RU2493385C2 - Liquid cooling system of thermal machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: liquid cooling system of a thermal machine, mainly of an internal combustion engine, contains a cooling liquid circulation circuit containing a circulating pump, a cooling jacket of thermal machine, a radiator, a thermostat with a bypass pipeline, a heater, a control unit, a temperature sensor, which are connected to each other by means of upper and lower pipelines. According to the invention, a thermal accumulator is installed before a water pump and connected to the cooling system through a three-way valve with an electric drive, which is controlled from the control unit. Thermal accumulator is installed between water pump and connection point of bypass pipeline with a heater; bypass pipeline, heater, thermal accumulator, three-way valve and thermostat are provided with heat insulation.

EFFECT: improving thermal machine efficiency.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and, in particular, to cooling systems of thermal machines, for example internal combustion engines, to increase their efficiency.

A known liquid cooling system of a heat engine [1], a diagram of which is shown in figure 1.

It consists of an engine 1, a heater 2, a radiator 3, a regulator 4, an actuator 5, pumps 6 and 7, a bypass channel 8, a recovery boiler 9, a load sensor 10, a temperature sensor 11, a control unit 12, supply channels and hot water outlet 13, 14.

When the engine is running, if:

- T≤80 ° C - the regulatory body directs the flow of cooling water to heater 2, where the cooling water is heated to a predetermined value and sent to the engine;

- T-80 ° C - the entire flow of cooling water through channel 8 is sent to the engine;

- Т> 80 ° С - part of the cooling water flow is directed through channel 8 to the engine, and the other part is sent to the radiator, where the water is cooled and sent to the engine.

- With a further increase in T of cooling water, for example to T> 85 ° C, the entire water flow is directed to the radiator, cooled to 80 ° C and sent to the internal combustion engine.

The known cooling system [1] also provides for maintaining an elevated temperature regime in the entire range of operation of the heat engine, and according to the achieved result, it is close to the proposed cooling system and therefore it is adopted as a prototype of the claimed system.

The disadvantages of the known system [1], adopted as a prototype, are, firstly, that the circuit is more complex (hence more expensive) due to the presence of a second water pump built into the cooling system, the presence of a waste heat boiler built into the exhaust tract heat engine.

Secondly, a decrease in the efficiency of the heat engine due to the presence of a second water pump, the drive of which requires energy that is taken from the heat engine.

Thirdly, the increased hydraulic resistance of the exhaust tract due to the presence of a waste heat boiler.

Fourth, more frequent maintenance of the cooling system (which means an increase in the complexity and cost of operating a heat engine) due to the presence of a waste heat boiler in the system, which requires cleaning after a certain period of time. Considering the fact that in this case, the recovery boiler is intended to operate at partial loads and at idle, at which the combustion of fuel is not efficient enough, the clogging of the recovery boiler will occur much faster than when the heat engine is operating at rated load.

Fifth, it is not possible to start a heat engine with pre-heating coolant, which increases the time it starts.

Based on the foregoing, it is possible to briefly formulate the shortcomings of the known cooling system, namely: the complication of the cooling system scheme itself, and hence its cost, due to the availability of additional equipment, the increased complexity of its maintenance and the decrease in the efficiency of the heat engine.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a heat engine, for example internal combustion engines, with the proposed cooling system,

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the liquid cooling system of a heat engine, mainly internal combustion engines, a heat accumulator is used installed in front of the water pump and connected to the cooling system through a valve, while it is made in the form of a three-way valve with an electric actuator and an electronic control unit for its electric drive and adjusted to the maximum permissible temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the water pump of the heat engine, which in turn is also installed in front of the water pump, but after the connection point of the bypass pipe with a heater in front of the water pump, which is connected through a thermostat, adjusted to the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat engine (for example, 95 ° C), ensuring full passage of fluid through the radiator installed parallel to the heat engine.

Distinctive features of the proposed cooling system of a heat engine is that a heat accumulator installed in front of the water pump and connected to the cooling system through a valve is used as a heat source to maintain an elevated temperature regime in the entire range of operation of the heat engine (Fig. 2). made in the form of a three-way valve with an electric actuator and an electronic control unit for its electric actuator and adjusted to the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant at the input ode to the water pump of the heat engine, which in turn is also installed in front of the water pump, but after connecting the bypass pipe with a heater in front of the water pump, which is connected through a temperature regulator adjusted to the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat engine (for example 95 ° C), providing a full passage of fluid through a radiator mounted parallel to the heat engine.

Figure 2 presents the proposed cooling system of a heat engine.

The system contains a coolant circuit, including communicated with each other using pipelines 1, 2, 3 and 4, a cooling jacket of a heat engine 5, a circulation pump 6 and a radiator 7, a bypass pipe 8 with a heater 9, a thermostat 10 installed in the pipe 8, a heat accumulator 11 mounted parallel to the pipeline 4 through a three-way valve 12, controlled by an electronic unit 13, connected to a temperature sensor of the coolant at the outlet of the heat engine 14, a fan 15, controlled by an electronic eye 13.

The proposed liquid cooling system of a heat engine operates as follows.

After starting the heat engine 5 after a long standstill (for example, more than a month), the coolant through line 1 enters the thermostat 10, from where it is directed through the bypass line 8 through the heater 9 through line 4 to the suction of the water pump 6, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the heat by the machine 5. At the same time, the thermostat 10 is adjusted to the maximum allowable temperature at the outlet of the heat engine (for example, 90-95 ° C, or the high-temperature cooling mode 105-120 ° C) directs the entire flow of cooling fluid and through heater 9, where it is heated (for example, from the heat of the coolant near a working heat engine, electric heaters from an external source of power supply, hot water from an external source, etc.) to a predetermined value, after which the heating of the coolant in the heater stops 9.

Then, with an increase in the power of the heat engine 5 itself, the heat transferred to the cooling system also increases, the three-way valve 12 opens at the signal of the control unit and the coolant enters the heat accumulator 11, and thermal energy is accumulated — it is “charged” at the given temperature of the coolant. The heat storage material of the heat accumulator is selected for reasons of the required temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat engine (for example, 90-95 ° C or high-temperature cooling mode 105-120 ° C).

After “charging” the heat accumulator 11 and a further increase in the power of the heat engine, the thermostat 10 opens and the coolant flows through the pipe 2 to the radiator 7, where it is cooled. If necessary, the fan 15 comes into operation, controlled by the electronic unit 13 (changes the frequency of rotation of the fan blades and the air flow blown through the radiator 15), which ensures that the specified temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat engine is maintained by the temperature sensor 14.

When the heat engine 5 is operating in the zone of small loads and idling, when the heat removed to the cooling system from the heat engine is less than necessary to maintain the elevated temperature regime, the heat accumulator 11 comes into operation, transferring heat to the cooling system, thereby “discharging” »And maintaining high temperature conditions.

Further, with the increased power of the heat engine 5, the heat accumulator 11 is again “charged”, moreover, the “charging” of the heat accumulator is carried out primarily using a three-way valve 12 and a control unit 13, and then only the heat is released in the radiator 15.

The necessary thermal power (mass of heat-accumulating material) of the heat accumulator 11 can be calculated on the basis of the operating modes of a particular heat engine taking into account its purpose and external atmospheric conditions (outdoor temperature).

In order to reduce heat loss during operation of the heat engine in the zone of low loads and idle, a bypass pipeline consisting of pipelines 1, 4, 8, a heater 9, a thermostat 10, a heat accumulator 11, and a three-way valve 12 are made with thermal insulation.

After starting the heat engine 5 after a short stop (for example, a day or two), while maintaining heat in the heat accumulator, the coolant circulates through the bypass pipe, consisting of pipelines 1, 4, 8, and heat accumulator 11 through the three-way valve 12, which provides start-up of a heat engine with pre-warmed coolant, providing a more reliable start-up and a further reduction in the warm-up time of the heat engine, which also provides increased operational efficiency Fitting with this heat engine.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that the proposed liquid cooling system of the heat engine allows you to increase the efficiency of the heat engine with the proposed liquid cooling system (figure 2), mainly internal combustion engines, compared with the known system (figure 1).

As a result of the use of this invention at the country's engineering enterprises (Ural Diesel Engine Company LLC, Yekaterinburg, Volzhsky Maminy Diesel OJSC, Balakovo, etc.), for example, 6DM 21 and 6CHN21 / 21 diesels are created a positive effect is the maintenance of an increased temperature regime in the zone of small loads of the heat engine and increased operational efficiency by reducing fuel consumption in the zone of small loads, reducing wear on the cylinder - piston group [1, 3, 4, 5].

Literature

1. L.V. Aces, V.N. Timofeev. Improving the efficiency of ICE by improving cooling systems // Engine-building №1, 2003, p.26-29.

2. Razuvaev A.V. High temperature cooled piston internal combustion engines. - Saratov: Sarat. state tech. un-t - 2001 .-- 128 s.

3. Agafonov A.N., Razuvaev A.V. Improving the characteristics of power plants based on engines of the ChN 21/21 small energy facilities. - Saratov: Sarat. state tech. un-t - 2006 .-- 148 p.

4. Razuvaev A.V., Razuvaeva EA, Sokolova EA Improving the efficiency of power plants // BULLETIN of the Saratov State Technical University No. 3 Saratov: Sarat. state tech. Univ., 2010. From 150-159.

5. Razuvaev A.V. High temperature cooling system for internal combustion engines. // Turbines and Diesels. - 2010. - No. 3 (30). S.47-49.

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Claims (3)

1. The liquid cooling system of a heat engine, mainly an internal combustion engine, comprising a coolant circuit, including a circulation pump, a heat jacket of a heat engine, a radiator, a thermostat with a bypass pipe, a heater, a control unit, a sensor, connected to each other by upper and lower pipelines temperature, characterized in that a heat accumulator is installed in front of the water pump, which is connected to the cooling system through a three-way valve with electric oprivodom controlled from the control unit. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat accumulator is installed between the water pump and the connection point of the bypass pipe with a heater. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass pipe, heater, heat accumulator, three-way valve, thermostat are made with thermal insulation.

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