RU2497560C1 - Method of fastening rescue belt on rescued person - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method of fastening the rescue belt on a rescued person includes coverage with a belt around the torso of the body with the location of the buckle on the abdomen or chest, cross-shaped location of the belt branches on the chest with their passage through the shoulders, while on the back, between the legs and with one turnover coverage of the upper edge of the buckle. At that the belt branches on the back are is laid crosswise with coverage of the body and cross-shaped location on the abdomen, followed by coverage of each of the belt branch with the one and a half turns of hips and passing them from the back between the legs with one turn through the upper edge of the buckle.

EFFECT: invention provides a self-sustained reliable fastening of the belt by the rescued person.

10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to life-saving appliances used to lower people from a height during fires and other emergency situations, and in particular to methods of fastening a life-belt to a person to be rescued.

Life-saving belts are known, which are a system of belts that cover the hips, trunk in the transverse direction and shoulders (AS USSR 555894, АВВ 35/00; Russian patent 2290975, АВВ 35/00. US patents: 4191275; 4177877; 3701395; 2979153 - all classes 182 - 3; 2647293 - 182 - 4; 3880255; 2317246 - 182 - 5; 4190132; 3703218; 3159241; 2252998 - 182 - 6; 3504763; 3415340 - 182 - 7. United Kingdom: 588887 - class 47, group XXI; 1535595; 1465649; 1386848 - A3V; laid-out applications 2039209; 2032253 - class А62В 35/00. Germany: 467918; 124218 - 63 a 8/03. Germany: laid-out applications 2552056; 2531326; 2524012 - А62В 35/00. France : Laid-open Applications 2427744; 2105410; 2087763; 2427828 - А62В 35/00 Switzerland: Patents 60474 9; 595848 - А62В 35/00; 519343 - А62В 1/00). This type of life belt and methods of fastening provide high reliability of fastening of the person being saved, but they are not adapted to the high speed of fastening. Some of them by their purpose do not require a high fastening speed (belt installers - high-altitude workers, builders, climbers, etc.). Others provide quick fastening, but with a certain fixed size of the belt. If there is a need to save a person who is different in size from the size of the belt prepared for the rescue operation, the latter must be adapted to the size of the rescued person, while performing numerous manipulations with various details, which takes precious time during rescue operations.

Known methods for attaching a rescue rope or rescue belt to a person to be saved:

1. Vinokurov V.K., Levin A.S., Martynov I.A. Safety in mountaineering. - M.: Physical education and sport, 1983, 168 p.

Fig. 28 shows double and triple rope arbors.

2. Maleinov A.A. Safety measures in mountaineering. - M.: 1955, 143 p.

Fig. 29 shows the life belt and the method of fastening it to the person being saved.

3. Manual on fire drill. Yaroslavl, 1974, 138 pp.

On pages 54-61, methods of knitting life loops and their subsequent fastening on a person are shown.

4. Skryagin L.N. Marine nodes. - M .: Transport, 1982, 111 p.

See page 69 for ways to knit life ropes.

5. Beiguganov M.G., Orlov G.G. Labor protection during the installation of metal and precast concrete structures. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987, 265 p.

On pg. 175-176 safety belts and methods of their fastening on the person are presented.

6. Huber G. Mountaineering today (translation from German). - M.: Physical education and sports. 1980, 264 p.

On p.112-118 shows the means and methods of fastening climbing equipment on a person.

7. Terebnev V.V. and others. Fire drill. Tutorial. 2nd ed. (with changes). M.: Academy of GPS of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia, OOO “IBS - Holding”, 2004, 352 p.

Section 6.4 describes and shows a method for knitting a double rescue loop.

8. Svensson S. Handbook of rigging / Per. with swede. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1987. - 168 p.

On page 47 methods of knitting gazebo knots are presented.

When attaching directly to the rescue rope, the person being saved is disrupted by the blood supply to those organs that come in contact with the rope, with their subsequent edema. In addition, the next person to be saved is waiting for the previous person to be released from the rope.

9. Loginov V., Dymov S., Rusanov D. Rope devices for self-rescue of people from a height during fires // Firefighting, No. 5, 2009, p. 38-41.

This article describes seven types of rope-lowering devices, in four of which a rescue scarf is used to secure the person to be saved, in two - a chest self-tightening loop, and in one - a suspension system in the form of overalls in four sizes (the minimum size is for a child age 6- 8 years).

A child under 6-8 years old may fall out of the rescue scarf and from the suspension system in the form of overalls during the descent. It is dangerous to save small children with a fire from above. The loss of any person, whether it be a child or an adult, is excluded from the chest self-tightening loop. In this sense, the specified tool is reliable. However, for a very short period of time - a few tens of seconds. To save people from great heights, when the descent process drags on for minutes, the chest self-tightening loop is an unsuitable means. The article notes its drawback: "... although it meets the requirements of reliability, it is not very convenient to use." The fact is that, when squeezing the chest with a self-tightening loop, pulmonary edema begins, followed by death in a few minutes. The article by V. Verstakov “Difficult passes” (Truth of December 28, 1982) describes the case when a soldier improperly tied a rope, which turned into a self-tightening loop, and hung at a height of 90 m above the rocks. He had to be saved from imminent death as a result of pulmonary edema.

The time of fitting the lifebelt to the size of the particular person to be saved is significantly reduced in the lifebelt and the ways of their fastening on the person to be saved according to A. USSR №1391660, class А62В 1/20 and A.S. USSR No. 1581329, class A62B 35/00. The disadvantage of the methods for attaching these lifebelt is their low reliability when descending from a height of children, as well as people with narrow shoulders. If, during the descent from a height, the rescued person hooks his feet on the balcony, window sill, etc. and as a result, it will be hanging upside down and upside down on the lifebelt, the person being saved may fall out of the lifebelt.

This drawback was eliminated in the inventions of RF patents No. 2391124, class А62В 35/00 “Method of fastening a life belt on a rescued person”, and No. 2392021, class А62В 35/00 “Life belt and a method for fastening it on a salvaged person”. The fires that have occurred in recent years in dormitories, boarding houses, boarding schools, etc. with the deaths of dozens and injuring hundreds of people, forcing people responsible for safety to take appropriate fire measures. One of such measures is the acquisition of buildings, structures, structures by cable-and-drain devices for self-rescue of people from heights in case of fires. The fact is that fire departments, for various reasons, do not always arrive at the place of fire quickly enough to save people. In such cases, the presence of cable-and-drain devices allows people to self-rescue, without waiting for the arrival of fire departments. When considering the issue of manning one of the boarding houses with rope-launching devices for self-rescue of people from heights in case of fires, it turned out that a rescuing person cannot fasten lifebelt to himself by the methods of RF patents No. 2391124 and No. 2392021. These methods are intended for the rescuer, who fastens the lifebelt to the person being saved. In figure 1. Lifebuoy by A.S. USSR No. 1581329, a new method of mounting which on the person being saved is recorded in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2391124. The latter is chosen as a prototype. Figure 2 shows the manipulations (actions) that the rescuer performs on the back of the person being saved using this fastening method. The man escaping during a fire is unable to perform the specified manipulations for technical reasons - his hands are short. This was shown by experiments. Even in a calm environment, without a fire, it is not possible to perform the specified manipulations on his own. Exactly the same situation with the method of fastening the life belt to the person being saved according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2392021. The rescuing person is not able to pass the branches of the belt on the back through the fixed clamp, tighten the movable clamp from the fixed along the spine to the head, and fix the movable clamp in this position with a screw clamp for technical reasons - hands are short.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the rescue belt by introducing such manipulations with the rescue belt that allow the rescuing person to securely fix it on himself.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the rescuing person independently puts on the waist part of the life belt over his head, places the belt buckle on his chest, crosses the branches of the belt on his chest, passes them over his shoulders, puts them crosswise on his back, places him crosswise on his stomach, followed by coverage each of the branches of the belt for one and a half turns of the hips and passing them from the back between the legs for one revolution through the upper edge of the buckle. The rescuer can perform similar manipulations when fastening the rescue belt to the person being rescued.

Figure 1 presents the life belt and.with. USSR No. 1581329, figure 2 - manipulations that the rescuer performs on the back of the person being saved when using the prototype, figure 3-10 - manipulations (procedure) performed by the rescuing person on himself or the rescuer on the person being saved using the claimed method fastening the life belt to the person being saved.

The method of fastening life-saving belts by a.s. USSR No. 1581329, No. 1391660 and any rescue belts similar in design, includes the following manipulations (actions) of the rescuing person or rescuer.

The branches of the belt 2, 3, forming a half-ring (Fig. 1), are put on through the head of the rescuing (saved) person and they cover the body around the chest (Fig. 3), the buckle 5 is placed on the chest, the branches 1, 4 are passed crosswise on the chest through the shoulders behind the back (Fig. 4), crosswise placed on the back, passed under the legs with their subsequent cruciform placement on the stomach (Fig. 5), passed them under the legs behind the back and passed between the legs with the hips covered (Fig. 6), again cover the hips, skipping branches 4, 1 under the legs (Fig. 7, 8) and bring branches 4, 1 between the legs (Fig. 9) from to leduyuschim coverage of one turn buckle upper edge 5 through the central opening 6 (Figure 10). Next, the rescuing person (rescuer) passes a loop formed by two branches 4, 1 (Fig. 10) through the carbine of the cable-descent device, the rope of which is fixed to the solid structure of the building, and leaves the burning room (building).

The experiments showed that the cross-shaped placement of the branches of the life belt on the back and stomach allows the person to be saved to secure the life belt. In this case, ceteris paribus, the fastening time of the rescue belt remains the same as that of the prototype, and the reliability of securing the rescued person even increases, since the forces (towards the head) preventing the branches 1, 4 from slipping off the shoulders of the rescued person (Fig. 8), in the claimed method significantly exceed the indicated forces in the prototype (figure 2).

Claims (1)

A method of attaching a life belt to a person to be saved, including covering the body around the body with a belt with a buckle located on the stomach or chest, the cross-section of the belt branches on the chest with them passing through the shoulders, on the back, between the legs and covering the upper edge of the buckle by one revolution, different the fact that, in order to expand the functionality of the rescue belt by introducing such manipulations with the rescue belt that allow the rescuing person to securely fix it on himself, the branches of the belt on ine laid crosswise covering the torso and crosswise placement on the abdomen, followed by covering each of the branches of the belts on the circulation half thighs and passing them to the back-side between the legs of one turn by the top edge of the buckle.

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