RU2391124C1 - Method of safety belt fixation on rescued person - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the rescue equipment used to descent people from height at fires and other emergency situations. Belt branches forming a half ring, are pulled over on the rescued person; the body is covered by the belt along waist; choose superfluous length of branches from a buckle, place last one on a stomach. Pass the branches located crosswise on a breast through shoulders to a back, on the back - under a waist belt, with wrap to knot shoulder branches pass them between legs forward, cover hips in front and behind on one turn, pass between legs and pass through a buckle upper edge on one turn. Setting in knot branches on the back with wrap of a waist belt allows preventing branches slipping from shoulders of the rescued person and its subsequent drop - out of a safety belt in the descent process from height at casual orientation headfirst and head over heels. ^ EFFECT: wrap of hips of the rescued person by branches on one turn gives the chance to distribute weight of the rescued person on much more area of a belt of a safety belt therefore traumatising possibility of the rescued person is eliminated. ^ 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to life-saving appliances used to lower people from a height during fires and other emergency situations, and in particular to methods of fastening a life-belt to a person to be rescued.

Life-saving belts are known, which are a system of belts that cover the hips, trunk in the transverse direction and shoulders (AS USSR 555894, АВВ 35/00; Russian patent 2290975, АВВ 35/00. US patents: 4191275; 4177877; 3701395; 2979153 - all class 182-3; 2647293-182-4; 3880255; 2317246-182-5; 4190132; 3703218; 3159241; 2252998-182-6; 3504763; 3415340-182-7. United Kingdom: 588887 - class 47, group XXI; 1535595; 1465649; 1386848 - A3V; laid-out applications 2039209; 2032253 - class А62В 35/00. Germany: 467918; 124218 - 63 a 8/03. Germany: laid-out applications 2552056; 2531326; 2524012 - А62В 35/00. France : published applications 2427744; 2105410; 2087763; 2427828 - А62В 35/00. Switzerland: patents 604749; 595848 - А62В 35/00; 519343 - А62В 1/00). This type of life belt and methods of fastening provide high reliability of fastening of the person being saved, but they are not adapted to the high speed of fastening. Some of them do not require a high fastening speed for their intended purpose (belts of high-altitude installers, builders, climbers, etc.). Others provide quick fastening, but with a certain fixed size of the belt. If there is a need to save a person who differs in size from the size of the belt prepared for the rescue operation, the latter must be adapted to the size of the rescued person, while performing numerous manipulations with various details, which takes precious time during rescue operations.

Known methods for attaching a rescue rope or rescue belt to a person to be rescued.

1. Vinokurov V.K., Levin A.S., Martynov I.A. Safety in mountaineering. - M.: Physical education and sport, 1983, 168 p.

Fig. 28 shows double and triple rope arbors.

2. Maleinov A.A. Safety measures in mountaineering. - M.: 1955, 143 p.

Fig. 29 shows the life belt and the method of fastening it to the person being saved.

3. Manual on fire drill. Yaroslavl, 1974, 138 pp.

On pages 54-61, methods of knitting life loops and their subsequent fastening on a person are shown.

4. Skryagin L.N. Marine nodes. - M .: Transport, 1982, 111 p.

See page 69 for ways to knit life ropes.

5. Beiguganov M.G., Orlov G.G. Labor protection during the installation of metal and precast concrete structures. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1987, 265 p.

On pg. 175-176 safety belts and methods of their fastening on the person are presented.

6. Huber G. Mountaineering today (translation from German). - M.: Physical education and sports. 1980, 264 p.

On p.112-118 shows the means and methods of fastening climbing equipment on a person.

7. Terebnev V.V. and others. Fire drill. Tutorial. 2nd ed. (with changes). M.: Academy of GPS of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia, OOO "IBS - Holding", 2004, 352 p.

Section 6.4 describes and shows a method for knitting a double rescue loop.

8. Svensson S. Handbook of rigging / Per. with swede. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1987. - 168 p.

On page 47 methods of knitting gazebo knots are presented.

9. Ashley Clifford W. The Ashley Book of Knots. N.Y. 1975, 620 p.

On pages 485-489, 524-530 methods of knitting life-saving ropes on a person are shown.

When attaching the saved person directly to the rescue rope, the next rescued person waits until the previous rescued person is released from the rescue rope.

The time of fitting the lifebelt to the size of the specific person to be saved while maintaining high reliability of fastening has been significantly reduced in the lifebelt according to A.S. USSR No. 1068131, class А62В 35/00. The life belt is made in the form of two belts intersecting at right angles, one of which covers the body, the other from below is passed between the legs, and from above - through the shoulders. On four sides belts are provided with rings. The mechanism of fitting the belt to the size of a particular person allows one movement, similar to the movement of the hand when starting the outboard motor, to select the extra length of all the belts at the same time. However, this was achieved at the cost of complicating the design of the lifebelt. The complexity of the design of this belt forced to look for ways and means of simplifying it, which was implemented in the following invention.

Life belt and method of fastening it to a person to be saved according to A.S. USSR No. 1391660, class А62В 1/20, is much simpler than the rescue belt described above, and the time of its fastening is commensurate with the fastening time of the described belt. The rescue belt is a belt equipped with a carabiner on one side and attached to the transverse jumper of the buckle, which is made in the form of a rectangle with a square hole and two parallel grooves at the edges. One of the grooves serves for fastening a carbine, and a belt is passed through the other. The belt is fastened to the person being saved by covering the body by pulling the belt from the groove and then securing it with a carabiner for the buckle, after which the two formed loop branches of the belt are passed through the shoulders, along the back along the spine, between the legs and through the square hole of the buckle, covering its upper edge on one revolution.

The disadvantage of this belt is that the section of the belt branch attached to the transverse jumper of the buckle and the section of the belt branch passed through the groove experience stress concentration, as a result of which the destruction (breaking of the belt branches) of the belt begins in these places before ultimate stresses are reached in all other places of the belt. This disadvantage is overcome in the following invention, which is closest to the set of essential features of the claimed invention.

Life belt according to A.S. USSR No. 1581329, class А62В 35/00 (Fig. 1), is a buckle 5 in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with grooves along its sides and a central hole 6, the grooves forming an angle of 105 ° -115 °, and the belt 1, 2, 3, 4 freely passed through the grooves and looped. The specified angle allows you to get rid of the concentration of stresses in the branches of the belt, as a result of which the belt is loaded along its entire length evenly and its destruction, ceteris paribus, will begin at a higher load than the destruction of the belt in the life belt according to a.s. No. 1391660. The life belt (Fig. 1) is attached to the person being saved as follows. The branches of the belt 2, 3, forming a half ring (Fig. 1) on one side of the buckle, are put on over the head and cover the body of the rescued (Fig. 2, 3) around the waist, they select the extra length of the belts 1, 4 from the buckle 5, which is pressed to the body, the selected belts crosswise (Fig. 2) on the chest pass through the shoulders, on the back, between the legs (Fig. 3) and then through the central hole 6 in the buckle 5, covering the upper edge of the buckle for one revolution (Fig. 4, 5 ) After that, the rescued person is ready for the descent, which is carried out by first passing the carabiner of the rescue rope (not shown) through the loop of the rescue belt formed by the branches of the belt 1, 4 (Fig. 5).

The operating experience of this belt revealed its shortcomings. One of them is that if an individual with narrow shoulders or a child is the person to be saved, the belts passed through his shoulders during descent as a result of jerks, vibrations, changes in the body orientation of the person being saved in space, his movements, etc. . gradually or suddenly slide from the shoulders of the person being saved. At the same time, the reliability of fastening the lifebelt on the person being saved is reduced, since there are large gaps between the belt and the human body. If, during the descent from a height, the rescued person, whose shoulders slipped off his shoulders, also clings with his feet to the windowsill, balcony, etc. and as a result, it will be hanging upside down and upside down on the lifebelt, the person being saved may fall out of the lifebelt. Shoulder straps are precisely designed to prevent the person being saved from falling when he is descending from a height and accidentally oriented upside down and upside down. With this orientation of the body of the person being saved, shoulder straps are his support. When they slide, the support disappears and the person being saved falls out of the life belt.

Another disadvantage of the rescue belt is that its belt (two branches of the belt folded together) is passed between the legs (Figs. 3, 4) of the rescued person so that the load from the weight of the rescued person is distributed between the legs in a small area of the belt. As a result, the rescued person experiences pain in the indicated place, and in case of adverse circumstances he may be injured.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the safety of descent of a rescued person by preventing the shoulder straps from slipping and subsequently falling out of the rescue belt with random orientation upside down and upside down, as well as by more even distribution of the load from the weight of the rescued person over the entire area of the rescue belt belt.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the branches of the belt crosswise located on the chest and passed through the shoulders with the waist belt covered on the back are tied with a knot, passed between the legs forward, they cover the hips in front and behind for one revolution, put between the legs and passed through the upper edge of the buckle on one revolution.

In Fig.1 presents a life belt for AS No. 1581329, in FIG. 2-FIG. 5 - a method of attaching it (described above) to the person to be saved (sequence of actions), in FIG. 2, FIG. 6 - FIG. 11, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 - sequence of actions according to the claimed method of attachment.

The method of attaching life belts to A. USSR No. 1581329, No. 1391660 and any rescue belts similar in design includes the following actions of the rescuer.

The branches of the belt 2, 3, forming a half-ring (figure 1), put on through the head of the person to be saved and cover the body around the waist (figure 2), choose the extra length of the branches 1, 4 from the buckle 5, the latter is placed on the stomach, and the branches 1 , 4 crosswise on the chest pass through the shoulders behind the back (figure 2), on the back - under the waist belt 2, 3 with the shoulder branches 1, 4 reaching into the knot (figure 6), lead between the legs forward (figure 6, 7 , 8), cover the front of the thigh of the person being saved (Fig. 8) and the back (Figs. 9, 10) by one turn, bring between the legs (Figs. 10, 11) and pass one over the top edge of the buckle 5 revolution, as shown by the arrow in figure 4 and in an enlarged image of the buckle 5 (figure 5).

Tying the knots on the back of branches 1, 4 with the waist belt 2, 3 covered, prevents the branches 1, 4 from slipping off the shoulders of the rescued person and his subsequent falling out of the life belt during the descent from height with a random orientation upside down. Coverage of branches 1, 4 of the thighs of the rescued person per revolution makes it possible to distribute the weight of the rescued person over a much larger area of the belt of the rescue belt, which eliminates the possibility of injury to the crotch of the rescued person.

Claims (1)

A method of attaching a life belt to a person to be saved, comprising covering the body with a belt around the waist with a buckle located on the stomach, a cross-shaped arrangement of belt branches on the chest with them passing through the shoulders, on the back, between the legs and covering the upper edge of the buckle by one revolution, characterized in that the branches of the belt on the back are tied in a knot with the waist belt covered, passed between the legs, covered the hips in front and behind by one turn, brought between the legs and passed through the upper edge of the buckle for one turn.

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