RU2489531C1 - Galvanic nickel-based composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: material contains the following, wt %: cobalt 1.6-6.9, plastic fluor 1.0-3.7, silicon oxide 0.8-2.2, and nickel is the rest.

EFFECT: obtaining material in the form of microcrystalline, uniform, self-lubricating coatings with high wear resistance and microhardness.

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Description

The present invention relates to the production of a composite material by the electrochemical method as a wear-resistant material in various industries.

In industry, the need arose to increase the wear resistance of various nickel-based materials.

An increase in the wear resistance of nickel-based materials can be achieved by alloying them with metals and (or) non-metals.

Composite materials are known:

nickel based:

- with C, Si, SiC, TiC, TaC, ZrC, WC, SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , BeO, ZrO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , MoS ₂ , MoSi ₂ , etc. (Sayfullin P.S. Composite coatings and materials. - M.: Chemistry, 1977. - 272 s),

- with fluoroplastic (Balakay V.I., Balakay I.V., Gerasimenko Yu.Ya. Electrolyte for deposition of composite coating nickel-fluoroplastic. Pat. 2297476 Russian Federation, IPC 7 C25D 15/00. - No. 2005130886/02; - Declared on October 5, 2005; published on April 20, 2007; Bull. No. 11).

Based on nickel alloys:

- nickel-boron with fluoroplastic (V. Balakay. Galvanic composite material based on nickel. Pat. 2213813 Russian Federation, IPC 7 S25D 15/00. - No. 2002113887/02; decl. 05.27.2002; publ. 10.10.2003 , Bull. No. 28), possessing increased wear resistance in comparison with purely nickel coatings.

A significant drawback of these composite materials and alloys is that the wear resistance is insufficient.

Closest to the alleged invention in technical essence is a composite material nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic of the following composition, wt.%:

cobalt 1.7-7.1 ftoroplast 1.1-3.9 nickel rest.

(Balakai V.I., Arzumanova A.V., Kurnakova N.Yu., Balakay I.V., Balakay K.V. Galvanic composite material based on nickel Balakai V.I., Arzumanova A.V., Kurnakova N. .Yu., Balakay I.V., Balakay K.V. Pat. 2352693 Russian Federation, IPC S25D 15/00 (2006.01). - No. 20088110628/02; claimed 19.03.2008; published on 20.04.2009, Bull . No. 11).

However, this composite material has insufficient wear resistance.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the wear resistance of the microhardness of nickel-based materials by doping with silicon oxide.

This task is achieved by obtaining a composite material Nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

cobalt 1.6-6.9 ftoroplast 1.0-3.7, silica 0.8-2.2 nickel rest.

The presence of silicon oxide in the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic increases its wear resistance.

The increase in the content of silicon oxide in the composition above the upper claimed limit leads to an increase in internal stresses, deterioration in quality.

A decrease in the content of silicon oxide in the composition below the lower claimed limit leads to a decrease in the wear resistance of the composite material.

To test the proposed composition of the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic, compositions were prepared whose chemical composition is shown in Table 1, where 2, 3, 4 are the content of silicon oxide at the lower, middle and upper levels, respectively, and 1 and 5 the content of silicon oxide in the composition beyond the boundary values.

The composite material nickel-cobalt-alumina-fluoroplastic was obtained by the electrochemical method from an electrolyte of the following composition, g / l:

nickel chloride 200-350, cobalt chloride 2-10, boric acid 25-40, chloramine B 1.5-3.0, silica 1.0-30,

fluoroplastic emulsion

F-4D (TU 6-05-041-508-79) 7-35.

Electrolysis modes: pH 1.5-5.5, temperature 18-40 ° C, cathodic current density 0.5-11 A / dm ² with stirring with a mechanical stirrer (50-100 rpm).

Table 1 The chemical composition of the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic and prototype nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic Composite material and prototype Nickel Cobalt Silica Ftoroplast Suggested 1 98.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 2 97.2 1,6 0.8 1,0 3 92.9 4.4 1,5 2,3 four 89.0 6.9 2.2 3,7 5 86.8 9.1 4.3 Famous 97.1 4.6 - 2,5

The presence of silicon oxide in composite electrolytic coatings can increase the wear resistance of coatings.

Nickel-cobalt alloy is a good structural material, and therefore it is of great importance to develop coatings based on it that have high wear resistance and low friction coefficient. In order to increase the wear resistance of the nickel-cobalt alloy, it was proposed to add fluoroplastic (the so-called self-lubricating material) to the coating, which forms a thin fluoroplastic film on the surface of the composite nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic coatings as a result of friction of two surfaces against each other and crushing of the fluoroplastic located in coating (obtained patents No. 2352693, 2352694). However, due to the fact that the coating usually does not have a perfectly smooth surface, a harder coating in the latter case with its projections should destroy the self-lubricating material, which is formed on the surface of the coatings in the form of fluoroplastic with a higher speed and thereby reduce the wear resistance of the coatings and their friction . In addition, the base must have a higher microhardness. Therefore, it was proposed in order to increase the wear resistance of coatings and reduce the friction coefficient to apply not a nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic composite coating to rubbing products, but a nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic composite coating, since coatings when silicon oxide is introduced into the electrolyte is obtained more finely crystalline, uniform and have a higher microhardness. At present, wear-resistant and self-lubricating coatings are of some practical interest.

Example 1. Composite material of chemical composition, wt.%: Cobalt 0.5, silicon oxide 0.4, fluoroplastic 0.5, nickel else, precipitated from the electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel chloride 150, cobalt chloride 1, boric acid 20, chlorine B 1.0, silicon oxide 0.5, fluoroplastic emulsion F-4D 5.0 at pH 5.5, a temperature of 17 ° C and a cathodic current density of 0.5 A / dm ² . The electrolyte was prepared as follows. In an electrolytic bath filled to ¾ the required volume with tap water, at a temperature of 60-70 ° C, boric acid, chloramine B and nickel chloride were dissolved, after they brought the electrolyte level to the required volume, silicon oxide and a fluoroplastic emulsion were introduced. The pH of the electrolyte was adjusted either with hydrochloric acid or with sodium or potassium hydroxide (100-150 g / l).

Example 2. Composite material of chemical composition, wt.%: Cobalt 1.6, silicon oxide 0.8, fluoroplastic 1.0, nickel else, precipitated from the electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel chloride 200, cobalt chloride 2, boric acid 25, chloramine B 1.5, silicon oxide 1, fluoroplastic emulsion F-4D 7.0 at pH 5.3, a temperature of 19 ° C and a cathodic current density of 1 A / dm ² . The electrolyte was prepared according to the method described above.

Example 3. Composite material of chemical composition, wt.%: Cobalt 4.4, silicon oxide 1.5, fluoroplast 2.3, nickel else, precipitated from the electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel chloride 250, cobalt chloride 6, boric acid 32, chloramine B 2.2, silicon oxide 16, fluoroplastic emulsion F-4D 20 at pH 3.0, a temperature of 30 ° C and a cathodic current density of 5 A / dm ² . The electrolyte was prepared according to the method described above.

Example 4. Composite material of chemical composition, May,%: cobalt 6.9, silicon oxide 2.2, fluoroplastic 3.7, nickel else, precipitated from the electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel chloride 350, cobalt chloride 10, boric acid 40, chloramine B 3.0, silicon oxide 30, fluoroplastic emulsion F-4D 35 at pH 1.5, a temperature of 40 ° C and a cathode current density of 11 A / dm ² . The electrolyte was prepared according to the method described above.

Example 5. Composite material of chemical composition, wt.%: Cobalt 9.1, silicon oxide 2.7, fluoroplastic 4.3, nickel, the rest was precipitated from the electrolyte composition, g / l: nickel chloride 370, cobalt chloride 15, boric acid 40 , chloramine B 3,5, silicon oxide 35, fluoroplastic emulsion F-4D 38 at a pH of 0.9, a temperature of 45 ° C and a cathodic current density of 10 A / dm ² . The electrolyte was prepared according to the method described above.

The prototype was precipitated from the electrolyte according to (Balakai V.I., Arzumanova A.V., Kurnakova N.Yu., Balakay I.V., Balakay K.V. Galvanic composite material based on nickel Balakai V.I., Arzumanova A. V., Kurnakova N.Yu., Balakay I.V., Balakay K.V. Pat. 2352693 Russian Federation, IPC S25D 15/00 (2006.01). - No. 20088110628/02; claimed 19.03.2008; publ. 04/20/2009, Bull. No. I).

Table 2 shows the physicomechanical properties of the proposed composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplast and the prototype nickel-cobalt-fluoroplast.

table 2 Physico-mechanical properties of the proposed composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic and prototype nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic Physico-mechanical properties of the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic and nickel-cobalt-fluoroplastic (prototype) The proposed composition Prototype one 3 2 four 5 Wear resistance in conditions of boundary friction with steel St 45 at a load of 20-30 kgf / cm ² , μm / h 0.34 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.24 0.33 Microhardness, GPa 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.8 9.1 6.4 Internal stress, MPa 64,2 65,2 67.6 71.0 85.3 67.2

As can be seen from table 2, the wear resistance of the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon oxide-fluoroplastic exceeds the wear resistance of the composite material nickel-cobalt-silicon fluoride (prototype) in 1.3-1.4.

Claims (1)

A galvanic composite material containing nickel, cobalt and fluoroplastic, characterized in that it additionally contains silicon oxide in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
cobalt 1.6-6.9 ftoroplast 1.0-3.7 silica 0.8-2.2 nickel rest