RU2493546C1 - Bench to model impact of blasting products at tamping of blasting holes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: bench to model impact of blasting products at tamping of blasting holes includes a high pressure chamber closed with a cover on top with a cut disc, and a measurement complex. The cover is connected with a blast hole imitator made in the form of a pipe with notches in the lower part, simulating cracks in the rock, and slots in the upper part simulating damaged massif of rocks.

EFFECT: modelling of impact of blasting products at tamping of blasting holes.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to laboratory equipment and is intended to simulate the processes occurring in the blast cavity of wells during blasting.

Known educational laboratory installation for the study of explosive processes, containing an explosive chamber and placed in it a tripod for mounting or hanging explosives (BB) [1]. The solid explosive charge in the chamber is replaced by a liquid explosive, which is a mixture of a liquid oxidizer and fuel, the detonator capsule is eliminated and replaced by a high voltage electric spark gap. The main disadvantage of the installation is the use of explosives, causing the need to install steel screens to protect the camera from fragments

The closest to the essence of the problem is a device for blasting rocks, when instead of explosives using compressed air [2]. Compressed air is produced by a high-pressure compressor and supplied through hoses to the pneumatic chuck. The principle of operation of the Erdox type pneumatic chucks is based on the instant release of compressed air from the pneumatic chuck. Depending on the strength of the massif being destroyed, the pressure in the cartridge is regulated by the thickness of the shear disk. However, such pneumatic cartridges do not allow the study of explosive processes taking place in wells with explosive charges of various designs.

The technical problem to be solved by the alleged invention is directed is the modeling of the effect of explosion products on the casing of blast holes.

The problem is achieved in that in the stand for modeling the impact of explosion products on the bottom hole of blast holes, including a high-pressure chamber, closed on top with a lid with a shear disk, and a measuring complex, according to the invention, the lid is connected to a blast hole simulator made in the form of a notched pipe in the lower part, simulating cracks in the rock, and slots in the upper part, simulating the destroyed mass of rocks.

An additional coating layer of cementitious materials with aggregates from various rocks is additionally applied to the blast hole simulator pipe in the lower part.

Figure 1 schematically shows a stand for modeling the impact of explosion products on the stemming of blast holes in assembled form; figure 2 - simulator of a blast hole with an additional coating.

The bench for simulating the impact of explosion products on the casing of blast holes is a high-pressure chamber 1, for example, made of a thick-walled steel pipe, to the lower end of which a flange 2 is welded, bolted 3 to the frame 4. The upper part of the high-pressure chamber 1 is closed by a cover 5 with flange 6, for example, using thread. The cover 5 has a groove 7 for the adjusting ring 8 and a shear disk 9. On top of the high-pressure chamber 1 through a sealed gasket 10, a blast hole simulator 11 is installed, made in the form of a pipe with a flange 12, which is bolted 13 to the flange 6 of the high-pressure chamber 1. In the lower part of the blast hole simulator 11, notches 14 are made that simulate cracks in the rock, and in the upper part, cuts 15 are made that simulate the destroyed rock mass. The blast hole simulator 11 is equipped with a measuring device 16.

Consider the work on the example of studies to determine the blocking ability of the blades of blast holes of various designs.

An adjustment ring 8 is laid on the groove 7, which corresponds to the specified thickness of the shear disk 9 installed on it. Then, a blast hole simulator 11 is mounted on the high-pressure chamber 1, in which the model elements of the combined explosive charge are placed, for example, bedding 17 made of sand or drill cuttings, locking cone 18, made of model material, for example, of calcined clay, gypsum, concrete, etc., and filling of large-sized model material in the form of crushed stone 19.

Then, the valve 20 is opened, and the air compressed by the high-pressure compressor 21 and accumulated by the receiver 22 enters through the opening 23 into the high-pressure chamber 1. The pressure value is fixed by the fiscal pressure gauge 24. When the specified air pressure in the high-pressure chamber 1 is reached, the shear disk 9 is destroyed , and air rushes into the blast hole simulator 11, affecting the combined stemming model. The pressure of compressed air through the bedding 17, softening the shock load, is transmitted to the locking cone 18, moving it up the simulator of the blast hole 11. At the same time, the locking cone 18 is jammed in the filling of crushed stone 19, destroying individual pieces of crushed stone in it, then rises up, jamming new pieces of crushed stone with their faces in the notches 14. This process gradually slows down the movement of the locking cone 18 until it stops completely or breaks down. The exhaust air through the slots 15 leaves the simulator of the blast hole 11 out.

The locking ability of the faces of blast holes of various designs is estimated by the displacement of the locking cone 18, which is recorded by the measuring device 16 using a potentiometric sensor of nichrome wire 25 fixed at one end to the metal pin 26 of the locking cone 18 and passing through the sliding contact 27 mounted on the explosive simulator wells 11. The potentiometer is powered by the battery 28, a loop of the oscilloscope 29 is connected to the measuring circuit of the potentiometer.

By changing the pipe section of the blast hole simulator 11, it is possible to simulate processes for wells of various diameters, and by applying a coating of 29 using binders and aggregates from different rocks, it is possible to simulate the interaction of clogging elements with different rocks with different roughness of the walls of the wells. Applying 29 notches 14 to the coating will allow simulating the fracture of the well walls.

The magnitude of the displacement of the locking cone 18, measured by the measuring device 16, assess the quality of the stemming of this design - the smaller the magnitude of the displacement, the higher the quality of the stemming.

Thus, the inventive stand for modeling the impact of explosion products on the casing of blast holes allows you to explore the processes that occur in the blast cavity of wells during blasting and, thereby, solve the technical problem.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2373489, IPC F42D 5/00. E21C 37/18, G01N 33/22.

2. Adomidze D.I., Odnopozov Z.A. Flameless blasting abroad. M., 1965 (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A stand for modeling the impact of explosion products on the casing of blast holes, including a high-pressure chamber, closed on top with a lid with a shear disk, and a measuring complex, characterized in that the lid is connected to a blast hole simulator made in the form of a pipe with notches in the lower part, imitating cracks in the rock, and slots in the upper part, imitating the destroyed massif of rocks. 2. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating pipe of cementitious materials with aggregates from various rocks is additionally applied to the pipe of the blast hole simulator in the lower part.

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