RU2485748C2 - Method of increasing yield of spring rapeseeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes separation of the starting material into fractions and sowing the cleaned seeds. For sowing the seeds of an average fraction of diameter of 2.0 mm are used, which are obtained by sorting through the sieves with round holes of diameter of 1.9, 2.1 mm.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase yield of spring rapeseeds and their oil content.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the preparation of seeds of spring rape for sowing, and can be used in seed production.

It is known that when sorting seed material, the goal is to allocate large, heavy seeds with a large supply of nutrients for sowing, which ensures amicable and full seedlings.

According to Travin I.S. [1], the effect of seed quality on size has a positive effect on the hay yield of perennial grasses (clover and timothy), especially in the first year of use.

According to Filatov F.I. [2], when sown with large seeds, the yield of grass seeds (alfalfa and wheatgrass) also increases.

An indicator of seed coarseness is in the experiments of the aforementioned authors the mass of 1000 pieces of seeds (“absolute weight”).

From these data it is impossible to conclude how to sort the seeds to prepare them for sowing.

Filimonov M.A. [3] writes that a clear relationship between the transverse dimensions and germination capacity was established for mogar seeds after sorting them by width on sieves with punching round holes. A sharp deterioration in the sowing qualities of moghar seeds is observed when their sizes are less than 1.5 mm. Even smaller seeds of moghara (less than 1.3 mm) no longer represent economic value, because their absolute weight and laboratory germination are two times lower compared to seeds before sorting. It should be noted that the largest seeds of moghara (sieve gathering 1.8 mm) do not have special advantages over medium-sized seeds (sieve gathering 1.5 mm) both in laboratory germination and in green mass yield.

Sorting of corn seeds on sieves has a positive effect on field germination. This is due to the fact that seeds with a higher absolute weight germinate better in the field, because they have a sufficient supply of nutrients and a relatively large size of the embryo.

When sowing calibrated seeds, seedlings of corn appear more amicable and more complete. In calibrated seed fractions of the same sample, no special differences are observed, with the exception of the smallest seeds, in which the field germination, as expected, is somewhat reduced.

In all the cited works, the sizes of seeds are indicated as “small” and “large”, and specific fractional sizes are not given.

For mustard of Sarepta, writes V.G. Kartamyshev et al. [4], of a small-seeded culture (weight of 1000 seeds 2-4 g), the size of the seeds and the concentrated nutrient supply in it are of great importance. He also indicates that the productivity of plants grown from seed fractions with a mass of 1000 pieces of 4.08 g was higher than that of plants from seeds with a mass of 1000 pieces of 2.43 g, by 0.2 t / ha, and the collection of oil - 84 kg / ha. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the production of larger seeds both in the process of growing them and by sorting on seed cleaning machines.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not indicate how the mass of 1000 pieces is regulated and which fraction should be obtained when sorting on seed cleaning machines to obtain seed.

The aim of this invention is to increase the yield and oil content of spring rape seeds at an average sowing rate due to the allocation of fractions of rapeseed seeds with a diameter of 2.0 mm

The technical result is achieved by the fact that through a set of sieves with round holes with a diameter of 1.7; 1.8; 1.9; 2.0; 2.1 and 2.2 mm is the separation of the starting material into fractions. Then, in each fraction, the seed yield is determined in percent, the mass of 1000 pieces of seeds (MTS), the germination energy and germination of seeds and their oil content are determined in comparison with the starting material (table 1).

From table 1 it can be seen that the maximum seed yield is collected in medium fractions of ⌀ 1.9 and ⌀ 2.0 (19.9 and 37.7%), their MTS (mass of 1000 pieces) is average (3.0 and 3, 2 g). For small fractions (I and II), at a yield of 11.8 and 15.8%, MTS is 2.1 and 2.6 g, respectively, and for large fractions (V and VI) at a yield of 8.7 and 6.1% MTS it turns out 3.8 and 4.2 g. Seed germination in fractions is from 95 to 99%. According to GOST R 52325-2005, germination of spring rape seeds is allowed from 85 to 80%. Oil content is distributed in the following order: the smallest and largest fractions (I and VI) had 45.2 and 45.7%, fractions II and V - 47.1 and 47.6%, and the middle fractions (III and IV) - 46.6 and 47.9%. The source material was an average value for both MTS and germination and oil content of seeds.

Sowing of spring rape of the Moscow Region harvest of 2007 was carried out by the ordinary method in four repetitions with a sowing rate of 2 million seeds of germinating seeds, which amounted to 4.2 in fractions; 5.2; 6.0; 6.4; 7.6; 8.4 and source material 6.6 kg / ha (table 2).

Seeds were harvested by direct combining with a selection combine harvester. The average seed yield by fractions was obtained as follows: I fraction - 2.75; II - 2.88; III - 2.98; IV - 3.07; V - 2.98; VI - 2.88 and source material - 2.84 t / ha. Also, the maximum oil collection was in the IV fraction and amounted to 1.32 t / ha.

From these data it is seen that the lowest yield was obtained (2.75 t / ha) from small seeds (I fraction). From seeds of the II fraction (⌀ 1.8 mm), 2.88 t / ha was obtained, the same amount as from the VI fraction (⌀ 2.2 mm). The maximum yield (3.07 t / ha) was obtained from the IV fraction (⌀ 2.0 mm). From the starting material, the yield was 2.84 t / ha higher than that of the first fraction, but lower than all the rest.

Table 1 Qualitative indicators and distribution of rape seed fractions of the spring variety of the Moscow Region harvest 2007 Fractions I II III IV V VI Raw material Diameter of holes of sieves, mm 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 Seed yield,% 11.8 15.8 19.9 37.7 8.7 6.1 one hundred The mass of 1000 seeds, g (MTS) 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.2 3.3 Germination,% 97 99 99 96 97 95 97 Oil content,% 45,2 47.1 46.6 47.9 47.6 45.7 46.8

table 2 The effect of fractional composition on productivity and quality indicators of spring rape seeds of the Moscow Region sowing 2009 Seeding rate, mln.pcs / ha / kg / ha 2.0 / 4.2 2.0 / 5.2 2.0 / 6.0 2.0 / 6.4 2.0 / 7.6 2.0 / 8.4 2.0 / 6.6 Productivity, t / ha 2.75 2.88 2.98 3.07 2.98 2.88 2.84 MTS, g 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.9 2,8 2.7 Germination,% 95 95 95 94 95 92 95 Oil content,% 47.1 47.3 47.6 47.6 48.3 47.5 46,4 Oil collection, t / ha 1.17 1.23 1.28 1.32 1.30 1.20 1.19

These experiments showed that sowing with fractionated seeds of spring rape allows you to get seed yields depending on the size of the seeds of this fraction. The IV fraction gives the highest seed yield. It exceeds the yield of the starting material by 0.23 t / ha, I fraction by 0.32 t / ha, II by 0.19 t / ha, etc. The largest oil collection was also obtained from seeds of the IV fraction and exceeded the source material by 130 kg / ha. This suggests that only due to the clear sorting of rapeseed can we select a certain fraction of seeds for sowing and get an increase in yield.

Since rapeseed is a high oil crop, selecting a certain fraction for sowing, the remaining fractions can be used to obtain oil.

Information sources

1. Travin I.S. Seed production of perennial herbs. - M: Selkhozgiz, 1947 .-- 260 p.

2. Filatov F.I. Agrobiological basis for the cultivation of perennial herbs. - Saratov, 1951. - 278 p.

3. Filimonov M.A. Seeds of fodder plants and their biological properties. - M: Selkhozizdat, 1961, - 264 p.

4. Kartamyshev VG, Shurupov VG, Kartamysheva EV Selection and seed production of mustard seed in Rostov region. Breeding and seed production. - 1996. - No. 1-2. - p. 26-28.

5. GOST R 52325 - 2005 Seeds of agricultural plants. Varietal and sowing qualities. - M.: Gosstandart of Russia. - 2005 .-- 30 s.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the yield of spring rape seeds, including the separation of the source material into fractions and sowing with cleaned seeds, characterized in that for sowing, seeds of the middle fraction with a diameter of 2.0 mm obtained by sorting on sieves with round holes of 1.9 diameter are used; 2.1 mm.