RU2494145C1 - Microbiological air treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has a housing partially filled with a liquid and having an inlet pipe for contaminated air and an outlet pipe for clean air, and a cover. The cover has on its inner side a channel with an opening. The housing is divided by a partition wall into a working chamber fitted with a spraying device made in form of a drum having threads with a lyophilic surface attached to its surface, and a settling chamber. An air supply source is mounted at the inlet of the working chamber. A preliminary filter is mounted in the opening of the channel. A biofilter is mounted in front of the outlet pipe of clean air in the top part of the settling chamber. The liquid used is a nutrient solution for microorganisms of the biofilter, and the inner surface of the cover in the area of washing contaminated air as it passes between the cover and the drum lies equidistant from the surface of the drum.

EFFECT: high efficiency and quality of treatment owing to removal of contaminant organic compounds, pathogenic microorganisms, odours and dust from the air.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to biological purification devices, mainly for cleaning air from dust, polluting organic compounds, pathogens, odors and can be used in agriculture.

A known biofilter for cleaning air from polluting organic substances, containing a housing, a carrier of microorganisms, an irrigation system of a carrier of microorganisms, an irrigation solution capacity, a microorganism feeding system, supply and removal of polluted air, a droplet eliminator to prevent the entrainment of water droplets with microorganisms (Russia, utility model certificate No. 36263, B01B 53/00, publ. 10.03.2004). [one]

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design of the irrigation system.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is an apparatus for wet gas purification, comprising a housing with a cover, partially filled with liquid, including a working and settling chamber, an inertial moisture separator. In the working chamber of the apparatus there is a sprinkler in the form of a drum with elastic threads, equipped with a drive. The dusty gas stream is washed when it comes into contact with liquid sprays generated when films are removed from the blades of a rotating wheel due to centrifugal forces (USSR author's certificate No. 78895 IPC B01D 45/12, B01D 47/02, publ. 07.12.82). [2]

Hydrofiltration is very effective against dust and other particles, but is powerless to fight microorganisms, can only eliminate faint odors.

Thus, the disadvantage of this device is the inability to clean the air from polluting organic compounds, pathogens and odors.

The task of the invention is the comprehensive purification of polluted air from polluting organic compounds, pathogens, odors and dust.

This task is achieved due to the fact that the known installation for microbiological air purification, containing a partially filled housing with a nozzle for supplying contaminated air and a nozzle for removing purified air and a lid having a chute with a hole on the inside, is divided by a partition into a working chamber with her sprayer, made in the form of a drum with threads fixed on its surface, the surface of which is lyophilic, and a settling chamber is set The ka is equipped with an air supply source fixed at the inlet to the working chamber, a pre-filter installed in the gutter opening, and a biofilter located in the upper part of the settling chamber in front of the cleaned air outlet, a nutrient solution for microorganisms of the biofilter is used as a liquid, and the inner surface the cover in the washing zone of contaminated air as it passes between the cover and the drum is made equidistant to the surface of the drum.

The proposed technical solution provides air purification not only from dust, but also from polluting organic compounds, pathogens and odors, that is, it improves the efficiency and quality of cleaning.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed technical solution is to increase the efficiency and quality of cleaning by removing polluting organic compounds, pathogens and odors from the air.

In biofilters, the cleaned air is passed through a nozzle layer irrigated with a liquid containing nutrients, which creates moisture sufficient to maintain the vital activity of microorganisms. The surface of the nozzle is covered with a biologically active biofilm (BP) of microorganisms. BP microorganisms in the process of their life absorb and destroy substances contained in the air. The decomposition of substances occurs under the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms in the air. Such filters are used to deodorize air. After the filter, the liquid enters the sumps and then again is supplied for irrigation.

Biofiltration is successfully used to remove various odors (agricultural, associated with the food industry and the processing of sewage and food waste), odorous inorganic substances (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia), etc.

The essence of the proposed solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the proposed installation for microbiological air purification.

The installation includes a housing 1, made in the form of a rectangular container and divided inside by a partition 2 into a working chamber 3 and a settling chamber 4. To the housing 1 are attached nozzles 5 and 6, respectively, for supplying polluted and discharging purified air, which are connected to the duct (not shown in the figure ) An air supply source 7 is installed at the inlet of the working chamber 3. A biofilter 8 is fixed in the upper part of the settling chamber 4. A drum 9 is installed inside the working chamber 3 of the housing 1 with threads fixed on its surface, the surface of which is lyophilic, i.e. has a high degree of wetting. On top of the housing 1 is closed by a lid 10, made equidistant to the surface of the drum 9. On the inner side of the lid 10 of the housing 1 along its entire width there is a groove 11 with a hole in which the pre-filter 12 is fixed.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Liquid is poured into the housing 1 to a level at which the drum 9 is immersed in it by about a third of the diameter of the drum. By means of an electric drive, the drum 9 is rotated with threads fixed to it with a lyophilic surface. Contaminated air flow is supplied through the pipe 5 and passes in the space between the drum 9 and the cover 10, in which it is flushed. When the drum surface is in the liquid, the threads attached to it with the lyophilic surface are wetted. In the washing zone of a contaminated air stream from wetted threads under the action of centrifugal forces, the liquid films break down and break up into many small drops. The resulting liquid droplets penetrate the contaminated air stream, trapping dust particles in its path, and settle on the wall of the lid 10, which is made in the washing zone along the cylindrical surface of the drum surface to increase the contact time of the air stream with dispersed (crushed) liquid. A sufficiently large number of threads on the drum, each of which is a source of generation of liquid droplets, provides a high density of irrigation of polluted air. Liquid with dust particles deposited on the surface of the lid 10, due to the friction forces of the moving air stream, flows into the groove 11 and is discharged into the working cavity 3 through the preliminary filter 12.

Pre-cleaned after washing the air together with drops of liquid falls on the surface of the biofilter 8, the reliable operation of which can be achieved only with uniform irrigation with liquid on its surface. The liquid is a nutrient solution for microorganisms of biofilter 8. In biofilter 8, decomposition of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and other organosulfur compounds occurs under the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms in the air. After passing the biofilter 8, the cleaned air enters the outlet pipe 6.

The upper cleaner layers of the nutrient solution entering the settling chamber 4 after the biofilter 8, when the liquid level rises above the partition 2, overflow and enter the working chamber 3. It is advisable to filter and return to the working chamber 3 the nutrient solution remaining in the settling chamber 4.

Thus, the proposed design allows you to clean the polluted air not only from dust, as in the known apparatus, but also from polluting organic compounds, pathogens, odors.

Claims (1)

Installation for microbiological air purification, containing a partially filled body with a nozzle for supplying contaminated air and a nozzle for removing purified air, and a lid having a chute with an opening on the inside, the body is divided by a partition into the working chamber with a sprinkler mounted in it, made in the form of a drum with threads fixed on its surface, the surface of which is lyophilic, and a settling chamber, characterized in that the installation is provided with an air supply source a, fixed at the inlet to the working chamber, a pre-filter fixed in the opening of the chute, and a biofilter located in the upper part of the settling chamber in front of the cleaned air exhaust pipe, a nutrient solution for microorganisms of the biofilter was used as a liquid, and the inner surface of the lid in the washing zone contaminated air as it passes between the lid and the drum is made equidistant to the surface of the drum.