RU2484123C1 - Fuel for detonation kick motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to fuel for detonation kick motor on the basis of synthetic high-density fuel T-10, which differs by the fact that in order to increase its detonation activity, prodetonator - butylhydroperoxide (wt %) is added additionally to the fuel: fuel T-10 99 - 99.3%; tert-butylhydroperoxide 0.7-1%.

EFFECT: creation of fuel for detonation kick motor with increased sensitivity to detonation pulse and improved conditions of its detonation combustion in the chamber of detonation kick motor at introduction to it of tert-butylhydroperoxide as a prodetonator.

Description

The invention relates to fuels for jet engines, in particular to compositions of hydrocarbon fuels containing additives (detonators) that increase the detonation sensitivity of hydrocarbon fuels.

It is known that one of the most effective methods of increasing the detonation ability is the introduction of activating additives into the fuel - detonators [1], which include organic peroxides.

Known additive to hydrocarbon fuel [4], consisting of halogenated hydrocarbon, hydroperoxide (cumyl hydroperoxide or tertiary butyl hydroperoxide), naphthalene or alkyl derivatives of naphthalene and an organic solvent, added to hydrocarbon fuel such as fuel oil, diesel fuel or gasoline in an amount of 1-2 parts by a thousand and improving the starting features of diesel fuel and further improving combustion efficiency. This invention was intended to be used as a fuel additive for internal combustion engines.

Known additive to gasoline and diesel fuel [3], consisting of alcohol, toluene and hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 16/18/1, to increase the octane and cetane number and increase the efficiency of fuel combustion. The invention was also intended to be used as an additive to hydrocarbon jet fuel.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is "Fuel for a pulsed detonation engine" [5]. Having significant advantages over previous analogues, the indicated technical solution has some drawbacks: benzoyl peroxide used in the additive is an aromatic compound that increases the carbon-forming ability of the fuel, in addition, this additive is a solid substance insoluble in hydrocarbon fuels, requiring preliminary dissolution in benzene, which is also an aromatic compound, and, in the case of using this fuel additive for pulse detonation vigatelya, detonation combustion rate will decrease due to the formation of carbon deposits on the combustion chamber walls.

An object of the present invention is to provide fuel for a pulsed detonation engine with increased sensitivity to a detonation pulse and improved conditions for its detonation combustion in the chamber of a pulsed detonation engine when an additive of 0.7-1% tert-butyl hydroperoxide is introduced into it,

to obtain the composition of the hydrocarbon fuel of a pulsed detonation engine based on synthetic high-density fuel T-10 (wt.%):

fuel T-10 99-99.3%; tert-butyl hydroperoxide 0.7-1%.

A comparative analysis of the technical solution with the known shows that the claimed technical solution is characterized in that the fuel composition contains tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Compared to benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide has a lower carbon-forming ability and does not require additional dissolution for introduction into the fuel. Also, tert-butyl hydroperoxide has a higher detonation effect, increasing the sensitivity of the fuel to detonation impulse.

The fuel composition according to this invention is prepared by directly introducing the calculated amount of the additive directly into the fuel.

The activating effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide is due to the replacement of the primary decomposition of a hydrocarbon fuel with a more energetically favorable decomposition reaction of the proxy. According to the literature [2], the decomposition of prodonators occurs with an activation energy of 0.15 ... 0.19 MJ / mol instead of 0.37 ... 0.49 MJ / mol in the case of hydrocarbons. In addition, along with the primary decomposition of hydrocarbons, it is possible to replace hydrocarbon radicals with oxygen atoms, which serve as high-temperature ignition centers.

The addition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the fuel T-10 affects the increase in acidity of the fuel composition as a whole due to the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel and slightly reduces the ignition temperature of the fuel composition.

The usefulness of the t-butyl hydroperoxide fuel additive T-10 will become apparent from the following example.

EXAMPLE

Prepared according to this invention, a fuel composition with the following composition (% mass):

fuel T-10 99-99.3%; tert-butyl hydroperoxide 0.7-1%.

As a fuel-air mixture used a stoichiometric mixture of vapors of the prepared fuel composition based on fuel T-10 with air.

The activity of the fuel composition was estimated by the rate of detonation combustion of the fuel-air mixture in a stoichiometric ratio in a semi-closed cylindrical detonation chamber heated to 200 ° C when initiating an aluminum wire exploding from an electric discharge with an initiation energy of 49-50 J.

According to experimental data, the detonation burning rate of the proposed composition of detonation-sensitive fuel for pulsed detonation engines is at least 2000 m / s, which is 1.4 times higher than the detonation burning velocity of pure T-10 fuel under the same conditions.

According to experimental data, with an increase in the content of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the fuel, the burning rate increases to the maximum value that is achieved by dissolving tert-butyl hydroperoxide in fuel T-10 in a ratio of 1 wt%. With a further increase in the concentration of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the fuel T-10, the pro-knock effect increases slightly, but the acidity of the fuel composition also increases, which complicates the operational properties.

This fuel composition is supposed to be used in pulsed detonation engines of aircraft and space rocket technology.

The presented fuel composition solves the problem of creating a detonation-sensitive hydrocarbon fuel for pulsed detonation engines based on synthetic high-density fuel T-10.

Information sources

1. Lerner M.O. "Chemical regulators of the combustion of motor fuels." - M .: "Chemistry", 1979.

2. Sokolik A.S. "Self-ignition, flame and detonation in gases", Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1960.

3. US patent No. 4294586, 10/13/1981

4. US patent No. 4286969, 09/01/1981

5. RF patent No. 2387701, 7.10.2008.

Claims (1)

Fuel for a pulsed detonation engine based on synthetic high-density fuel T-10, characterized in that the fuel is additionally introduced with a detonator - tert-butyl hydroperoxide,%:
fuel T-10 99-99.3% tert-butyl hydroperoxide 0.7-1%.