RU2228211C1 - Respirator box - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: individual protection of person's respiration system against organic and nonorganic vapors, acid gases and vapors as well as against aerosols. SUBSTANCE: respirator box comprises body, bottom, nets, anti-dust plug and charge material. Charge material includes two layers of absorber based on activated carbon. Absorber of the first layer comprises alkaline compositions of potassium and/or sodium. Absorber of the second layer includes nickel chloride and/or copper sulfate. Volumetric ratio between the first and the second layers is 1: (0.8-1.2) accordingly. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment for human respiratory organs from organic vapors (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, etc.), acid gases and vapors (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, etc.), sulfur hydride, ammonia or from organic vapors, inorganic (chlorine, sulfur hydride, hydrogen cyan, etc.) and acid gases and vapors, ammonia, as well as aerosols.

Known gas mask box GP-7k [TU G-10-1104-82, Elektrostal], containing a housing, a bottom, grids, an anti-dust swab, an aerosol filter and a single-layer charge — a carbon adsorbent with copper, chromium, silver and triethylenediamine compounds [RU No. 2108149, class B 01 J 20/20, C 01 B 31/08, 02/20/1997], which provides protection against sending substances (chlorocyan, phosgene, sarin, etc.), organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors, aerosols.

The disadvantage of the GP-7k box is the lack of protection against ammonia and the insufficiently high protective time for inorganic and acid gases and vapors.

Known absorbent box of small size PPF-95M brand KD [JSC "Himconverse" Industrial protective equipment for respiratory and skin. Catalog. Moscow, 1997, p.11, 19], similar in design to the GP-7k box and containing a body, a bottom, nets, an anti-dust swab and a single-layer charge — a carbon adsorbent with copper sulfate. This box protects against ammonia and sulfur hydride.

The disadvantage of the PP-95M KD brand box is the inability to absorb inorganic (except sulfur hydride) and acid gases and vapors.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed box is a gas mask [RU No. 2124912, cl. A 62 B 23/02, 01/20/1999], consisting of a body, a bottom, nets, an anti-dust swab and a charge.

A disadvantage of the known gas mask box is the limited versatility caused by the narrow spectrum of action of one layer of the charge.

The authors were faced with the task of developing an extended-spectrum gas mask for absorbing organic vapors, acid gases and vapors, sulfur hydride, ammonia and for absorbing organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors, ammonia, with and without aerosol protection.

The result is achieved by the fact that:

1. The gas mask box, consisting of a body, a bottom, nets, an anti-dust swab, contains a mixture comprising two layers of adsorbents: the first is based on activated carbon with alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium, the second is based on activated carbon with nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate, with the layers taken in a volume ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2), respectively.

2. The adsorbent of the first layer further comprises copper oxides.

3. The gas mask box further contains an aerosol filter.

The proposed gas box is shown in the drawing.

Figure 1 presents a variant of the gas mask box, which consists of a housing 1, bottom 2, nets 3, dust-proof tampon 4, charge layers 6 (activated carbon, alkaline potassium and / or sodium compounds, or activated carbon, copper oxides, alkaline potassium compounds and / or sodium) and 7 (activated carbon, nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate). Figure 2 presents a variant of the gas mask box, which consists of a housing 1, a bottom 2, nets 3, an anti-dust swab 4, an aerosol filter 5, layers of a charge 6 (active carbon, alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium, or active carbon, copper oxides , alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium) and 7 (activated carbon, nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate).

Gas box works as follows.

When inhaling, air through an opening in the bottom 2 enters the inside of the gas mask box. After passing through the aerosol filter 5 and the charge layers 6 and 7, fixed in the housing 1 by nets 3, as well as through the dust swab 4, the air is purified and through the threaded neck of the housing enters the mask space of the front of the gas mask and is used for breathing.

The difference of the proposed gas mask box is that:

- the mixture includes two layers of adsorbent on active carbon;

- the adsorbent of the first layer of the mixture contains alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium;

- the adsorbent of the second layer contains nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate;

- the mixture consists of layers taken in a volume ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2), respectively;

- the adsorbent of the first layer further comprises copper oxides;

- the gas mask box further comprises an aerosol filter.

The adsorbent layer containing activated carbon, alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium in the box provides absorption of organic vapors, acid gases and vapors, sulfur hydride.

Alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium (oxides, hydroxides, carbonates) in the adsorbent are necessary for the absorption of acid gases and vapors and some inorganic substances.

The adsorbent layer containing activated carbon, copper oxides, alkaline potassium and / or sodium compounds in the box provides absorption of organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors.

The copper oxides in the adsorbent are necessary for the absorption of inorganic gases and vapors and, to a lesser extent, acid gases and vapors.

An adsorbent layer containing activated carbon, nickel chloride, in the box provides absorption of organic vapor and ammonia.

An adsorbent layer containing activated carbon, copper sulfate in a box provides absorption of organic vapors, sulfur hydride and ammonia.

The aerosol filter in the proposed box provides protection from dust, smoke, fog.

The use of a two-layer mixture with the proposed layers determines the versatility of the protection of the proposed gas box. In this case, the layers of the charge do not interfere with each other to absorb the corresponding substances and can be located in the box first in the air flow, both one and the other.

Data on the time of the protective effect of the proposed gas box, as well as its analogues, are shown in table 1.

The data presented in table 1 show that the proposed box, in comparison with the analogue of GP-7k, protects against ammonia and has an increased protective time for sulfur dioxide and hydride in comparison with the analogue of PPF-95M grade KD, protects against sulfur dioxide and hydrogen cyanide .

Data on the selection of the ratio of the layers of the mixture are shown in table 2.

The data presented in table 2 show that the optimal volumetric ratio of the layers of the charge in the proposed box 1: (0.8-1.2), respectively. A decrease in the amount of adsorbent in the second layer of the charge of less than 0.8 or an increase of more than 1.2 leads to a significant reduction in the time of the protective effect of the proposed box on one of the substances.

The proposed gas mask box has a fairly high protective time:

- for organic vapors, acid gases and vapors, sulfur hydride, ammonia with a charge, including activated carbon, alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium, nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate;

- for organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors, ammonia with a charge comprising activated carbon, copper oxides, alkaline potassium and / or sodium compounds, nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate;

- with and without aerosol protection.

Experimental batches of the proposed gas mask box were manufactured and tested in laboratory conditions for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 “SSBT Personal respiratory protection equipment. Gas filters and combined. General specifications. ” Tests have shown that the boxes comply with GOST R 12.4.193-99.

Further production of the proposed gas mask box for industry is planned.

Claims (3)

1. Gas mask box consisting of a body, a bottom, nets, an anti-dust swab and a charge, characterized in that the charge includes two layers of adsorbent based on activated carbon, the adsorbent of the first layer contains alkaline compounds of potassium and / or sodium, while the adsorbent of the second layer contains nickel chloride and / or copper sulfate, the layers are taken in a volume ratio of 1: (0.8 ÷ 1.2), respectively. 2. The gas mask box according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsorbent of the first layer further comprises copper oxides. 3. The gas mask box according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains an aerosol filter.

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