RU2494824C1 - Method of oil sludge processing using microwave electromagnetic effects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. In compliance with proposed method, prior to feeding oil sludge into microwave reactor, defined are relative dielectric permeability, specific electric conductivity, density, heat capacity, factor of attenuation of electromagnetic wave in medium, volume source of heat, processed medium initial temperature and critical temperature for medium to be heated, time of adsorption equilibrium stabilisation time and calculated are effective oil sludge flow rate in microwave reactor and rate of processed medium feed into said reactor. Oil sludge is processed in said reactor and fed into three-phase decanter whereat oil sludge is separated into stock-tank oil, water and mechanical impurities. Distance to three-phase decanter is defined by adsorption equilibrium stabilisation on water globules. This invention efficiently solves the problems of oil sludge processing with efficient dewatering and desalting.

EFFECT: high quality commercial oil, water recycling, decreased discharge of hydrocarbons, carbonic and other gases in atmosphere, lower costs and better environmental conditions.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of technology for the processing and disposal of oil waste and can be used in the production of oil and oil refining industries to create technological systems for the processing and disposal of oil sludge using microwave processing. It provides an increase in the quality of separation of oil sludge into separate fractions (marketable oil, water and mechanical impurities) due to volumetric heating and thermodynamic processes that occur in an environment exposed to microwave energy in the reactor, as well as reducing energy costs.

The known method implemented by the device for the separation of the oil-water mixture (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 40925 IPC 7 V08V 7/04 published on 10/10/2004), which consists in exposure to microwave energy from a source of electromagnetic waves on the medium being processed — an oil-water mixture in the pipeline. As a result of exposure to microwave energy, the oil-water mixture is processed. The apparatus consists of a pipe comprising the inlet piping section and the output section of the pipeline, to the end wall of the inlet section of the pipeline diameter d _tr> 2 / 2.61, connected input microwave power unit configured as a waveguide nozzle diameter d _n> 2 / 3.41 hermetically a closed end, located inside the inlet section of the pipeline, with a translucent diaphragm of a conical shape and with a waveguide flange at the other end, to which a microwave path of a microwave energy source is connected. The height h _{d of the} diaphragm is from half to one and a half diameters of the base d _{oc of the} diaphragm, and the diameter of the base d _{oc of the} diaphragm is taken at least 2 / 3.41. Through the end wall of the inlet section of the pipeline, inlet and outlet air nozzles are introduced into the waveguide pipe. The oil input unit is located on the side wall of the inlet section of the pipeline opposite the side surface of the waveguide pipe, and the apex of the radiolucent diaphragm is turned inland into the inlet section of the pipeline. The output section of the pipeline contains nodes selection fractions. Power control is carried out manually or not provided.

The disadvantage of this device is the ineffectiveness of the effect of the electromagnetic field on the medium due to local exposure, as a result of which there is an irrational energy consumption of the device and the quality of the processed mixture is reduced.

The closest analogue of the invention is a gas-oil mixture separation device (RF patent No. 2196227 IPC 7 Е21В 43/34 published January 10, 2003), consisting of a pipeline containing three sections: inlet, middle and outlet sections, the middle section is filled with a longitudinally oriented bundle of thin pipes, the output section is made inclined and contains nodes for selecting fractions of the oil emulsion. The inlet section of the pipe is made with a diameter d _tr > 2 / 2.61, on the side surface of which through the holes are connected the input unit for oil and the input units of the microwave energy input made in the form of pipes with waveguide flanges to which microwave energy sources are connected using the microwave path. The nozzles contain a dielectric matching and sealing liner, and the outlet section of the pipeline contains units for selecting fractions for oil and water gas. In this device, the oil-water mixture in the pipeline is exposed to microwave energy from a source of electromagnetic waves.

However, the described installation cannot be used for such highly stable oil-water emulsions as oil sludge emulsions. In addition, this method does not provide for the process of restoring adsorption shells on the surface of water globules, preventing them from merging, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of applying a microwave electromagnetic field in the processing of water-oil emulsions and oil sludges.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of efficient processing of oil sludge using microwave energy, which allows to improve the quality of processed products.

,The technical result in a method for the processing of oil sludge using microwave electromagnetic exposure, which consists in the continuous exposure of a microwave electromagnetic field from a source of electromagnetic waves to a sludge stream in a microwave reactor, is achieved by determining the relative permittivity ε 'before applying the oil sludge to a microwave reactor, specific electrical conductivity σ, density ρ, specific heat C, attenuation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave in the medium from the following relation: $$\alpha =\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\mu "\; filenames="00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\mu </figure-callout>}}_0\sigma c}{2\sqrt{\epsilon \text{'}\text{'}}}$$

,

,where μ ₀ is the magnetic constant, c is the speed of light in vacuum, volumetric heat sources are determined from the following ratio: $$q=\frac{\alpha N_0{e}^{\alpha r}}{\mathrm{four}\pi r^2}$$

,

where N ₀ is the radiation power of electromagnetic waves, r is the radius of the microwave reactor, determine the initial temperature of the medium to be treated T ₀ and the critical temperature T _cr , to which the medium to be heated, determine the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium t _α equal to the time of the curve tgδ ( t) in a stationary mode, for which a sample of oil sludge processed in a microwave oven to a temperature T _cr is placed in a measuring electrophysical cell, the temperature T _{cr is} maintained in the cell, and the dependence of the dielectric tangent tric loss tgδ (t) versus time.

Based on certain parameters, the effective oil sludge flow rate in the microwave reactor and the flow rate of the processed products into the microwave reactor are calculated according to the following formulas:

$$\upsilon =\frac{qL}{\rho C\left(T_{\mathrm{to}R}-T_0\right)},$$

$$$$

$$Q=\pi r^2\upsilon ,$$

where L is the length of the microwave reactor.

For a more complete destruction of oil sludge into separate fractions to prevent the process of reverse adsorption of polar oil components on water globules after a microwave reactor, the processed products are fed to a three-phase decanter. where there is a separation of oil sludge into commercial oil, water and solids. The distance to the three-phase decanter R is determined by the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium on water globules t _α :

R <υt _α .

Figure 1 shows the time dependence tgδ of a sample of oil sludge after microwave electromagnetic treatment, which shows that after some time the value of the dielectric loss tangent increases and sets at a certain average value, which corresponds to the establishment of adsorption equilibrium.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of a device for implementing the method of processing oil sludge using microwave electromagnetic exposure. Legend: 1 and 1 ′ - sources of electromagnetic waves, 2 - waveguides, 3 - microwave reactor. 4 - three-phase decanter.

The method is carried out in the following sequence:

Before the oil sludge is fed into the microwave reactor, its relative permittivity ε ', electrical conductivity σ, density ρ, specific heat C, and attenuation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave in the medium are determined from the following ratio: $$\alpha =\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\mu "\; filenames="00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\mu </figure-callout>}}_0\sigma c}{2\sqrt{\epsilon \text{'}\text{'}}},$$

where and μ ₀ is the magnetic constant, with the speed of light in vacuum, volumetric heat sources are determined from the following ratio:

$$q=\frac{\alpha N_0{e}^{\alpha r}}{\mathrm{four}\pi r^2},$$

where N ₀ is the radiation power of electromagnetic waves in the reactor, r is the radius of the microwave reactor, determine the initial temperature of the processed medium T ₀ and the critical temperature T _cr , to which it is necessary to heat the processed medium, determine the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium t _α equal to the curve exit time tgδ (t) for stationary mode, for which a sample of oil sludge treated in a microwave oven to a temperature t _cr, Electrophysical placed in a measuring cell, in the cell maintained at a temperature t _cr, is plotted tan SFA dielectric loss tgδ (t) versus time (Figure 1).

Based on certain parameters, the effective oil sludge flow rate in the microwave reactor υ and the flow rate of the processed products into the microwave reactor Q are calculated using the following formulas:

$$\upsilon =\frac{qL}{\rho C\left(T_{\mathrm{to}R}-T_0\right)},$$

$$$$

$$Q=\pi r^2\upsilon ,$$

where L is the length of the microwave reactor.

Next, the sludge through the pump is fed into the microwave reactor 3 with a flow rate Q (figure 2). Include sources of electromagnetic waves 1 and 1 ', continuously acting on the flow of oil sludge with a capacity of N ₀ .

After microwave processing, the products are fed into a three-phase decanter 4, where the separation of oil sludge into commercial oil, water and mechanical impurities takes place. The distance to the three-phase decanter R is determined by the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium on water globules t _α :

R <υt _α .

An example of specific calculations.

Before filing the oil sludge in the microwave reactor, its following parameters were determined:

ε 'is 5.3;

σ - 0.025 S / m;

ρ - 870 kg / m ³ ;

C - 867 J / kg * K;

µ ₀ - 1.26 * 10 ^-6 GN / m;

N ₀ - 15.0 kW;

r - 0.1 m;

T ₀ - 295 K;

T _cr - 351 K;

t _α - 120 s;

L - 6.0 m.

Further, using the above formulas, the following parameters for processing oil sludge from a microwave electromagnetic field were calculated:

α = 2.05 m ^-1 ;

;q = 0.3 * 10 ⁶ $$\frac{\mathrm{AT}t}{m^3}$$

;

;υ = 0,043 $$\frac{m}{\mathrm{from}}$$

;

;Q = 4.8 $$\frac{m^3}{h}$$

;

R <5.1 m.

This invention comprehensively solves the problems of processing oil sludge with the achievement of the necessary efficiency of its dehydration and desalination. The application of the invention will allow: to obtain high-quality commercial oil, to reuse water in technological processes, to reduce emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, to reduce the operating costs of enterprises for the maintenance of landfills and storage of organic and oily waste, to reduce the company's payments for environmental pollution.

Claims (1)

A method of processing oil sludge using microwave electromagnetic exposure, including the continuous exposure of a microwave electromagnetic field to a moving processed medium, characterized in that before the oil sludge is fed into the microwave reactor, its relative permittivity ε ′, electrical conductivity σ, density ρ, heat capacity C, attenuation coefficient of the electromagnetic wave in the medium from the following ratio: $$\alpha =\frac{{\mu }_0\sigma c}{2\sqrt{\epsilon \text{'}\text{'}}},$$

where µ ₀ is the magnetic constant, c is the speed of light in vacuum, volumetric heat sources are determined from the following ratio: $$q=\frac{\alpha N_0{e}^{\alpha r}}{\mathrm{four}\pi r^2}$$

, where N ₀ is the radiation power of electromagnetic waves, r is the radius of the microwave reactor, the initial temperature of the medium being treated is determined, T ₀ and the critical temperature T _cr , to which the medium to be heated, is determined by the time of establishment of adsorption equilibrium t _α equal to the time of the curve tgδ ( t) in stationary mode, for which a sample of oil sludge processed in a microwave oven to a temperature T _cr is placed in a measuring electrophysical cell, the temperature T _{cr is} maintained in the cell, and the dependence of the dielectric tangent ktric losses tanδ (t) versus time, the effective oil sludge flow rate in the microwave reactor and the flow rate of the processed products into the microwave reactor are calculated according to the following formulas:
$$\upsilon =\frac{qL}{\rho C\left(T_{\mathrm{to}R}-T_0\right)},$$

$$$$

$$Q=\pi r^2\upsilon ,$$

where L is the length of the microwave reactor, after the microwave reactor, the processed products are fed to a three-phase decanter, where oil sludge is separated into commercial oil, water and solids, the distance to the three-phase decanter R is determined from the ratio:
R <υt _α .

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