RU2495693C1 - Combined filter (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: salvage facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to breathing organs individual protection facilities (BOIPF) for a human being for protection against harmful substances. The combined filter comprises a body with an outer threaded neck, a bottom, a double-layer charge, an absorber, nets for fixation and separation of the charge, an anti-dust tampon. The absorber is made from layers on the basis of active carbon with metal sulfate and is arranged as the first along with inhaled air travelling. The anti-dust tampon is installed in the body as the last along with travel of the inhaled air. In the first layer of the charge the metal sulfate is copper sulfate and/or zinc sulfate. The second layer of the charge is an absorber on the basis of active aluminium oxide impregnated with barium permanganate and/or copper permanganate and/or zinc permanganate and/or nickel permanganate. Layers are taken at the volume ratio of 1.0:(0.5-2.0) accordingly. The combined filter additionally comprises an anti-aerosol filter. In the other version of realisation in the first layer of the charge the metal chloride is nickel chloride and/or zinc chloride, and/or cobalt chloride, and/or copper chloride. Additives in the form of metal chlorides may be accompanied by their oxychlorides.

EFFECT: combined filter of the first and second versions is a reliable and convenient element of human BOIPF during process operations in chemical enterprises, has long-term universal multiple protection against nitrogen and ammonia monooxide.

11 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal respiratory protection (PPE) of a person from harmful substances, in particular from ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, aerosols (dust, smoke, fog).

Known filtering and sorbing element for air purifiers according to patent RU No. 2195993 (publ. 10.01.2003), containing sorbent particles bonded by thermoplastic polymer particles in the frontal layer, which is a mechanical mixture of a carbon-containing catalyst, modified by compounds of copper, chromium, silver , triethylenediamine, and active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate, and in the trailing layer, which is active alumina impregnated with palladium.

The disadvantages of the filtering and sorbing element are:

- lack of elements (body, bottom, etc.) that allow the use of a filtering and sorbing element in the filtering RPE as a filter;

- technological difficulties in obtaining a filtering and sorbing element associated with the duration of obtaining uniformity of the mechanical mixture of sorbents and sorbents with a thermoplastic polymer;

- a decrease in the overall protective ability of sorbents due to clogging of their active surface with a polymer melt;

- insufficiently high CDW for ammonia and nitrogen monoxide;

- lack of protection against aerosols.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed combination filter according to the first embodiment is a gas mask box according to patent RU No. 2281131 (published on 08/10/2006), including a housing with an external threaded neck, an anti-dust swab installed in the housing last along the inhaled air, mesh for separating the charge and the bottom with an internal threaded neck, a two-layer charge consisting of layers sequentially located along the inhaled air: carbon-based adsorbent with copper sulfate and hopcalite in volume m ratio 1.0: (0.8-1.2), respectively.

The well-known gas box has a sufficiently high AMR in ammonia and has a non-corrosive charge.

The disadvantages of the gas box are:

- insufficiently high CDW for nitric oxide;

- the probability of dust from the mixture through the openings of the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the mixture;

- lack of protection against aerosols.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment is a gas mask according to patent RU No. 2129453 (publ. 04/27/1999), comprising a housing with an external threaded neck, a two-layer charge, consisting of a carbon-based desiccant with metal chloride and hopcalite with a ratio of layer lengths or a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.8-1.1), respectively, an anti-dust swab installed in the body last along the inhaled air, the bottom with an internal threaded neck.

The disadvantages of a gas filter are:

- insufficiently high CDW for nitric oxide;

- does not allow to control the length of the layers of the charge, since the body of the gas filter is smooth and does not have any marks;

- technological difficulties of the equipment of the charge associated with the possibility of mixing the layers together due to the lack of a separation device between the layers of the charge and the probability of dust from the charge through the openings of the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge;

- lack of protection against aerosols.

The common biggest disadvantage of the prototype combined filter according to the first embodiment and the prototype of the combined filter according to the second embodiment is the inability to absorb nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the charge, especially hopcalite, which eliminates the possibility of using both prototypes repeatedly and makes it necessary to use such filtering devices for reasons of operational reliability one-time, and this complies with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 “System of safety standards t oud. Personal respiratory protection. Gas filters and combined. General technical conditions ”, but makes the use of disposable nitrogen oxide filtering devices unnecessarily expensive and inefficient.

The absence of an aerosol filter makes the analogue and both prototypes inadequate to the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99, presented to the special brand of the combined NOP3 filter, which protects against nitrogen oxides with mandatory simultaneous protection against aerosols.

In addition, in the analogue and in both prototypes, the sealing elements of the filtering device are not shown, which allows the charge, especially hopcalite, to come into contact with the surrounding air during storage, to moisten and lose its catalytic and absorption properties.

The proposed invention, according to the first embodiment, solves the problem of developing a combination filter that is technologically advanced in manufacturing and has a sufficiently high pressure drop in ammonia and nitrogen monoxide that meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades and protection efficiency classes of K2, NOP3, respectively, capable of absorbing nitrogen monoxide and comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for the brand NOP3 in conditions of equilibrium wetting of the charge; possessing a non-corrosive charge; excluding the probability of dust emission from the mixture; containing sealing elements.

The proposed invention, according to the second embodiment, solves the problem of developing a combination filter that is technologically advanced in manufacturing and has a sufficiently high IDR for ammonia and nitrogen monoxide that meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades and protection efficiency classes of K2, NOP3, respectively, capable of absorbing nitrogen monoxide and comply with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for the brand NOP3 in conditions of equilibrium wetting of the charge; possessing an increased ammonia-type high pressure drop; excluding the probability of dust emission from the mixture; containing sealing elements.

To achieve the specified technical result in the combined filter according to the first embodiment, comprising a housing with an external threaded neck, a bottom, a two-layer charge using the first layer of absorbent based on activated carbon with metal sulfate along the inhaled air, a mesh for fixing and separating the mixture, a dust-proof swab installed in the housing last along the inhaled air, in the first layer of the charge copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate, the second layer of the charge are used as metal sulfate it is an absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate, zinc permanganate, and / or nickel permanganate, charge layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.5-2.0), respectively, additionally contains aerosol filter; in a particular embodiment, the absorber of the first charge layer may additionally contain sulfates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium; an anti-dust swab can be used in the housing for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge; the holes of the external threaded neck and bottom can be closed with removable locking devices.

To achieve the specified technical result in the combined filter according to the second embodiment, comprising a housing with an external threaded neck, a bottom, a two-layer mixture using the first layer of absorbent based on activated carbon with metal chloride along the inhaled air, a mesh for securing the mixture, an anti-dust swab installed in the case, the last along the inhaled air, in the first layer of the charge, nickel chloride and / or zinc chloride and / or cobalt chloride and / or chloride are used as metal chloride one, while the additives in the form of metal chlorides may be accompanied by their oxychlorides, the second charge layer is an absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate and / or zinc permanganate and / or nickel permanganate, the charge layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.5-2.1), respectively, additionally contains an aerosol filter; in a particular embodiment, the absorber of the first charge layer may additionally contain chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium, or the absorber of the first charge layer may additionally contain copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate, or the absorber of the first charge layer may additionally contain sulfates and / or chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium, copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate; also in the combined filter, the layers of the mixture can be separated by a grid; in the case, as a mesh for separating the charge layers between each other and / or for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge, an anti-dust swab can be used; the holes of the external threaded neck and bottom can be closed with removable locking devices.

Distinctive features of the proposed combined filter according to the first embodiment is that in the first layer of the charge copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate are used as metal sulfate; the second charge layer is an absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate and / or zinc permanganate and / or nickel permanganate; charge layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.5-2.0), respectively; additionally contains an aerosol filter; the absorber of the first charge layer may further comprise sulfates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium; an anti-dust swab can be used in the housing for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge; the holes of the threaded neck and bottom can be closed with removable locking devices.

Distinctive features of the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment is that in the first layer of the charge nickel chloride and / or zinc chloride and / or cobalt chloride and / or copper chloride are used as metal chloride; in the charge, additives in the form of metal chlorides may be accompanied by their oxychlorides; the second charge layer is an absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate and / or zinc permanganate and / or nickel permanganate; charge layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.5-2 , 1) respectively; additionally contains an aerosol filter; the absorber of the first layer of the charge may additionally contain chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium; the absorber of the first charge layer may further comprise copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate; the absorber of the first charge layer may further comprise sulfates and / or chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium, copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate; charge layers can be separated by a grid; in the case, as a mesh for separating the charge layers between each other and / or for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge, an anti-dust swab can be used; the holes of the external threaded neck and bottom can be closed with removable locking devices.

Due to the presence of these signs, a combined filter of two versions has been created, which is technologically advanced to manufacture, has a sufficiently high discharge pressure that meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades and protection efficiency classes respectively K2, NOP3, is capable of absorbing nitrogen monoxide and meeting the requirements GOST R 12.4.193-99 for the brand NOP3 in conditions of equilibrium wetting of the charge.

The combined filter according to the first embodiment has a non-corrosive charge, which allows the use of metal parts for its manufacture, and the combined filter according to the second embodiment has a higher ammonia CDW. The combination filter according to the second embodiment is preferred, for example, in plastic parts.

The proposed combination filter is shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the combined filter (options 1, 2).

Figure 2 presents the combined filter containing sealing elements (options 1, 2).

Figure 1 presents the proposed combined filter, which consists of a housing 1 with an external threaded neck 2, bottom 3, anti-aerosol filter 4, grids for securing the charge 5, separation grid or dust swab 6, dust swab (s) 7, layers of the charge 8 (second layer) and 9 (first layer).

Figure 2 presents the proposed combined filter containing sealing elements - removable locking device 10 (external threaded neck) and 11 (bottom holes).

The proposed combined filter according to the first and second options works as follows. The removable locking devices 10 and 11 are removed, after which, using an external threaded neck 2, the combined filter is connected to the elements of the RPD. When inhaling, air through the bottom opening 3 enters the inside of the filter. Passing through the aerosol filter 4 and the charge layers 9 and 8, fixed in the housing 1 by nets 5 and separated by a mesh or dust pad 6, and also through the dust tampon (s) 7, the air is cleaned and enters the masking space through the external threaded neck 2 of housing 1 SIZOD and used for breathing.

The tables are attached to the description.

Table 1 shows the dependence of the VZD on the composition of the charge of the combined filter according to the first embodiment in comparison with the prototype and analogue.

Table 2 shows the dependence of the VZD on the composition of the charge of the combined filter according to the second embodiment in comparison with the prototype and analogue.

Table 3 shows the dependence of the VZD on the ratio of the layers of the charge of the combined filter according to the first embodiment.

Table 4 shows the dependence of the VZD on the ratio of the layers of the charge of the combined filter according to the second embodiment.

Explanations for tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

1. The tables give the average values from the results of six tests under identical conditions.

2. Test conditions for VZD on ammonia: according to GOST 12.4.159-90 "SSBT. SIZOD filtering. Methods for determining the time of the protective effect of filtering and absorbing boxes on gaseous harmful substances ”at an output concentration of ammonia of 25 ppm, a volumetric flow rate of a constant gas-air stream (30 ± 0.75) dm ³ / min, relative humidity (70 ± 5)%, air temperature (20 ± 5) ° С.

3. Test conditions for NRMD on nitrogen monoxide: output concentration of 5 ppm, volumetric flow rate of constant gas-air flow (30 ± 0.75) dm ³ / min, relative humidity (70 ± 2)%, air temperature (20 ± 1) ° FROM.

Equilibrium wetting of the charge was carried out by passing constant air flow through the charge with a flow rate of (30 ± 5) dm ³ / min. at relative humidity (70 ± 2)% and temperature (20 ± 1) ° С. The filter was weighed periodically. The filter mixture was considered equilibrium wet if the weight reached a constant.

4. AOA - active alumina, PMT - permanganate, Ba - barium, Cu - copper, Zn - zinc, Ni - nickel, AC - activated carbon.

The results presented in table 1 show that the proposed combined filter according to the first embodiment:

1. Conforms to the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades and protection efficiency classes, respectively, K2, NOP3;

2. Compared with the analogue, it complies with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 on ammonia, nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the charge, has a higher high pressure on ammonia and nitrogen monoxide;

3. Compared with the prototype, it has a higher VZD for nitrogen monoxide, it has the ability to absorb nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the charge and meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for VZD for nitrogen monoxide;

4. Contains in the absorber of the first layer of the mixture on the basis of activated carbon copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate, which to a similar extent affect the absorption of ammonia;

5. May contain sulphates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium in the absorber of the first layer of the mixture, which contribute to an increase in the ammonia pressure drop, without interfering with the absorption of nitrogen monoxide;

6. Contains in the absorber of the second layer of the charge based on active alumina barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate, and / or zinc permanganate, and / or nickel permanganate, which to a similar degree affect the HPA;

7. Has an arrangement of layers of the mixture, which allows absorbing nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the mixture and have a sufficiently high VZD on nitrogen monoxide.

The results presented in table 2 show that the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment:

1. Conforms to the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades and protection efficiency classes, respectively, K2, NOP3;

2. Compared with the analogue, it complies with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for VZD for ammonia, nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the charge, has a higher VZD for ammonia and nitrogen monoxide;

3. Compared with the prototype, it has a higher VZD for nitric oxide, has the ability to absorb nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the charge and meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for VZD for nitrogen monoxide;

4. Possesses an increased VZD on ammonia;

5. Contains nickel chloride and / or zinc chloride, and / or cobalt chloride, and / or copper chloride, which similarly affect the absorption of ammonia, in the absorber of the first layer of an active carbon charge;

6. May contain nickel, zinc, cobalt and copper oxychlorides in the absorber of the first layer of the charge, which contribute to an increase in the ammonia pressure drop, without interfering with the absorption of nitrogen monoxide;

7. May contain copper sulphate and / or zinc sulphate in the absorber of the first layer of the charge, which to a similar degree affect the absorption of ammonia;

8. May contain sulfates and / or chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium in the absorber of the first layer of the mixture, which contribute to an increase in the ammonia pressure drop, without interfering with the absorption of nitrogen monoxide;

9. Contains in the absorber of the second layer of a charge based on active alumina barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate, and / or zinc permanganate, and / or nickel permanganate, which to a similar degree affect the HPA;

10. It has an arrangement of layers of the mixture, which allows absorbing nitrogen monoxide under conditions of moistening the mixture and have a sufficiently high CDW of nitrogen monoxide.

The data presented in table 3 show that the optimal ratio of the layers of the charge in the proposed combined filter according to the first embodiment is 1.0: (0.5-2.0), respectively.

The decrease in the second layer of the mixture of more than 0.5 leads to a significant decrease in the IDP of the proposed combined filter according to the first option for nitrogen monoxide and non-compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99.

The increase in the second layer of the charge of more than 2.0 leads to a significant decrease in the VZD of the proposed combined filter according to the first option for ammonia and non-compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99.

The data presented in table 4 show that the optimal ratio of the layers of the charge in the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment is 1.0: (0.5-2.1), respectively.

The decrease in the second layer of the mixture of more than 0.5 leads to a significant decrease in the VZD of the proposed combined filter according to the second option for nitrogen monoxide and non-compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99.

The increase in the second layer of the mixture of more than 2.1 leads to a significant decrease in the IDP of the proposed combined filter according to the second option for ammonia and non-compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99.

The layer of the charge from the absorber based on activated carbon in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options provides the absorption of ammonia.

The layer of the charge from the absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate and / or zinc permanganate and / or nickel permanganate in the combined filter according to the first and second options provides absorption of nitrogen monoxide and, to a lesser extent ammonia.

The use of a two-layer mixture with the proposed layers determines the versatility of protection of the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options. Moreover, the charge layers do not interfere with each other to absorb the corresponding substances.

The ratio of the layers of the charge in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options by volume, in contrast to the ratio of the layers along the length, guarantees the required accuracy of measuring the amount of the charge and allows you to control the ratio of the layers of the charge.

The aerosol filter in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options provides protection against aerosols.

Copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate in the charge of the proposed combined filter according to the first embodiment provides the absorption of ammonia.

Nickel chloride and / or zinc chloride and / or cobalt chloride and / or copper chloride in the charge of the proposed filter according to the second embodiment provides the absorption of ammonia.

The oxychlorides of nickel, zinc, cobalt and copper, together with the chlorides in the charge of the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment, provide effective absorption of ammonia and prevent the formation of insoluble metal compounds that can block access to micropores.

Sulphates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium in the charge of the proposed combined filter according to the first embodiment provide hydrophilicity of the inner surface of the active carbon base and effective absorption of the absorber by ammonia in high humidity conditions.

Chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium in the charge of the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment provide the hydrophilicity of the inner surface of the active carbon base and the efficient operation of the absorber in ammonia in high humidity conditions.

The proposed combined filter according to the first and second options is technologically advanced to manufacture, since it is not associated with the difficulties of obtaining uniformity of a mechanical mixture of charge components and charge components with a thermoplastic polymer.

The separation grid in the proposed combined filter according to the second embodiment is necessary to prevent mixing of the charge layers and thereby preserve the protective power of each layer.

Dust swab separating the layers of the charge in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options is necessary to prevent dust from entering the layer into the layer, which can increase the overall resistance of the charge.

An anti-dust swab separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options is necessary to prevent dust from entering the anti-aerosol filter, which can clog and reduce its dust absorption.

The use of sealing elements (figure 2) - removable locking devices of the external threaded neck of the body and the bottom hole, for example, a threaded cap with a seal and a rubber stopper, respectively, in the proposed combined filter according to the first and second options is necessary to ensure the catalytic and absorption properties of the charge during long-term storage .

The proposed combined filter according to the first and second options is a reliable and convenient element of the personal protective equipment for people during their technological operations at the chemical industry, has long-term universal reusable protection against nitrogen monoxide and ammonia.

The proposed combined filter has been successfully tested in the test center of FSUE VNIIM im. D.I. Mendeleev (St. Petersburg).

Claims (11)

1. Combined filter comprising a housing with an external threaded neck, a bottom, a two-layer charge, the first along the inhaled air from the layers of which is an absorber based on activated carbon with metal sulfate, a grid for fixing and separating the charge, a dust swab installed in the housing last along the inhaled air, characterized in that in the first layer of the charge copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate are used as metal sulfate, the second layer of the charge is an absorber based on active alumina, impregnated with barium permanganate and / or permanganate, copper and / or zinc permanganate, and / or permanganate, nickel layers were taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0.5-2.0), respectively, further comprises a particle filter. 2. The combined filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer of the mixture further comprises sulfates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium. 3. The combined filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the housing for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inhaled air to secure the charge, an anti-dust swab is used. 4. The combined filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holes of the external threaded neck and bottom are closed with removable locking devices. 5. Combined filter, comprising a housing with an external threaded neck, a bottom, a two-layer charge, the first along the inhaled air from the layers of which is an absorber based on activated carbon with metal chloride, a mesh for securing the charge, a dust swab installed in the housing last along respirable air, characterized in that in the first layer of the charge, nickel chloride and / or zinc chloride and / or cobalt chloride and / or copper chloride are used as metal chloride, while to the additives in the form of metal chlorides their oxychlorides may accompany, the second charge layer is an absorber based on active alumina impregnated with barium permanganate and / or copper permanganate and / or zinc permanganate and / or nickel permanganate, the layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1.0: (0 5-2.1), respectively, additionally contains an aerosol filter. 6. The combined filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the absorber of the first layer of the mixture further comprises chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium. 7. The combined filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the absorber of the first charge layer further comprises copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate. 8. The combined filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the absorber of the first charge layer further comprises sulfates and / or chlorides, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of potassium and / or sodium, copper sulfate and / or zinc sulfate. 9. The combined filter according to claim 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, characterized in that the layers of the mixture are separated by a grid. 10. The combined filter according to claim 5, 6, or 7, or 8, characterized in that in the housing for separating the charge and the first mesh along the inspired air to secure the charge, an anti-dust swab is used. 11. The combined filter according to claim 5, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that the holes of the external threaded neck and bottom are closed with removable locking devices.

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