RU2494005C1 - Aircraft carrier landing complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engineering, particularly, to takeoff and landing support hardware and can be used for equipment of aircraft carrier shorter runways. Proposed landing complex comprises catapult and/or arrested landing device, their operation is driven by at least one underwater parachute. Distribution of parachute forces among using equipment is supported or not supported by drum-type distributor.

EFFECT: driven arrested landing device and catapult, better operating conditions.

15 cl

Description

The invention relates to aircraft and relates to devices and mechanisms for providing takeoff and landing of aircraft, can be used for equipment of shortened runways and landing strips of aircraft carriers.

A power device is known for the Svetlana-2 type polyspast-hydraulic aerofinisher mounted on the Admiral Fleet Kuznetsov heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser with Su-33 sea-based aircraft (A. Fomin "Su-27. Fighter History." RA Intervestnik, Moscow, 1990 d), designed to brake the aircraft when landing on the deck, the basis of which is a hydraulic plunger brake connected by a brake cable through an 18-fold pulley block, a system of blocks and damping devices with a receiving cable, is located fired across the runway. The weight of the device is about 90 tons.

The disadvantages of this system are:

a) large weight and size indicators;

b) the impossibility of regulating (digitizing) the braking process.

A catapult power device is known in the form of an electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) developed by General Atomics specifically for the promising new-class aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford, being built in the United States, on which there is no steam-powered installation due to the use of new CODAG engines (COmbined Diesel And Gas). The total mass of 225 tons, consists of pulse generators, a control system and a linear synchronous electric motor with a capacity of 100,000 hp.

The disadvantages of the system are that EMALS will require more electricity than the ship can provide. The high heating temperature of the linear motor, its high weight, its modest acceleration speed, and the high complexity of this catapult suggest that this device requires, at a minimum, a reflection of its prospects for use on ships.

Known power device of the steam catapult tina "Svetlana-1", installed on the training complex "NITKA", containing two parallel slotted cylinders, each with a diameter of 53 cm and a length of 100 m, inside of which pistons move, interconnected and attached to the shuttle. To disperse the aircraft, steam is used under a pressure of 64 atmospheres from the steam accumulator to the cylinders. The shuttle acceleration is determined by the type of aircraft, its take-off weight, wind speed and direction, as well as air temperature, and depends on the amount of steam entering the slotted cylinders.

The disadvantages of steam catapults include the large length of the slotted booster cylinder, which is difficult to produce, as well as the significant dimensions of the brake cylinder caused by the braking of a significant mass of the booster system - pistons and shuttle, a significant mass of catapults - the estimated mass of two catapults with steam-powered equipment for their operation (this is not about steam generators, but only about the system supplying steam to the catapults) is from 3 to 3.5 thousand tons, and a large volume (up to 4600 m ³ ), as well as a large steam consumption during intensive launch of aircraft - 9-20% of the maximum steam capacity of the boilers, which condenses in large quantities after each take-off and is etched from the acceleration track of the catapult throughout the entire piston movement (90 m), therefore the steam capacity of the power plant is not enough to provide both ship progress and operation catapult at the same time - the speed of the ship during intensive flights is not more than 20 knots. The technical design of the slotted cylinder is very laborious, and its bed in the ship’s below-deck channel requires high structural rigidity and ultra-precise installation. For its operation, you need a powerful steam boiler and a large steam accumulator to provide a wave effect on the piston, because the removal of the piston from the starting position more and more opens the slot of the accelerating cylinder, through which the pressure escapes, and requires the supply of steam with increasing as the pistons move. American steam catapults provide 200-250 starts, after which they require preventive repairs lasting 60 hours, which can be performed at sea, by the crew.

No prototype for parachute power acceleration and braking devices was detected.

The term "cable" in the present description refers to a flexible mechanical connection, the physical embodiment of which may be metallic, non-metallic or combined lengthy flexible mechanical communication lines: cable, rope, chain, belt, cord, monofilament, etc.

The term "LA" - means an aircraft, which may be an airplane, a helicopter, an unmanned aerial vehicle.

The term "military-industrial complex" - means the take-off and landing complex.

The term "power device" means a motor or mechanism for receiving and / or utilizing mechanical energy for operation of an air finisher and / or catapult, in the invention a power device is a parachute.

The term “drum-distribution mechanism” is a mechanism for the transmission and distribution of mechanical energy to consumers, possibly with the conversion of forces, moments and speeds and / or the nature of the movement, allows you to coordinate the operating modes of the power device and the executive organs of the military-industrial complex, set in motion several mechanisms from one power device, reverse the movement, change the torques and rotational speeds while maintaining a constant moment and frequency of rotation of the power drum, convert raschatelnoe translational movement and others.

The essence of the invention is that an underwater parachute take-off and landing complex of an aircraft carrier, including a catapult and / or an aircraft finisher, characterized in that its operation is based on the force of at least one underwater parachute, and the distribution of the force of the parachutes among consumers provides drum distribution mechanism, or does not provide; a drum-distribution mechanism, contains a gearbox, a motor generator, a system of cable tension sensors, power and main shafts on which the drums are installed - power, at least one accelerating, at least one brake, all of which are equipped with electric - and / or hydraulic controlled manual and / or automatic clutches with its shaft; the aerofinisher contains at least one receiving cable, dampers, a pulley system, cable tension sensors, a parachute evacuation, folding and deployment mechanism, a control device, or a drum-distributing mechanism; the underwater parachute contains an area-adjustable central opening and / or a cross-section of the dome and is equipped with a mechanism for regulating these areas located in the “torpedo”; the underwater parachute is equipped with a stabilization system in the form of floating and / or sinking elements; at least one sling and a power or brake parachute cable are equipped with a control cable for driving torpedo mechanisms; the narrowing of the central hole and / or the cross section of the dome occurs mechanically by means of fasteners of the type "lightning"; the narrowing of the central hole and / or the cross-section of the dome occurs by means of at least one coupling hinge looped around the perimeter of the hole and / or the dome, wound on a drum rotated by a “torpedo” electric motor; the damper of any cable is made, at least in the form of an elastic cable and / or torsional vibration damper mounted on the drum, or in a combination of types; the catapult contains a gearbox, an acceleration cable, a shuttle, a pulley system, a launching device, power drums and at least one acceleration, clutch; the trigger device comprises at least one emphasis held by a controllable hydraulic and / or electrical lock; the shuttle is attached only to the booster cable and is not equipped with rollers for movement along the guides; the shuttle is equipped with rollers and guides; when installing two or more underwater parachutes, the latter have the same or different braking area of the domes; The springboard is equipped with a catapult.

The aim of the invention is the universalization of the power device for the aerofinisher and catapult, reducing the weight and size characteristics of the military-industrial complex, as well as expanding the arsenal of power devices of the military-industrial complex.

The technical result when implementing the invention is that it is achieved:

1. Adjustable stop mode and take-off aircraft.

2. Fuel economy.

3. The increase in the mass of taken LA.

4. Simplification of the design and manufacturing technology of catapult and aerofinisher units.

5. The entire length of the take-off deck or runway is used;

6. The number of options for the location of catapult mechanisms on the ship is increasing;

7. It is possible to quickly repair or replace the nodes of the catapult or aerofinisher by the crew.

8. It is possible to use a catapult on a springboard.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - General view of the underwater parachute take-off and landing complex of an aircraft carrier ship;

Figure 2 - drum-distribution mechanism of the military-industrial complex: block A - power, block B - accelerating, block C - brake.

Figure 3 - equipment of the springboard catapult.

4 is a mechanism for controlling the opening of the central hole or dome of the parachute.

Figure 5 - ship equipment with two separate parachutes.

6 is a kinematic diagram of a deck receiving device.

7 is a method of operation of the military-industrial complex on a stationary ship.

The numbers in the drawings indicate:

1 - springboard deck; 2 - track for hook hook on straight and diving decks; 3 - straight deck; 4, 5, 6, 7 - receiving cables of the aerofinisher; 8 - crane-beam for the evacuation of a parachute; 9 - slip for the evacuation of a parachute; 10 - propeller propellers; 11 - power cable of a parachute; 12 - parachute slings; 13 - canopy of a parachute; 14 - the central hole of the canopy of the parachute; 15 - guide pulley of the deep power cable of a parachute; 16 - power cable deep parachute; 17 - the dome of the deep parachute; 18 - tire mounting brake calipers and clutch; 19 - drum brakes; 20 - power shaft; 21 - clutch drum; 22 - power drum; 23 - motor generator; 24 - hydraulic motor; 25 - throttle; 26 - a hydraulic tank; 27 - gearbox; 28 - hole of the canopy of the parachute; 29 - “torpedo” regulating the opening of the canopy or the central opening of the canopy of the parachute; 30 - shuttle with a hook; 31 - an accelerating cable of a straight deck; 32 - tension pulleys of accelerating cables; 33 - boom cables of the springboard deck; 34 - helicopter landing cable; 35 - receiving cable for a multi-cast hook; 36 - rod hook LA; 37 - roller hook LA; 38 - roller mounting the receiving cable; 39 -; 40 - brake cables; 41, 42 - brake drums of the aerofinisher; 43 - helicopter landing drum; 44 - accelerating drums of the springboard deck with a clutch; 45 - an accelerating drum of a straight deck with a clutch; 46 - the main shaft; 47 - tire mounting brake calipers and clutch; 48 - rollers of boom cables of the springboard deck; 49 - shuttle table; 50 - rings of coupling files; 52 - staples of coupling files; 51, 53 - coupling halyards; 54 - tension drum "torpedoes"; 55 - brake parachute; 56 - brake power cable; 57 - winch hook; 58 - winch cable; 59 - winch; 60, 61 - helical columns.

The composition and purpose of the devices and mechanisms of the military-industrial complex.

The underwater parachute take-off and landing complex of an aircraft carrier contains the following nodes in full or in part:

- at least one (single) underwater parachute 13 (FIGS. 1, 2) installed behind the stern of the ship, equipped with slings 12, a “torpedo” 29 with a mechanism for regulating the opening of the central hole 14 or the canopy of the parachute 28;

- a system of pulleys and blocks;

- at least one power 11 and / or brake cable 56 (Fig.6);

- Control block;

- drum-distribution mechanism (BRM) VPK (figure 2) in the optimal configuration contains: gearbox 27, motor generator 23, power shaft 20 with power drum 22 and clutch 21, the main shaft 46, on which the accelerating drums 44 are mounted and 45 with clutches, booster cables 31 and 33, shuttles with hooks 30, tension pulleys 32, brake drums 41 and 42 with clutches, brake cables 35, 40, receiving cable 39, helicopter landing drum 43 with a receiving helicopter cable 34, as well as blocks, cable tension sensors, pulley system. The BRM package may vary depending on the need for certain mechanisms or devices.

The brake device for the power system is either in the form of an elastic damper mounted on the power drum in the form of an elastic cable, or in the form of a torsional vibration damper, or in a combination of types.

Gearbox 27 allows you to increase the speed of rotation, for example, of accelerating drums 44, 45, relative to the speed of rotation of the power drum 22, and thereby increase the speed of the shuttle 30 of the catapult with the aircraft mounted on it, while the length of the working stroke of the underwater parachute 13 is reduced, but it increases the length of the run of the booster cable 31, 33. In this case, the gearbox 27 and / or motor generator 23 must ensure that any booster cable moves forward or backward. For brake cables 35, 40, the transmission of rotation can not be reduced. In the case of using two parachutes 13, 55 (Fig. 5), separately for the takeoff and landing systems of the military-industrial complex, parachutes in this case can have different braking area of the dome, moreover, the use of a drum-distributing mechanism for the air finisher can be avoided. In this case, the power cable is replaced by a brake cable 56. Mostly all the drums are equipped with electric and / or hydraulic controlled manual and / or automatic clutches 21 with a power 20 and / or main 46 shaft.

The motor generator 23 is designed to pull the underwater parachute 13, pull the acceleration and brake cables, return the shuttles and set the drums to their original position, allows you to use the braking energy to recover energy for various purposes.

The cable system of the air finisher can be equipped in two ways - the first method is traditional — the receiving cable 39 and brake cables 40 wound on the drum 41, the second method with one brake cable 35, the end of which is stocked in the roller 38. In this case, the aircraft hook is equipped with a roller 37, and when the cable is pulled 35, the roller acts as a chain hoist.

The underwater parachute take-off and landing complex of the aircraft carrier provides the operation of a parachute catapult, parachute air finisher, and its action is based on the traction force of an underwater parachute 13 or 17. The military-industrial complex can work mainly when the propellers 10 of the ship’s propulsion system are operated, i.e. when driving, as in this case, a powerful jet of water from the screws 10 and an oncoming oncoming flow act on the parachute 13, making it possible to create significant forces on the power cable 11, which connects the parachute 13 with the mechanisms of the military-industrial complex. In addition, the movement of the ship against the wind creates additional lift on the wings of the take-off aircraft, which will allow it to take off at a lower acceleration speed, and during landing it reduces the speed of the aircraft meeting with the landing deck of the ship, therefore, at high speed the ship reduces the load on the pilot and the aircraft. But also the military-industrial complex can operate on a fixed ship, i.e. allows you to take off the aircraft from the springboard and / or using booster engines - disposable powder boosters, and the braking effect can be carried out from a deep underwater parachute 17, i.e. the underwater parachute 17 under its own weight is lowered to a sufficient depth and during the landing of the aircraft the power device by winding the power cable 16 thrown over the pulley 15 pulls the parachute 17 from the depth along the arrow "D", which provides sufficient resistance and stops the aircraft.

It is also possible to operate the catapult parachute drive on a stationary ship equipped with helical-steering columns (WRC) (Fig. 7), for example, aft 61 and bow 60, thus: one pair of aft helical columns 61 works to drive the parachute 13 - arrow "G", the second 60 - bow - deploy in such a way as to direct the jet forward - along the arrow "E" and compensate for the thrust of the aft VRK 61, while the parachute 13 is mounted horizontally so that the jets of the aft screw-steering columns act on it 61 and would push him away from the ship - along the arrow "B". The jets from the screws will act on the parachute 13 and he, moving away from the side, will activate the catapult mechanism.

For various operating conditions, the parachute 13 can be equipped with a stabilization device, for example, for use in the horizontal plane - the upper edge of the dome is equipped with a streamlined floating (air) cavity, and the lower edge is sinking, and both cavities are sinking as the deep edge.

To digitize work processes, the power cable 11 is equipped with magnetic marks and / or strain gauges at certain distances, and magnetic sensors are installed in front of the power drum 22. This will allow controlling the speed of the parachute 13 and affect its movement: a) by changing the opening of the central hole 14, changing the gear ratio in the gearbox 27, b) by braking or accelerating the movement of the power cable by the motor-generator 23 by turning it on in the motor or generator mode , c) the creation of braking when pumping fluid by a hydraulic motor 24 through a controlled throttle 24 from a tank 26 to the same tank 26. It is possible to pump fluid from a hydraulic tank 26 into a hydraulic accumulator (not shown) for further use. pressure, for example, to disperse the aircraft during takeoff.

The principle of operation of the aerofinisher when equipping the military-industrial complex with a single underwater parachute (figure 2).

Before landing the aircraft on the aerofinisher, the gearbox 27 is switched to the position to work as an aerofinisher - i.e. either direct transmission between the power 20 and the main 46 shafts is activated, or with a gear ratio in accordance with the mass of the aircraft being received, the underwater parachute 13 by unlocking the clutch 21 of the power drum 22 is removed from the ship under the action of the jets of the propellers 10 of the ship over the entire length of the power cable 11, after which the clutch 21 power 22 and all the brake drums 41,42 connect them to the shafts 20, 46, on which they are located. (The accelerating drums 44, 45 and the helicopter drum 43 are disconnected from the shaft 47 and are braked by the braking devices). After the aircraft is hooked, for example, to the receiving cable 39, by means of the cable tension sensors located on this receiving cable, the clutch of the brake drum 42, which is not involved in the braking process, is quickly released, it brakes and does not rotate, only the drum 41, to which is attached aircraft traction force. In this case, the hood of the receiving cable 39 will cause the brake cables 40 to be unwound from the brake drum 41 and thereby cause its rotation and rotation of the power shaft 20 with the power drum 22, which will begin to wind the power cable 11 on the power drum 22 and pull the underwater parachute 13 to the stern of the ship, overcoming the impact on the canopy of the parachute 13 jets of water from the propellers 10 of the ship, while the closer to the stern of the ship, the stronger the stopping effect on the aircraft. The braking force in the process of stopping the aircraft (as well as for the operation of the catapult during acceleration of the aircraft) can be controlled by changing the windage of the dome 13, which is carried out by changing the area of the central 14 or input 28 of the holes of the dome 13. In order to quickly tighten or open the hole 14 it is advisable to equip this hole coupling files, for example, two 51, 53 (Fig. 4), the ends of which passing through rings 50 and brackets 52, are wound onto a drum 54 rotated by an electric motor, and mounted in a “torpedo” 29, onto which the ends of the halyards 51, 53 are wound, thereby winding up (along the arrow “B”) or reeling (along the arrow “A”) the ends of these halyards from the drum 54, and the central hole 14 decreases or, accordingly, increases, which causes a change in the brake forces on the brake cable 11. It is possible to adjust the braking force by turning the motor generator 23 into motor or generator mode.

Another scheme of operation is also possible when the drums at the beginning of braking are not connected to the main shaft, but are connected when the brake cables are tensioned. When the bar 36 is hooked by an aircraft hook equipped with a roller 37, for example, to the receiving cable 35, it is drawn out and, using sensors, a signal is given to automatically engage the clutch of the brake drum 42, and then the brake drum 42 is unwound and the brake cable 35 is drawn from it , and with it the power drum 22 is unwound and thereby winds the power cable 11 of the underwater parachute 13, and pulls the underwater parachute 13 to the stern of the ship to the zone of maximum impact of the screws 10, which inhibits the movement of the aircraft and sets it up.

Dampers are designed to mitigate the jerk from the aircraft’s traction when they catch the receiving cable and are either elastic inserts on the brake cables, or torsional vibration dampers on the brake drums, or in a combination of types.

When equipping the military-industrial complex with separate parachutes, the aerofinisher (Fig. 6) contains: an underwater parachute 55, transversely located receiving cables on the landing deck 4, 5, 6, 7, brake cables 31 connected directly to the parachute 55, brake cable tension sensors 25, brake cable 56; winch 59, winch cable 58, winch hook 57, deck hoists, dampers.

In this case, the aerofinisher may not be equipped with a drum distribution mechanism, as the parachute 55 (Fig.6) brake cables 31 can be directly connected to the receiving cables 4, 5, 6, 7, mounted on deck 3. When hooked LA hook, for example, the receiving cable 4, it is stretched while the receiving cable 4 is connected to the brake cables 31 from two sides, which, through a system of pulleys 30, pull an underwater parachute 55 to the stern of the ship to the zone of maximum impact of the screws 10, which inhibits the movement of the aircraft and stops it.

In the transport position, the underwater parachute 13 is stacked as follows. First, all the drums are disconnected from the main shaft 47 by means of clutches, then the motor cable 23 winds the power cable 11 onto the power drum 22 and thereby pulls the parachute 13 (in which the central hole 14 is maximally open) to the stern of the ship, where it is hooked or beam crane 8 and rises from the water, and then fits into the compartment for storage and maintenance, or is pulled into this compartment by slip 9. If a separate parachute 55 of the aerofinisher is installed, then hook 57 of the separate winch 59 installed at the end of the landing full deck, hooks to any one (or all at once, if there are several such hooks on the 58 cable), a receiving cable transversely mounted on the deck, and the winch 59 pulls it to the end of the deck, and the brake cable pulls the 55 parachute to the stern.

If necessary, to launch the military-industrial complex, the parachute 13 from the storage room is pushed into the water and the water jets from the propellers 10 of the ship straighten it right away, and depending on the task, the underwater parachute 13 either stays at the stern (to work as a catapult), or released on the length of the power cable 11 (to work as an aerofinisher), and the military-industrial complex is ready to work.

When the power device is used as a catapult, the gearbox 27 works as a step-up gearbox and allows you to increase the speed of the shuttle 30 relative to the movement of the underwater parachute 13. Acceleration cables 31, 33 are installed in the deck of the ship.

The trigger device of the catapult contains an electric and / or hydraulic lock shuttle 30.

The adjustment of the sail of the parachute 13 is carried out as well as during the operation of the aerofinisher.

The narrowing of the central hole and / or the cross section of the dome can also be carried out by mechanical movement of the fasteners of the "lightning" type, equipped on the dome.

The power cable 11 from the underwater parachute 13 is wound on a power drum 22 mounted on the power shaft 20, and through the gearbox 27, the force is transmitted to at least one accelerating drum 44 or 45 with several turns wound and a closed accelerating cable 31, 33 that passes through the pulley system 48 under the take-off deck and is connected to the shuttle 30 installed in the start position. Under shuttle 30, in the starting position, there is a support table 49 so that shuttle 30 does not fail when the aircraft is mounted on it. Shuttle 30 may not be equipped with wheels for guiding, but only attached to the boom cable, because it cannot roll over due to the fact that the hook of the shuttle 30 slides along the track (slit) 2 in the take-off deck, and the hooked aircraft and the tension of the booster rope do not allow it to “fall” during movement. But also the shuttle 30 can be equipped with rollers for movement along the guides.

The catapult works as follows.

Before the launch of the aircraft, the gearbox 27 is set to the gearbox with the necessary gear ratio, the underwater parachute 13 with the open central hole 14 is pulled to the stern by the motor generator 23 mounted on the gearbox 27 and stops, while the shuttle 30 moves to the start position, the acceleration cable 31 or 33, which is supposed to accelerate the aircraft, is pulled on its drum 45 or 44, the power drum 22 and the accelerating drum 44 or 45 are connected via the clutch 21 to the power shaft 20 and the main 47, the remaining drums are air officers - disengaged from the main shaft 47. The aircraft is mounted on the hook of the shuttle 30. After receiving the command to start, the motor in the “torpedo” 29 winds the halyards 54.53 onto the drum 54, pulling the central hole 14 of the underwater parachute 13 (and / or expands the canopy 28 ), the dome 13 is filled with water cast by the propeller of the ship 10. After the release of the launching device, the parachute 13 sharply goes back and pulls the power cable 11, unwinding the power drum 22, which in turn spins the accelerating drum 44 or 45 and thereby moves the shuttle 30 s the aircraft mounted on it toward the nose with increasing speed, while the control device (“torpedo” 29) of the central hole 14 of the underwater parachute 13, as well as the motor generator 23, control the resistance of the power cable 11 from the drum 22. This technical solution allows you to use the entire length of the take-off deck for take-off aircraft.

After the acceleration is completed, the central hole 14 opens and the load on the power cable 11 is reduced, which by this moment is completely unwound from the drum 22, but the drum 22, having inertia, continues to rotate in the original direction and thereby begins to wind the power cable 11 on the drum 22 in another direction, and thereby without much effort pulls due to the inertia of rotation of the canopy of the parachute 13 with the open central hole 14 and returns the shuttle 30 to its starting position. The motor generator 23 is turned on in motor mode and dominates the power cable 11 onto the drum 22, after which the drum 22 is stopped. The catapult is ready to start again.

In the initial portion of the take-off parachute 13, the pressure on the dome of the jet of water from the propellers 10 of the ship is large enough, therefore, a high thrust of the shuttle 30 can be achieved.

The proposed technical solution allows you to equip a springboard with a catapult, and this, in turn, allows you to take off with more favorable parameters for the pilot and the aircraft, as well as have a separate springboard and catapult on the aircraft carrier’s take-off deck, reduce the cost of equipment for any ship in an aircraft carrier.

Forced landing of the helicopter on the deck occurs in this way. The parachute 13 is pulled to the stern of the ship as much as possible, then the helicopter hangs over the deck and lowers the cable, which the landing crew member catches and hooks to the cable 34, which is connected to a separate helicopter landing drum 43 mounted on the main shaft 47. Next, the central hole 14 of the parachute is gradually narrowed 13 and he, moving away from the stern, pulls the power cable 11 and thereby rotates the helicopter landing drum 43 and wraps the cable 34 connected to the cable lowered from the helicopter onto this drum, thereby forcibly attracting helicopter to the deck.

The invention will allow:

- solve the problem of an asymmetric response to the buildup of carrier forces of a potential enemy;

- create a "mosquito" carrier fleet, i.e. a large number of cheap small aircraft carriers, which will not be inferior in effectiveness to medium-sized aircraft carriers;

- develop a new tactics for such a fleet, allowing for the widespread presence of aviation and a quick response to threats;

- deploy different forces with different specializations for small aircraft carriers and create target or multi-purpose groups of small aircraft carriers with different purposes;

- dramatically increase the survivability of aircraft carrier formations by distributing forces and assets on a large number of aircraft carriers;

- quickly maneuver forces and means depending on the operational situation;

- launch any aircraft with any thrust-weight ratio from aircraft carriers, as the design of the power device allows the use of a catapult on a springboard;

- use aircraft carriers deployed in different areas in fulfillment of one mission;

- increase the radius of the combat use of aviation by taking off from one aircraft carrier, and landing on another aircraft carrier deployed in another area;

- increase the radius of the combat use of aviation by increasing the amount of fuel due to the abandonment of the chassis on the aircraft;

- increase the weight of combat equipment or payload of the aircraft due to the rejection of the chassis on the aircraft;

- use aircraft carriers as jump platforms;

- use aircraft carriers as a platform for refueling with fuel and ammunition;

- deploy aircraft carriers on large bodies of water in the continental part - rivers, lakes, bays;

- it is better to disguise aircraft carriers as civilian vessels such as lighters or tankers;

- disperse enemy striking means over a variety of targets and reduce the effectiveness of fire impact or countermeasures;

- use any available shipbuilding capacity for the construction of aircraft carriers;

- quickly create small “budget” aircraft carriers by converting, for example, tankers, lighters, barges or other civilian vessels of suitable size into aircraft carriers;

- Perform tasks to cover areas with dispersed forces over large areas, and, if necessary, quickly concentrate forces and assets in the main direction;

- provide landing operations in large areas and thereby force the enemy to disperse forces;

- ensure zonal naval domination;

- ensure the presence of aircraft carrier forces in areas with a long communication line or with a small operational space, for example, in the Arctic;

- show the flag in more areas;

- increase the survivability of ground airfields by equipping them with a mobile military-industrial complex.

The proposed Universal underwater parachute power device of the takeoff and landing complex of an aircraft carrier ship will allow:

- increase the length of the booster system on the deck of an aircraft carrier;

- simplify the maintenance of the military-industrial complex,

- reduce the requirements for precision installation of equipment;

- recover energy;

- quickly alert the mechanisms for starting flights.

- have two take-off systems on an aircraft carrier ship;

- quickly collapse and deploy defense industry;

- do not spend the ship’s energy on landing and take-off;

- dramatically reduce the cost of take-off and landing equipment;

- dramatically reduce the number of staff:

- dramatically reduce the amount of space for take-off and landing equipment;

- provide quick repair or replacement of equipment.

The design of the Universal underwater parachute power device of the takeoff and landing complex of an aircraft carrier does not exhaust all the options, but is only an illustration of it. In practice, other options can be used without violating the basic idea of a technical solution.

Claims (15)

1. The take-off and landing complex of an aircraft carrier ship, including a catapult and / or aircraft finisher, characterized in that the operation of its catapult and / or aerofinisher is based on the force of at least one underwater parachute, and the distribution of the force of the parachutes among consumers is provided or not provided drum -distribution mechanism. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the drum-distribution mechanism comprises a gearbox, a motor generator, a system of cable tension sensors, power and main shafts on which the drums are installed: power, at least one accelerating, according to at least one brake, while all the drums are equipped with electric and / or hydraulic controlled manual and / or automatic clutches with their shaft. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerofinisher contains at least one receiving cable, dampers, pulley system, cable tension sensors, evacuation mechanism, folding and deployment of a parachute, control device, drum-distributing mechanism or does not contain him. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the underwater parachute contains an area-adjustable central opening and / or a cross-section of the dome and is equipped with a regulation mechanism for these areas located in the “torpedo”. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the underwater parachute is equipped with a stabilization system in the form of floating and / or sinking elements. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one sling and a power or brake cable of the parachute are equipped with a control cable for driving torpedo mechanisms. 7. The complex according to claim 4, characterized in that the narrowing of the central hole and / or the cross section of the dome occurs mechanically by means of fasteners of the "lightning" type. 8. The complex according to claim 4, characterized in that the narrowing of the Central hole and / or the cross section of the dome occurs through at least one looped around the perimeter of the hole and / or the dome of the coupling rope wound on a drum rotated by an electric torpedo motor. 9. The complex according to claim 3, characterized in that the damper of any cable is made at least in the form of an elastic cable and / or torsional vibration damper mounted on a drum. 10. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the catapult comprises a gearbox, an acceleration cable, a shuttle, a pulley system, a launching device, power drums and at least one acceleration clutch. 11. The complex according to claim 10, characterized in that the trigger device comprises at least one emphasis held by a controlled hydraulic and / or electric lock. 12. The complex according to claim 10, characterized in that the shuttle is attached only to the booster cable and is not equipped with rollers for movement along the guides. 13. The complex according to claim 10, characterized in that the shuttle is equipped with rollers and guides. 14. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing two or more underwater parachutes, the parachutes have the same or different braking area of the domes. 15. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the catapult is mounted on a take-off springboard.

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