RU2483427C2 - Method of generating controlled vibrations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: method of generating controlled vibrations is based on controlling the sign of the generated frequency by inverting the controlled input voltage X_o; in an oscillatory LC circuit, special initial conditions are established between initial voltage X_o across the capacitor C*, which is in form of two series-connected capacitors, and initial currents in the inductor L either I01 in mode 1, or I02 in mode 2; by interrupting input of special initial conditions into the circuit, generation of separate damping trains of controlled vibrations is provided.

EFFECT: generation of controlled vibrations without computer equipment units.

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Description

The present invention relates to radio engineering and, in particular, to a technique for generating oscillations of a special shape and can be used in radio measurement technology and radio communications. Zugs (packs of oscillations) are widely used in radio engineering. The trains of damped harmonic oscillations are used, in particular, for tuning radar equipment, in the form of the so-called "ringing contour".

A new type of harmonic oscillations is known - regulated oscillations (RC), which are generated using analog computing equipment nodes (integrators, trigonometric functional converters), the feature of which is the strictly regulated nature of the change in the instantaneous phase of these oscillations in time [2]. The instantaneous phase of the RK either only decreases or only increases, and its temporal slope (frequency) can be controlled over a wide range of negative and positive values, including being equal to zero [3].

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of generating oscillations [2]. The method is as follows.

1. Carry out trigonometric transformation of the range of input voltages into output voltages, simulating one period of the cosine dependence.

2. As a range of input voltages, a sawtooth-decreasing voltage with a sharp jump during the reverse stroke is selected.

3. The sign of the steepness of the phase of the generated oscillations is controlled by inverting the sawtooth voltage.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the generation of the RC without the use of computer nodes using the capabilities of the classic LC circuit, an adequate mathematical model of which is the harmonic oscillator equation [1].

- квадрат частоты собственных колебаний в контуре (1/сек²). Для решения поставленной задачи воспользуемся его общим решением (см. [1]).where X is the voltage across the capacitor G (V), 2h = r / L is the attenuation coefficient of the circuit (1 / s), r is the resistance of the inductor (Ohm),

- squared frequency of natural oscillations in the circuit (1 / sec ² ). To solve the problem we use its general solution (see [1]).

в сочетании с признаком колебательности, т.е. с мнимой единицей

имеет место математически четкая регламентация осциллирующих слагаемых по знаку частоты f этих колебаний, которая незначительно отличается от fo, т.к. h<<fo (см. [1]). В первом слагаемом мгновенная фаза ft со временем возрастает, т.е. частота положительная, а во втором - мгновенная фаза -ft с течением времени убывает, т.е. частота отрицательная. В связи с этим общепринятый переход к тригонометрическим функциям для решения поставленной задачи нецелесообразен, т.к. при этом теряется информация о знаке частоты, а для ее решения из (2) при t=0 получим два алгебраических уравненияIt consists of two factors: exponentially decaying and undamping oscillating. In the oscillating factor, which is the sum of two oscillatory undamped processes over time t with constant amplitudes A and B in volts, determined by the specific initial conditions at t = 0, i.e., X (0) = Xo,

in combination with a sign of oscillation, i.e. with imaginary unit

There is a mathematically clear regulation of the oscillating terms with respect to the sign of the frequency f of these oscillations, which differs slightly from fo, because h << fo (see [1]). In the first term, the instantaneous phase ft increases with time, i.e. the frequency is positive, and in the second, the instantaneous phase -ft decreases over time, i.e. the frequency is negative. In this regard, the generally accepted transition to trigonometric functions to solve the problem is impractical, because in this case, information about the sign of the frequency is lost, and for its solution from (2) for t = 0 we obtain two algebraic equations

.whence we find the conditions for choosing the constants A and B through Xo and

.

Thus, for the generation of the RC only with a positive frequency (RC-plus), the constant B = 0 should be selected due to the fulfillment, according to (5), of a special connection between the initial conditions

Then it follows from (4) that A = Xo. Similarly, for RK-minus, it is necessary to ensure the choice of the constant A = 0 due to the fulfillment according to (4) of another special relationship between the initial conditions

Then it follows from (5) that B = Xo.

The proposed method is as follows.

Since the common coincidence with the prototype is the method of controlling the sign of the frequency of generated RK, this technique is put in the first position.

1. Control the sign of the frequency of the RK by inverting the sign of the 1st voltage source Ho in the modes of RK + and RK-.

Special initial conditions (ONU) are prepared by the following techniques.

2. Select the capacitance of the circuit capacitor C * in the form of series-connected capacitors C1 = C and C2 = 2C, where C is the capacitance of the circuit capacitor with one capacitor.

3. Select the 2nd source with voltage X * = (2/9) Ho, and the 3rd source - Ho, where Ho is the 1st source.

4. The direct currents Io1 = -Xo / (RT + r + R +) in the PK + mode and Io2 = Xo / (RT + r + R-) in the PK- mode, where R + and R- are passed in the inductance L through the resistor RT; variable resistors for implementing special connections (6), (7).

по формуле

скачком тока в L в режиме РК+I+=Xo/(Rт+r+R+), а в режиме РК - скачком I-=-Xo/(Rт+r+R-).5. Equivalently replace the initial condition

according to the formula

by a jump in current in L in the PK mode + I + = Xo / (Rt + r + R +), and in the PK mode - by a jump I - = - Xo / (Rt + r + R-).

6. Implement (6) resistor R + according to the formula

7. Implement (7) the resistor R- according to the formula

In the initial position (IP) in both modes, through two pairs of normally closed contacts of the chopper, the prepared ONUs are introduced into the circuit in the following way.

8. Pass currents Io1, Io2 through 1 pair of contacts.

9. The capacitors C1 and C2 are charged through the resistor Rz and 2 pairs from X *.

At the start command (P) synchronously in both modes, the following operations are provided.

10. The initial condition X (0) = Xo is applied to the capacitor C *.

в виде толчков тока I+, I-.11. Serve the initial condition

in the form of current shocks I +, I-.

12. Remove from the capacitor C * a single train of fading RK

13. Repeat the train switching IP-P chopper.

A comparative analysis of the claimed method with the prototype shows that the proposed method differs in all signs, except the first. This significant difference is explained by the strange formulation and successful solution of the problem of searching for the RC in conventional radio engineering, in particular, in the classical oscillatory circuit, since the latest patents on the RC are obtained on elements and nodes of analog computer technology that are radically different from elements of the oscillatory circuit. Therefore, in the present invention there is not just "novelty", but "extraordinary novelty."

A feature of the proposed method is the mathematical formulation and solution of the problem of finding the RK. It was the mathematics of the equation of the harmonic oscillator that opened the way to solving the problem, and it prevented the impasse in its solution by showing the inexpediency of the transition to trigonometric functions.

применяется для создания импульсных толчков при автоподстройке амплитуды.An analysis of many technical solutions to identify similar properties in them did not reveal such solutions. Very distant in mode [4]

It is used to create impulse shocks during amplitude auto-tuning.

The above analysis allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Figure 1 is an example implementation of the proposed method. The device consists of an oscillatory circuit 1, a trigger dual toggle switch 2 and a single toggle switch 3 to select the generation modes of RK + and RK- (reception 1). Symmetrical + -E voltage sources ensure the operation of the device. Potentiometers 4, 5 form from the source E the voltage X * of the 2nd source and Ho of the 1st source. The voltage of the 3rd source -Xo is removed from the potentiometer 6 engine (reception 3).

и Xo. Реализация этих условий затрудняется невозможностью в типовом контуре и заряжать конденсатор и пропускать ток в индуктивности без разрыва цепи между ними. Введение такого разрыва вносит новые трудности (дребезг и сопротивление контактов и т.п.). Для преодоления этих трудностей вводится последовательная цепочка конденсаторов С1 и С2 в качестве конденсатора контура С*. При выборе С1=С, а С2=2С, где С емкость эквивалентного конденсатора контура с одним конденсатором, на конденсаторе С*=(2/3)С в момент пуска будет начальное напряжение Хо, т.к. по команде пуск конденсаторы С1, С2 переключаются из параллельных при зарядке напряжением Х*=(2/9)Хо в последовательные (прием 2).The most important part of the proposed device are the preparation and introduction of ONU. Their specificity lies in the need for simultaneous (synchronous) introduction of ONU at the time of start-up, which requires special communication conditions (6), (7) between the initial conditions

and Xo. The implementation of these conditions is hampered by the impossibility in a typical circuit to charge the capacitor and pass the current in the inductance without breaking the circuit between them. The introduction of such a gap introduces new difficulties (bounce and contact resistance, etc.). To overcome these difficulties, a sequential chain of capacitors C1 and C2 is introduced as a capacitor of the circuit C *. When choosing C1 = C, and C2 = 2C, where C is the capacitance of the equivalent circuit capacitor with one capacitor, the capacitor C * = (2/3) C at the time of start-up will have an initial voltage Xo, since on the start command, capacitors C1, C2 are switched from parallel when charging with voltage X * = (2/9) Xo to serial (reception 2).

: в индуктивности L пропускают постоянные токиPreparing ONU for

: direct currents inductance L

where R +, R- are variable resistors (reception 4), from which, at start-up, current surges are selected (magnitude 5)

They fulfill the condition (6) by selecting the resistor R + (reception 6), and conditions (7) by selecting the resistor R- (reception 7) (see (8), (9)).

And the last preparatory tricks of ONU, guaranteeing the implementation of (6), (7), are performed in the IP by supplying constant currents Io1, Io2 through the 1st pair of contacts (reception 8) and charging the capacitors through the resistor Rz and the 2nd pair of contacts (reception 9). Thus, methods 2-9 are preparatory, necessary to solve the problem. The solution to the problem is completed by interrupting the supply of ONU (tricks 10, 11) by command P (toggle switch 2) and removing the generated train of the fading RC (trick 12). The repetition of the trains is carried out by switching the IPP P chopper (reception 13).

Thus, the technical implementation of the proposed method is simple, because it does not require active elements such as transistors. In this, it has an advantage compared to [2, 3] and therefore there is the prospect of its application on the microwave to frequencies in the region of 1 GHz.

List of sources used

1. Andronov A.A., Witt A.A., Khaikin S.E. Theory of oscillations / ed. N.A.Zheleztsova, Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1958

2. RF patent No. 2111144. The method of generating oscillations / Auth. fig. Prokofiev E.B., G06G 7/26, HB06 1/00, publ. BI 15, 1999

3. RF patent No. 2294053. Sawtooth Generator // Auth. fig. Prokofiev E.V., Tyurin A.V., Kolesnikov S.N., Osenchugov A.N., H03K 4/50, publ. BI 5, 2007

4. AU USSR No. 959049. The method of formation of amplitude-stabilized oscillations in a closed oscillatory system / Auth. fig. Alekseev A.S., Prokofiev E.V. G05F 1/00, G06F 7/26, publ. BI 34, 1982

Claims (1)

A method of generating regulated oscillations, based on controlling the sign of the frequency of the generated oscillations by inverting the sign of the voltage of the input source Ho of the first input source by switching modes 1 and 2, characterized in that they select the capacitor C * in the oscillating LC circuit in series with capacitors C1 = C and C2 = 2C, where C is the capacitance of the equivalent circuit capacitor with one capacitor, choose an adjustable voltage source X * as the second input source, in the initial polo In particular, they introduce special initial conditions (ON) by setting the voltage X * at the node of capacitors C1, C2 through resistor R ₃ and passing in the inductance L through resistor R _{t the} initial currents of positive l01 and negative l02, the value of which is selected by resistors R + in the mode 1 and R- in mode 2 according to the special relationships between the initial conditions X (0) = Xo and

at the start (P) command, they interrupt ONU supply to the circuit, remove from the capacitor C * a single train of damped regulated oscillations (RC),

in mode 1 or

in mode 2,
repeat the train by switching IP P chopper, where h, f and r are the parameters of the circuit.