RU2489598C2 - Rotary windmill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: rotary windmill comprises vertical shaft, top and bottom parallel discs rigidly interconnected by blades bent radially to make air channels communicated in central chamber. Said discs extend beyond ends of the blades. Disc extended parts are bent outward and provided with radial cuts. Channels between adjacent blades diverge toward the shaft. Arc length of the blade cylindrical surface equals 90°±3°. Height of hubs rigidly coupled with appropriate discs and shaft equals that on adjoining disc bent section.

EFFECT: simple and reliable design, increased power output, rotation at wind low velocity.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind turbines with a vertical shaft.

Known rotary wind turbine (B.), consisting of a vertical shaft, rigidly connected with the lower and upper parallel disks located mutually perpendicular to the S-shaped curved pipes, the middle parts of which are displaced in the axial direction (US Pat. RU No. 2,317.442).

Its disadvantages:

1. A small number of air ducts determines the weak interaction of V. with the wind flow, which reduces the power of V.

2. The large length of the channels increases the weight and hydraulic resistance to air flows, reduces their speed, reduces the operating efficiency of ..

3. The complex configuration of the pipes, the displacement of their middle parts relative to each other in the axial direction complicates the design and manufacturing technology of V ..

4. Parts of the discs protruding beyond the blades are small, lie in the same plane with the discs and are ineffective in increasing the pressure in front of V. and in reducing the pressure behind B.

Known rotary spiral-vortex wind turbine containing a vertical shaft, lower and upper parallel disks rigidly interconnected by radially curved blades forming channels between themselves (J. "Technique - Youth" No. 2 - 2003, pp. 36-37 ) This design is taken as a prototype. Its disadvantages:

1. A large angle between the channels of the blades and the circumference adjacent to them (cylindrical surface) increases the hydraulic resistance to air flows and entering the channels on one side of B., and flowing around the “located on the wool” blades on the other side of B.

2. The large bending radius of the outer parts of the blades determines the weak force effect of the centrifugal force of the mass of the air flow on them. With the movement of flows through the channels, the radius of curvature of the blades decreases, but the speed of movement continuously decreases to zero at the end of the channel. After filling the channels, the air movement in them stops for some time. All these features reduce the force of the wind on the blades on the windward side of B.

3. On the windward side of V., under the influence of reduced pressure and centrifugal force, air leaves the channels, but low mass, zero initial speed, a large length of channels, and increasing section of the channels reduce the speed of the outgoing flows and their force on the blades. The reactive effect of the air streams emerging from the channels is reduced due to the low mass and speed, a large angle between the outgoing streams (the ends of the blades) and tangent to the circumference of the outlet.

4. The distance between the disks is much larger than the diameter of the rotor, the blades are located near the shaft, the air flows around the rotor from both sides are accelerated little, respectively, their speed and force are small. The degree of rarefaction on the windward side is small. All this determines a small torque, increases the wind speed to start the rotation of V., reduces the period of use of the wind.

5. The presence of two bearings at the rotor shaft, the large length of the shaft and blades, the complex curve of the bending of the blades complicate the design and manufacturing technology of V., increases weight and worsen operation. Installation of V. at a high altitude is problematic.

6. During operation, dead ends of channels are subject to clogging with seed fluff, dust, snow, which further reduces the operating efficiency of B.

The objective of the invention is to increase the operating efficiency of B. For this purpose, in a wind turbine containing a vertical shaft, lower and upper parallel disks rigidly interconnected by radially curved blades forming air channels between themselves, the blades are made shortened, the channels expanding to the shaft, a central chamber is formed between the disks, communicating with all the channels, while the part of the disks protruding beyond the ends of the blades is bent outward and with radial cuts, the arc length is cylindrical the blade’s surface is 90 ° ± 3 °, hubs rigidly connected to the disks and the shaft are introduced, the hub height is equal to the height of the bent part of the adjacent disk, the diameter of the disks is more than 3 times the distance between the disks.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 is a side view.

Figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

The wind turbine consists of a shaft 1, lower and upper disks 2, 3, rigidly connected by blades 4, between which channels 5 are located, communicating with the central chamber 6. The bent parts 7, 8 of the disks 2, 3 have radial cuts 9, 10. The hubs 11, 12 and the bent parts 7, 8 have an equal height h.

In the presence of wind, the forward windward side of B. is under increased pressure, due to the presence of bent ends 7, 8 that act as confusers. The wind flow in front of B. is divided in half. One half of the stream, accelerating, flows around the ends of the blades 4 located “along the hair”, the other half of the stream, accelerating to a lesser extent, enters the windows of the channels 5.

The backward side of the windward side B. is under reduced pressure, further reduced by the presence of bent ends 7, 8 of the disks 2, 3, which act as deflectors, and an air flow flowing “over the wool” of the 4B blade.

When bypassing rotor B., the increasing wind flow smoothly, due to the small angle between the outer ends of the blades 4 and the circumference adjacent to them (a cylindrical surface of radius R), enters the channels 5, passing through which makes a 90 ° rotation. By influencing the mass of the wind flow on the concave cylindrical surfaces of radius r of the blades 4, efforts are made on the blades 4. The flows from the channels 5 to the chamber 6 come with small hydraulic losses, due to the increase in the cross sections of the channels 5 ( a ₂ > a ₁ ) and, accordingly, reducing the speed of the outgoing streams, and due to the displacement of the lateral sides of the channels 5 (inner ends of the blades 4). Entering the chamber 6, the flows close, fall under the influence of reduced pressure of the windward side of B. and centrifugal force. There is a smooth, due to the large size of the chamber 6, the rotation of the total flow to the blades 4 and the channels 5 of the windward side, the entrance to the channels 5 with low hydraulic losses. When moving along the narrowing channels 5, the flow rates and the shoulders (radii) of their application increase, there is an effective force impact of the outgoing flows on the blades 4 of the windward side. The streams leaving the channels 5 create reactive forces that additionally increase the force effect on V ..

The forces of the flows on the blades 4 of the windward and windward sides of V. form pairs of forces, create a total torque that ensures rotation of V. even at low wind speeds.

The presence of bent with radial cuts 9, 10 ends 7, 8 of the disks 2, 3 provides the following advantages:

1. On the front windward side of B., the bent ends 7, 8 form a confuser, enhancing the incident wind flow on the entire front side of B., directing it to both sides of B.

2. On the back windward side B., the bent ends 7, 8 form a deflector, which reduces the pressure, this increases the flow rate in the channels 5 and in the chamber 6.

3. At a low wind speed and low revolutions V. the size of the bell is greatest, the kinetic energy of the wind is removed from the maximum area. With an increase in wind speed and, accordingly, V. revolutions, the presence of radial cuts 9, 10 makes it possible to bend the bent ends 7, 8 of the disks 2, 3 under the action of centrifugal force. The size of the bell decreases, the rotation speed of V. increases slowly. And at a certain wind speed and V. revolutions, the bent ends 7, 8 are installed almost in the same plane as the disks 2, 3, the size of the bell becomes minimal. This reduces the wind pressure on the windward side, the degree of rarefaction on the windward side and the rotation speed of V., which significantly increases the safety of work.

The angle between the bent ends 7, 8 β = 60 ° -68 °.

The implementation of the blades 4 shortened, with an arc length of a cylindrical surface of 90 ° ± ° allows you to increase the number of blades 4 for better use of wind energy, to position the outer ends of the blades 4 at a sharper angle to the tangent of the adjacent circle of radius R. This allows the flow to enter the expanding channels for 5 s low hydraulic losses. Short blades 4 reduce the weight of V., provide the greatest force with minimal frictional losses, turn the air flow 90 °, exit the channels 5 with a direction to the central part of the chamber 6, where on a large space of the chamber 6 under the influence of reduced pressure of the windward side and centrifugal of force, self-reversal of closed flows occurs to the windward side of B ..

The manufacture of blades 4 is possible by cutting a cylindrical container (cans, barrels) into 4 parts along generatrixes, which simplifies the production of V. in non-production conditions.

The angle α (the angle between the outer end of the blade 4 and the tangent to the adjacent circle of radius R) is 14 ° -15 °.

The ratio of the radius R of the circle to the radius of the cylindrical surface of the blades 4 R: r≈2.5.

The hubs 11, 12 are rigidly connected with the shaft 1 and with the corresponding disks 2, 3, a reliable transmission of torque from the blades 4 through the disks 2, 3 and the hubs 11, 12 to the shaft 1 is ensured. The hubs 11, 12 and the bent ends 7, 8 of the disks 2, 3 have equal height h. This makes it possible at a low average annual wind speed to install several rotors on the long shaft 1 by eliminating the thin wall in the hole of the hub 12.

The low height of V. allows the presence of one support, this simplifies the design and operation.

Advantages of W .:

- the wind is used at a higher altitude and at low speed,

- low weight

- high power

- reliable and durable in operation,

- simple in design, manufacturing technology and operation.

The author made two V. from the same materials and with equal dimensions: prototype and experimental. With the same airflow experienced V. began to rotate earlier, had high revolutions, and after the termination of airflow, by inertia it rotated for more than 120 seconds., Prototype 70 seconds. Flat plexiglass discs (without limb). Dimensions L × H = 205 mm × 50 mm. To monitor the flows in the channels, threads with weights were installed.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary wind turbine containing a vertical shaft, lower and upper parallel disks rigidly interconnected by radially curved blades forming air channels interconnected in the central chamber, characterized in that the disks are protruding beyond the ends of the blades, and their protruding the parts are bent outward and provided with radial cuts. 2. The rotary wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels between adjacent blades are made expandable to the shaft. 3. The rotary wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc length of the cylindrical surface of the blades is $${90}^{\circ }\mp 3^{\circ }$$

. 4. The rotary wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the hubs, rigidly connected with the respective disks and shaft, is equal to the height of the bent part of the adjacent disk.

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