RU2486478C1 - Hopper of liquids and loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, a hopper comprises a gage tank, where a sensor of lower level is installed, as well as n sensors of upper level for batched volumes of liquids and loose materials, the first and second electrically controlled valves, input and output nozzles, and also a control system that comprises a lower level sensor and n sensors of upper level for batched volumes of liquids and loose materials, a trigger, the first and second indication units, a multiplexer, a clock oscillator, a unit of setting into the initial state, a logical element AND, a K-digit control bus, the first and second output terminals, an input terminal.

EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of a hopper and higher level of batching automation.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of automation of production processes in various fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, and is intended for the automation of technological processes associated with the dispensing of liquids and bulk materials.

A known dispenser containing a measuring tank, liquid level sensor, display unit, logic element And, trigger, first electrically operated valve, second electrically controlled valve (see, SU 1002841, MKI ³ G01F 11/00, published 03/07/83, bulletin No. 19 )

However, such a dispenser has the following disadvantages:

- its circuit design solution has a low level of automation of the liquid dosing process, because requires the presence of an operator for manual control of the dosing cycles of liquids using the dosing start button and setting the desired dose volume using the dose adjuster and the scale of the display unit, i.e. they are not provided with automatic control of the volume of the dosed liquid with a fixed volume of the measuring tank in cases of transition from one volume of the dosed liquid to another volume, which reduces its functionality and does not provide an increase in the level of automation of the liquid dosing process;

- there is no possibility of its operation in automatic mode as part of automated sections, lines and complexes for dispensing liquids, which also reduces its functionality and does not provide an increase in the level of automation of liquid dispensing processes.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a dispenser containing a measuring tank in the form of a body of revolution, the middle part of which is cylindrical, its upper and lower parts are conical, inlet fitting, an electrically operated valve that is connected to the inlet fitting, the first and second sensors, trigger, display unit, first and second outputs (see, RU 2117259, IPC ³ G01F 11/28, published on 08/10/1998). But such a dispenser has the following significant disadvantages:

- its design does not allow, in addition to dispensing liquids, to also dispense bulk materials, which reduces its functionality;

- they are not provided with automatic control of the volume of the dosed liquid or bulk material with a fixed volume of the measuring tank in cases of transition from one volume of the dosed liquid or bulk materials to their other volume, which reduces its functionality and does not provide increased automation of the process of dispensing liquids and bulk materials ;

- there is no possibility of its operation in automatic mode as part of automated sections, lines and complexes for dispensing liquids, which also reduces its functionality and does not provide an increase in the level of automation of processes for dispensing liquids.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to expand the functionality of the dispenser and increase the level of automation of the processes of dispensing liquids and bulk materials.

The problem to be solved is achieved by the fact that in the dispenser of liquids and bulk materials containing a measuring tank in the form of a body of revolution, the middle part of which is cylindrical, and its upper and lower parts are conical, inlet fitting, the first electrically operated valve connected to one side with the input fitting, the first and second sensors, the trigger, the inverse output of which is the first output of the dispenser, the first display unit, it contains (n-1) sensors, which together with the first sensor are upper level sensors for volume of liquids and bulk materials and are installed along the vertical axis of the measuring tank on the outside of its cylindrical surface in places calibrated for the given volumes of dosing liquids and bulk materials; the multiplexer, the output of which is connected to the trigger K input, whose inverse output is connected to the input the first display unit, a clock, the output of which is connected to the trigger C-input, the initialization unit, the output of which is connected to the trigger S-input, a logical element t And, whose output is the second output of the dispenser and connected to the input of the first electrically controlled valve, the first input is to the direct output of the trigger, and the second input of the logical element And is the control input of the dispenser, the second display unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the logical element And, the output nipple, the second electrically controlled valve, the input of which is connected to the inverse output of the trigger, the J-input of which is connected to the output of the second sensor, which is a lower level sensor of the dosed volumes of liquids and granular materials rials and installed on the outer conical surface of the lower part of the measuring tank in place of a label calibrated to a predetermined lower level of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, the K-bit control bus, the bits of which form a digital binary address code for controlling the information inputs of the multiplexer, the information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the respective sensors of the upper levels of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, while at the tops of the upper and lower conical parts measuring tank made mounting holes in which the first and second electrically operated valves are mounted respectively with inlet and outlet fittings connected to them, the free ends of which are respectively an input for filling and an outlet for emptying the measuring tank with dosed liquids and bulk materials, and K- discharge control bus, dispenser control input, its first and second outputs form electrical circuits for interfacing the dispenser with technological objects doser units having a higher level of automation of the processes for dispensing liquids and bulk materials, and ensure that the batcher is embedded in these technological objects as an independent technological module or a group of such modules operating in automatic mode and controlled by these technological objects through the indicated interface circuits.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of the dispenser.

The dispenser contains a measuring tank 1, first 2 and second 3 solenoid valves, inlet 4 and outlet 5 fittings, n sensors 6 of the upper level of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, sensor 7 of the lower level of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, trigger 8, first 9 and second 10 display units, multiplexer 11, clock generator 12, initialization unit 13, logic element And 14, K-bit control bus 15, first 16 and second 17 output terminals, input terminal 18, which is the control input of the dispenser. The outputs of the sensors 6 are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the multiplexer 11, the output of which is connected to the K-input of the trigger 8, the address inputs are to the corresponding bits of the bus 15. The J-input of the trigger 8 is connected to the output of the sensor 7, the C-input to the output of the clock generator 12 , S-input - with the output of block 13, direct output - with the first input of element 14, inverse output - with the input of indication block 9, valve input 3 and terminal 16. The second input of element 14 is connected to terminal 18, the output is to the valve input 2, the input of the display unit 10 and to terminal 17.

The measuring tank 1 has the shape of a body of revolution, and its middle part is made of cylindrical shape, and its upper and lower parts are conical in shape, and mounting holes are made at the tops of the upper and lower conical parts of the measuring tank. In the mounting hole of the upper conical part of the measuring tank 1, a first electrically controlled valve 2 is installed with a fitting 4 connected to it, the free end of which is the inlet of the measuring tank 1 and through which the measuring tank 1 is filled with a dosed liquid or bulk material through a process pipe from the tank -stores (not shown). In the mounting hole of the lower conical part of the measuring tank 1, there is a second electrically controlled valve 3 with a fitting 5 connected to it, the free end of which is the outlet of the measuring tank 1 and through which the dosed liquid or bulk material is drained from the measuring tank 1 into a filled container ( not shown). Along the vertical axis of the measuring tank 1, on the outside of its cylindrical surface, n sensors 6 are installed in place of labels calibrated for given volumes of dosed liquids or bulk materials. On the external conical surface of the lower part of the measuring tank, a sensor 7 is installed at the location of the label calibrated to the lower limit of the dosed liquids and bulk materials. The measuring tank 1 is designed to fill it with liquids or bulk materials with a given dosed volume.

Using the multiplexer 11, bus 15 and sensors 6, 7, an algorithm for controlling the dosed volume of liquid or bulk materials is implemented with a fixed internal volume of the measuring tank 1, the internal volume of which is selected based on the required maximum dosed volume of liquid or bulk material.

The minimum number N of information inputs of the multiplexer 11 must be equal to the number n of the sensors 6, i.e. should be equal to the amount of dosing volumes of liquid or bulk material required. The maximum number N of information inputs of multiplexer 11 must be equal to or greater than the number n of sensors 6 and is selected from the series: N = m, 2m, 4m, 8m, 16m, 32m, 64m, 128m, 256m, etc.,

where m is an integer of 8, i.e. the standard number of information inputs of the multiplexer 11, made in the form of microcircuits with a minimum degree of integration.

The number k of address inputs of the multiplexer 11 is selected from a series of integers, starting from the number 3: k = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, etc.

Thus, the choice of the optimal ratio N / k of the number of information N and address inputs k of the multiplexer should be made from the following series:

N / k = m / 3, 2m / 4, 4m / 5, 8m / 6, 16m / 7, 32m / 8, 64m / 9, 128m / 10, 256m / 11, etc.

The initialization block 13 of the device circuit is made, for example, based on an n-pn type transistor and an RC circuit (see drawing), consisting of a capacitor and a resistor connected in series, the connection point of the first terminals of which is connected to the base of the transistor of block 13 and the second output of the resistor and the output of the emitter of the transistor of block 13 are connected to a common “ground” of the dispenser circuit. In this case, the second output of the capacitor is connected to the power supply source, and the collector of the transistor, which is the output of block 13, is connected to the S-input of trigger 8. Block 13 is used to set the device circuit to its initial state when the voltage was applied to it.

The indication blocks 9, 10 are made, for example, on the basis of (see the drawing) a series-connected resistor connected by the first output to the inverse or direct outputs of the trigger 8, and an LED, the cathode of which is connected to the common ground of the metering circuit. The display units 9, 10 are intended for visual monitoring of the correct condition of the dispenser and monitoring the supply of control signals to valves 3 and 2 from the inverse output of trigger 8 and the output of element 14, respectively.

The trigger 8 is designed to switch through the first input of the element And 14 of the valve 2 and valve 3 with its signals, respectively, from the direct and inverse outputs in accordance with the required algorithm for the operation of the dispenser. The inverse output of the trigger 8 and the output of the element 14 are made with levels of load capacity, providing switching control windings of valves 3, 2, respectively.

The clock generator 12 is designed to clock the trigger 8 at the C-input. On the leading edges of the clock pulses of the generator 12, information is recorded from the J- and K-inputs of the trigger to its direct and inverse outputs, respectively. The clock generator can be performed, for example, according to any known multivibrator scheme.

The input terminal 18 is designed to supply from the control panel (not shown) the technological object of operation of the dispenser to the second input of the element 14 of the control signal for its operation: when a signal with a logic level of "1" is received, the dispenser is allowed to operate, and when a signal with a logic level of "0" dispenser operation is suspended.

The output terminals 16 and 17 are respectively the first and second outputs of the dispenser. The signals from these outputs are sent to the control panel of the technological facility for operating the dispenser (for example, an automatic line, an automated complex or section (not shown) for dispensing liquids or bulk materials), which includes a dispenser as an independent module or a group of such modules operating in an automatic dosing regimen for liquids or bulk materials. In addition, the signals from terminals 16, 17 are intended for remote visual monitoring of the operation of the dispenser or (and) for reproduction for the needs of other consumers of these signals at the technological facility for operating the dispenser. At the same time, terminal 16 is designed to transmit an output signal dispenser to the control panel of a technological facility for operating, used to count (by the number of dispensed volumetric doses of liquid or bulk material) a built-in counter in this panel, the number of filled containers (not shown) of the dosed liquid, or bulk material during the work shift. In this case, terminal 17 is intended for transmitting an output signal, the duration of which is equal to the time of filling the reservoir with the dosed liquid to the required volume, to the control panel of the technological object of operation, for generating a control signal for moving the next empty container (not shown) into the working batching zone and positioning it under the pipe 5 dispensers.

The bus 15 is designed to transmit from the control panel of the technological object of operation of the dispenser to the address inputs of the multiplexer 11 of the digital binary address code for the corresponding information input of the multiplexer 11, switched to its output by this code. This code is essentially the equivalent of the selected one of the dosed volumes of liquid or bulk material, the upper level of which is controlled by the corresponding sensor from among n sensors 6.

The number of bits of the digital binary address code for bus 15 is formed by the results of monitoring and identifying the internal volume of empty containers entering the dispenser’s technological facility in its input control zone of this container using, for example, reading out an identifier (not shown) applied to its outer barcode surface corresponding to the volume of liquid dosed into it. The digital binary address code generated by this or another known identification method is supplied via bus 15 to the corresponding address inputs of multiplexer 11.

Terminals 16, 17, 18 and bus 15 are electrical circuits for connecting the dispenser to the technological objects of the dispenser operation, which have a significantly higher level of automation and which are, for example, an automatic line, an automated complex or section for dispensing liquids or bulk materials, and provide integration into these technological dispenser objects as an independent technological module or a group of such modules operating in automatic mode and controlled by these technological Sgiach objects through said interface circuit.

Sensors 6 and 7 are made, for example, by capacitive, ultrasonic or other types, which respond equally to both conductive and non-conductive liquids and bulk materials falling into their sensitivity zones. The sensor 20 controls the specified upper level of the maximum dosed volume of liquid 19, the sensor 21 controls the upper level of the minimum dosed volume of liquid 19. The remaining sensors from among n sensors 6 control the specified upper levels of the intermediate dosed volumes of liquid 19. The number n of sensors 6 is determined by the required number of dosed volumes of liquid or bulk materials and is indicated by the customer-consumer of the dispenser in the terms of reference for its development.

Dispenser operation description

Since the work of the dispenser when dispensing liquids does not differ from its work when dispensing bulk materials, for brevity, we consider the work of the dispenser using an example of a description of its work when dispensing liquid 19.

In the initial state, through terminal 18, voltage with a logic level “0” is applied to the second input of element 14 from the control panel of the technological object of operation of the dispenser, and, for example, a digital binary code is written to the address inputs of multiplexer 11 via bus 15, in each digit of which a digit is written zero. At the time of supplying the supply voltage to the dispenser, a short voltage pulse is generated at the output of block 13 with a logic level of “0”, which is fed to the S-input of trigger 8. The latter is set to its initial state, at which voltage with a logic level of 1 is established at its direct output ", which is supplied to the first input of logic element 14. And on the inverse output of trigger 8, a voltage is set with a logic level of" 0 ", which is fed to the input of display unit 9, terminal 16 and valve input 3. Under the influence of this zheniya valve 3 moves to the closed position. Since the voltage with the logic level “0” is set at the second input of the logic element 14 from terminal 18, the logic level “1” of the voltage does not pass from the direct output of the trigger 8 to the input of the valve 2, and it switches to the closed position. After setting the trigger 8 to its initial state, the LEDs of the indication blocks 9, 10 go into the quenched state.

However, after the supply voltage to the dispenser, the output of the sensor 7 is set to a voltage with a logic level of "1", which is supplied to the J-input of trigger 8. At the same time, the outputs of the sensors 6 are set voltage with levels of logical "0", which are supplied to the corresponding information inputs of the multiplexer 11. In the multiplexer 11, its first information input and output are closed to each other, since a digital binary code is installed on the address inputs of the multiplexer 11, the digit zero is written in each bit of it. As a result, from the output of the multiplexer 11 to the K-input of the trigger 8 from the output of the sensor 20 a voltage with a logic level of "0" is applied.

At the time of supplying the supply voltage to the dispenser, the generator 12 switches to the mode of generation of clock pulses, which are supplied to the C-input of the trigger 8. In this case, information from the J- and K-inputs of the trigger 8 is written to its corresponding outputs on the leading edge of the clock pulse of the generator 12. In this case, before the first clock pulse arrives at the C-input of the trigger from the output of the clock generator 12, the direct and inverse outputs of trigger 8 are set to voltages corresponding to the levels of logical "1" and logical "0", and voltages are set at its J- and K-inputs with levels of logical "1" and logical "0" respectively. This combination of logic signals at the J- and K-inputs of trigger 8 under the action of the first clock pulse of the generator 12 confirms its initial state, in which voltages with levels of logical “1” and logical “0”, respectively, are set at its direct and inverse outputs. Therefore, switching trigger 8 to another state in this case does not occur.

Thus, after applying the supply voltage, the dispenser is set to its initial state, at which voltage with a logic level “0” is set at terminal 18, voltages with logical “1” and logical “0” levels are set at the direct output of trigger 8 and terminal 17, respectively, on the inverse output of trigger 8 and terminal 16, a voltage with a logic level of "0" is set, the generator 12 is in the mode of generation of clock pulses, the outputs of the sensors 6 are set voltage with levels of a logical "0", the output of the sensor 7 is set a logic level “1”, a multiplexer 11, the output of the sensor 20 is switched to the K-input of the trigger 8, the valves 2, 3 are in the closed position, the LEDs of the blocks 9, 10 are in the off state, there is no liquid 19 in the measuring tank 1, the dispenser is ready to go into the dispensing mode of the liquid 19 with the largest dosed volume.

At the moment of supplying voltage through the terminal 18 with a logic level “1” to the second input of element 14, it switches to another state, in which a voltage with a logic level “1” is set at its output, at the input of the display unit 10 and the valve 2 input, so how voltage is set at both inputs of element 14 with logical levels of “1”. As a result, the LED of the display unit 10 is illuminated, the LED of the display unit 9 continues to be in the canceled state, and the valve 2 opens, and through the nozzle 4, the measuring tank 1 begins to fill with liquid 19 from the storage tank through a process pipe (not shown). In this case, the dispenser switches to automatic dispensing of liquid with the highest dosing volume. After which the level of the filled liquid 19 begins to rise gradually. After a certain period of time, the liquid 19 washes the sensitive surface of the sensor 7, which switches to another state, in which a voltage with a logic level of "0" is established at its output and at the J-input of trigger 8. Since the J- and K-inputs of trigger 8 are set to voltage levels of logical “0”, under the action of the clock pulse of the generator 12, switching of trigger 8 to another state does not occur, and filling with the liquid 19 of the measuring tank 1 continues, and its level continues rise up, as valves 2 and 3 continue to be in the same position. The LEDs of blocks 10 and 9 continue to be in the lit and extinguished states, respectively.

After a certain period of time, the liquid 19 washes the sensitive surfaces of the sensors 6, which switch to a different state, in which voltage with logical levels of "1" is set at their outputs. The voltage with the logic level “1” only from the output of the sensor 20 is supplied through the multiplexer 11 to the K-input of the trigger 8, since the outputs of the remaining sensors 6 are disconnected by the multiplexer 11 from the K-input of the trigger 8, because the address inputs of the multiplexer 11 are fed through bus 15 digital binary code with zero values of all its bits. Since the J- and K-inputs of trigger 8 are set to voltage levels of logical “0” and logical “1”, respectively, under the action of the next clock pulse of the generator 12, trigger 8 switches to another state, in which it is set on its direct and inverse outputs voltages with levels of logical "0" and logical "1", respectively. In this case, under the action of voltage from the direct output of trigger 8, element 14 switches to another state in which a voltage with a logic level “0” is established at its output, at the input of the indicating unit 10, terminal 17 and the input of valve 2, under which the valve 2 closes , and the LED of the display unit 10 turns off. As a result, the filling with liquid 19 of the measuring tank 1 is stopped. In this case, under the action of a voltage with a logic level “1” from the inverted output of trigger 8, a voltage with a logic level “1” is established at terminal 16, the LED of the display unit 9 lights up, and valve 3 opens, and the liquid 19 is drained through the nozzle 5 into the container ( not shown).

Then, after a certain period of time, the sensitive surface of the sensor 20 is drained. As a result, the sensor 20 switches to another state in which a voltage with a logic level of “0” is established at its output; which is fed through the multiplexer 11 to the K-input of trigger 8. Since the J- and K-inputs of trigger 8 are set to voltage levels of logical "0", under the action of the next clock pulse of the generator 12, the trigger does not switch to another state. Therefore, the valves 2 and 3 continue to be in their former state, in which the discharge of liquid 19 from the measuring tank 1 continues.

Then, after a certain period of time, the liquid 19 is poured out of the measuring tank 1, and the sensitive surface of the sensor 7 is drained. As a result, the sensor 7 switches to its initial state, in which a voltage with a logic level of "1" is set at its output and at the J-input of trigger 8. Since the J- and K-inputs of trigger 8 have voltages with the levels of logical “1” and logical “0”, respectively, under the action of the next clock pulse of the generator 12, trigger 8 switches to another state, in which its direct and inverse outputs are set voltage levels of logical "1" and logical "0", respectively. After that, voltages with logical “0” and logical “1” levels, respectively, are set at terminals 16 and 17, the LED of block 10 lights up, and the LED of block 9 goes out. In this case, under the action of the output voltages of the trigger 8, the valve 2 opens, and the valve 3 closes, and the liquid dosing cycle described above is repeated.

The operation of the dispenser in the described automatic mode of operation will continue until a voltage signal with a logic level “0” arrives at terminal 18 or until the power supply to the dispenser is turned off. After that, the operation of the dispenser is accordingly suspended or terminated.

The operation of the dispenser after each change of the digital binary code another (n-1) time at the address inputs of the multiplexer 11 in the direction of increasing its value by one binary unit is similar to its operation described above. The difference between the operation of the dispenser in these cases consists only in the fact that after each such change of the indicated code, it will differ only in a smaller dosed volume of liquid in comparison with the previous value of the specified code.

Thus, from the description of the dispenser circuit and its operation, it follows that the proposed dispenser in comparison with analogues has a number of advantages, since:

- the range of dosed liquids and bulk materials is expanding, which expands its functionality;

- provides automatic control of the volume of dosed liquids and bulk materials with a fixed internal volume of the measuring tank, which expands its functionality, and provides an increase in the level of automation of the process of dispensing liquids and bulk materials;

- it is possible to integrate the dispenser into technological facilities that have a higher level of automation of the processes for dispensing liquids and bulk materials, as an independent automated module or a group of such modules, which also expands its functionality and increases the level of automation of technological processes for dispensing liquids and bulk materials.

Claims (1)

A dispenser of liquids and bulk materials, containing a measuring tank in the form of a body of revolution, the middle part of which is cylindrical in shape, and its upper and lower parts are conical in shape, an inlet fitting, a first electrically operated valve connected on one side to the inlet fitting, the first and second sensors , a trigger whose inverse output is the first output of the dispenser, a first display unit, characterized in that (n-1) sensors are introduced into it, which together with the first sensor are sensors of the upper levels of the dosed volume in liquids and bulk materials and are installed along the vertical axis of the measuring tank on the outside of its cylindrical surface in places of labels calibrated for given volumes of dosed liquids and bulk materials, a multiplexer whose output is connected to the trigger K input, whose inverse output is connected to the input of the first display unit, a clock generator whose output is connected to the trigger C-input, an initialization unit, the output of which is connected to the trigger S-input, an AND logic element, the output of which is the second output of the dispenser and connected to the input of the first electrically controlled valve, the first input is to the direct output of the trigger, and the second input of the logic element And is the input of the dispenser control, the second display unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the logical element And, the output fitting, the second electrically controlled valve the input of which is connected to the inverse output of the trigger, the J-input of which is connected to the output of the second sensor, which is a low level sensor of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials and on the outer conical surface of the lower part of the measuring tank in place of a label calibrated to a predetermined lower level of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, a K-bit control bus, the bits of which form a digital binary address code for controlling the information inputs of the multiplexer, the information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding sensors of the upper levels of the dosed volumes of liquids and bulk materials, while at the tops of the upper and lower conical parts of the measuring tank mounting holes are filled into which the first and second electrically operated valves are mounted respectively with inlet and outlet fittings connected respectively to them, the free ends of which are respectively an input for filling and an outlet for emptying the measuring tank with dosed liquids and bulk materials, and the K-bit control bus , the dispenser control input, its first and second outputs form electrical circuits for interfacing the dispenser with the technological objects of operation of the dispenser, I have They provide a higher level of automation of the processes of dispensing liquids and bulk materials, and provide the embedding of the dispenser in these technological objects as an independent technological module or a group of such modules operating in automatic mode and controlled by these technological objects through the indicated interface circuits.