RU2494254C2 - Method of sapropel production and plant for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method and plant for sapropel production from the bottom of water reservoirs includes its mining with the help of spiral knives on a cone head of auger transport, its lifting to the reducer with two randomly round-directed output shafts, where jackets of two augers are connected with the help of a corrugated reinforced hose, transportation by another auger into floating containers for filling, towing of containers in a bunch by a boat to piers, their lifting along the trestle on a special trolley upwards, and their emptying by tilting onto a vibration sieve for removal of foreign objects (bottles, stones, plants, etc.), collection of sapropel in a hopper - accumulator for transportation to consumers.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of production of organic sapropel and cleaning of water reservoir.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of extraction from the bottom of water bodies of silty soils, in particular sapropel.

A known method of producing sapropel, including excavating sapropel by means of hydromechanization, transporting the pulp through a pipeline to condensation fields and drying in settling tanks, thickening and freezing, milling the top layer and drying to 50% relative humidity, cleaning and stacking in stacks, loading and delivery by road [Fomin A.I. Technology for the production of local fertilizers (sapropels). - M.: Higher School, 1969].

The described technology requires large capital expenditures, so to obtain 700-800 thousand tons per year, it is necessary to build sedimentation tanks on an area of 450 hectares, slurry pipelines, canals, roads, deliver dredgers, and bring electricity. With this method, significant losses of sapropel. For the placement of sedimentation tanks, the alienation of a significant part of agricultural land in lacustrine basins, the most fertile lands, is required. The return of a large amount of sludge back to the lake is unacceptable: since these waters are enriched with nutrients and can contribute to the development of algae clogging of the water area.

There is also known a method of extraction from the bottom of water bodies of sapropel and other unbound soils, including its extraction using a mobile mining unit and hydrotransport, and the extraction is carried out by fan calls from the periphery to the center, while the center is a point on the shore. The device includes containers for loading extracted material, an electric drive and a soil pump mounted on a floating base, a screw propeller and a screw working element connected with a flexible sleeve with containers for loading extracted material, a base machine and a drum for winding a flexible sleeve with a re-platform, while loading containers of the extracted material, and the electric drive and drum for winding a flexible sleeve with a re-platform are placed on the base machine, and the flexible sleeve is reinforced with cable elements (pa RF tent No. 2023160 C1, IPC E21C 50/00, E21C 45/00, 1994).

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability due to the fact that the removable module is moved using a screw propeller, and the reverse movement is carried out by the traction drum, the sapropel is fed to the shore by a screw working body and a piston pump along a flexible sleeve wound around the drum. The device is not designed constructively.

Also known installation, consisting of pontoons mounted on them with a carriage, a slaughter, transport pipeline. The transport pipeline mounted inside the pin with the central shaft rotating in the end and intermediate bearings contains screw pumps that are installed on the lower end of the shaft and below the intermediate support, a blade loading device for the pump of the lower shaft end with a cutter cantilever mounted on the shaft end and a vibration breaker. The vibration damper is made in the form of pads mounted on levers that can be rotated around the axes mounted on the pump casing above the loading device, from an inclined position relative to the horizontal to a vertical position within the channel dimension formed by the rotating cutter. The loading device consists of two blades. The lower one is made in the form of a disk having a screw surface and rigidly fixed to the shaft, the upper blade is in the form of a strip having a ruled surface, which forms a straight line lying in the radial plane and passing through the axis of rotation of the screw and a circle equal to the diameter of the casing of the screw pump has variable angle to the axis. The strip is fixed to the shaft using a plate lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and an inclined platform, which is a continuation of the screw pump revolution [RF Patent No. 2061867 C1, IPC E21C 45/00, E02F 3/88, 1996].

The disadvantage of this installation is the production of sapropel with a certain, fixed depth vertical screw device in the form of round pits at the bottom of the reservoir, therefore, the low productivity of the installation and only partial production of sapropel.

The aim of the invention is to develop a simple, practical way to extract sapropel from the bottom of reservoirs with an area of up to 10 ha using a highly efficient installation.

This is achieved by the fact that the sapropel mined by a special installation is packed near floating vessels in floating containers, which are then towed by a boat to the berth in a bundle, then they are lifted up with a winch on the overpass on a trolley, where they are emptied by tipping onto a vibrating grate to remove bottles, stones, vegetation in a special a container, and the purified sapropel is collected in a storage bin, from where it is transported to consumers by vehicles. The installation for sapropel mining is installed on a watercraft in the form of a catamaran with an engine, a transfer case, a bevel gear that transmits torque to the gearbox with two output shafts with randomly circularly directed output shafts for driving the production and transporting screws, the casings of which are connected by a corrugated hose near the gearbox and the production head the screw is made conical with feed spiral knives made of spring steel, and the knives form a spherical profile.

Figure 1 shows a watercraft with a sapropel mining installation, side view; figure 2 is a top view of the craft; figure 3 - trestle with sapropelite on the shore of the reservoir; figure 4 is a top view of the flyover; figure 5 is a view of the head of the sapropelobus screw; Fig.6 is a view along arrow A (bottom) of the head of Fig.5; figure 7 - hose connection of the casings of the mining and conveying screws.

On a catamaran 1 with control wheel 2, engine 3, transfer case 4, bevel gear 5, centrifugal pump 6 for driving a water-jet propulsion 7, a bevel gear through a safety clutch 8 is connected to the gear 9 with two randomly directed output shafts for driving the mining - lifting 10 and conveying 11 screws. The end of the producing screw is equipped with a head 12 with a conical casing 13. The shaft 14 of the screw has a lower support 15, a screw conical pump 16 and spiral knives 18 mounted on the crosspiece 17, which protrude under the edge of the casing 13, forming a spherical profile. The output shafts of gear 9 using couplings 19 and 20 are connected to the shafts of the screws, and the shrouds 21 and 22 of the screws are fixed to the housings 23 and 24 of the bearings of the gear 9. The hatches - cutouts 25 and 26 near the gear of the shrouds of the screws are connected by a twisted reinforced hose 27. To change the position (raising - lowering) of the producing auger 11, a winch 28 with a chain hoist 29 is provided, mounted on an arm 30. On the casing of the end of the conveying auger, closing hatches 31 are provided for unloading the sapropel. On the shore of the reservoir on poles 32, an inclined lifting ramp 33 is arranged, the lower part of which is 34 in the water, and the upper 35 is rounded down. To receive and accumulate sapropel, a storage hopper 36 is provided with a vibrating sieve 37 in the receiving part of the hopper and a traction winch 38. The container 39 is used to collect foreign objects. The shore of the reservoir is equipped with moorings 40 with bridges 41. Floating containers 42 are provided for collecting and transporting the extracted sapropel to the storage hopper 36, and a special trolley 43 with different wheel heights connected to the winch cable pull 38 is provided for lifting the overpass. The catamaran mover can be otherwise, for example, a lead screw.

It is proposed to extract organic sapropel from small (up to 10 ha) forest lakes as follows.

From round lakes, the sapropel mining unit is driven by radial working passages, from elongated lakes - by parallel working passages. Installation (Fig.1 and 2) begins the passage from the edge of the coast into the lake. For this, the mining and lifting screw 10 is lowered to the bottom of the head 12, the drive is turned on, the spiral knives 18 bite into the sapropel mass and feed it from the periphery to the center, from where the screw rises to the gearbox 9 with a conical pump 16 and screw 10 and through the corrugated hose 27 and the conveyor screw 11 is fed into the floating containers 42 mounted near the nose of the catamaran. Opening - closing hatches 31 fill the containers and attach to the side of the vessel. Empty containers are attached on one side, and containers filled with sapropel on the other. The catamaran in small speed moves deep into the reservoir, while the producing auger automatically changes its position, changing the angle of inclination. The conical casing 13 from the side of contact with the sapropel may have an end cutout. The diameter and pitch of the augers are designed for passage and transportation of bottles; when driving augers and a hygro-reinforced hose, a reverse stroke and hatches for cleaning are provided. Then the containers are hooked sequentially one after another and in a bundle are towed by a boat to berths 40. Full containers are attached to one berth, empty containers to the other. Then the full container is mounted on a special trolley 43 and the winch 38 with a cable is lifted up, where the container is tipped over, dumping the contents onto the vibrating sieve 37. The vibrating sieve has a slope and when shaking the sapropel falls down into the storage hopper, and foreign objects (bottles, stones, plants) fall from the end of the sieve into the collection container 39. Then the empty container is placed on the trolley and goes down. And the process is repeated. Organic sapropel is transported from consumers to the storage bin.

The method and technology for the extraction of organic sapropel is simple and practical to implement, the installation allows high-quality extraction of sapropel and clean the pond.

Claims (4)

1. The method of extraction of sapropel, including its extraction using a mobile mining unit mounted on a boat in the form of a catamaran, its transportation to the shore, characterized in that the sapropel is packed around the boat in floating containers, which are then transported in a bundle by a tow boat to the pier, then they are lifted with the help of a winch along the overpass on a trolley up, where they are emptied by tipping onto a vibrating grate to remove bottles, stones, vegetation into a special container, and the peeled sapropel It is stored in a storage bin, from where it is transported to consumers by vehicles. 2. Installation for the extraction of sapropel, containing a watercraft in the form of a catamaran with an engine, a transfer case, a bevel gear connected via a safety clutch with a gear for driving auger working bodies, characterized in that the gearbox is made with two randomly directed circular output shafts, and the shrouds of screws mounted on the bearing housing of the output shafts and cut-outs of the casings for supplying sapropel near the gearbox from the lifting screw to the transporting one are connected by a corrugated hose. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing head of the producing and raising sapropel screw is made conical with feed spiral knives made of spring steel on the cross of the end of the screw shaft. 4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the knives in the head form a spherical profile.

Images