that the hollow mold is rigidly connected to the shell and hollow frames are fixed on the shell and between each other with a binder woven with tape, wound on frames and in the spaces between the turns in their lower part, while between the spiral or ring turns perpend hollow frames pre-sized by pre-sized ones are laid on the neck circularly with a certain step, moreover, the circular coils of the hollow frames of each subsequent row are offset relative to the circular coils of the previous row by 0.5 winding steps, and on the tops of the frames are laid a woven fabric of calico for the outer shell on which is laid a metal sheet. 2. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the element is a hull of an aircraft, or a submarine, or a sea or river vessel, or a passenger carriage. 3. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral turns of the first row of hollow frames are laid from left to right, and the spiral turns of each subsequent row are laid in the opposite direction to the spiral turns of the previous row. 4. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow frames have a second-order curve shape in cross section. 5. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow form is made of a metal tape with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm, for example, of titanium. 6. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that as a binder-impregnated woven tape, glass, or carbon, or organic woven tape impregnated with a hot or cold cured polymeric binder is used. 7. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that as a binder-impregnated woven tape used glass, or carbon, or organic woven tape, impregnated with sodium borosilicate phosphate binder cold curing. 8. A method of manufacturing an element of the power structure, including the formation of power frames of fibrous composite materials on the shell of the element by winding with a certain step of the binder impregnated with a binder tape on the shell with the formation of at least one row of spiral or circular turns of hollow frames using a hollow shape, characterized in that between the spiral or ring turns perpendicular to the last stack with a certain step pre-prepared by the size of the hollow panels outs, while the hollow form is pre-rigidly connected to the shell, and the turns of the hollow frames are fixed on the shell and soaked with a binder woven tape by winding it on the hollow frames and in the intervals between the turns in their lower part, the ring turns of the hollow frames of each subsequent row wound relative to the circular turns of hollow frames of the previous row with a shift of 0.5 winding steps, then on the tops of the hollow frames lay a woven fabric of coarse calico overlapping the gaps between the turns the formation of closed cavities, and then layers of the fabric impregnated with a binder tape are wound first between the turns of the hollow frames, and then over the entire surface with the formation of an outer shell on which the metal sheet is laid. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the first row of spiral turns of hollow frames are wound from left to right, and each subsequent row of spiral turns is wound in the opposite direction to the spiral turns of the previous row. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cross-section of the hollow frames is performed in the form of a second-order curve. 11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the hollow shape is made of a metal tape with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm, for example, of titanium. 12. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that as a binder-impregnated woven tape, a glass or carbon or organic woven tape impregnated with a hot or cold cured polymeric binder is used. 13. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that as a binder-impregnated woven tape, a glass or carbon or organic woven tape impregnated with cold-cured sodium borosilicate phosphate binder is used. 14. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that as the shell of the element of the power structure using the hull of an aircraft, or a submarine, or a sea or river vessel, or a passenger car.

Images