RU2481982C2 - Vehicle wc effluents cleaning complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sanitary equipment and may be used in railway cars. Proposed complex has w.c. effluents intake tank 3, cleaned water tank 4 and effluents treatment unit 5, all being arranged in one casing 1. Unit 5 comprises devices for effluents denitrification in aerobic medium, effluents nitrification at increased content of oxygen and microfiltration by means of ceramic filters. Intake tank 3 and tank 4 incorporate level pickups 13, 14. Complex is equipped with computer-aided control unit arranged at vehicle and connected with effluents treatment unit and intake tank pumps, intake tank and cleaned water level pickups 1, 14, and vales fitted at tubes communicating intake tank 3 and tank 4 with effluents treatment unit 5.

EFFECT: higher quality of treatment, hence, better ecology.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sanitary-hygienic equipment in transport, in particular to toilet systems, and can be used in railway transport, for example, in railway passenger cars.

State of the art

From the description of the invention to patent RU 2057085, cl. C02F 3/02, publ. 03/27/96 [1] known complex toilet water treatment, including a receiving tank for toilet water, means for their biochemical treatment and filtering products resulting from such treatment. Despite the desire of the authors of the device [1] to ensure its compactness, the size of the proposed structure, especially due to the presence of a two-tier sedimentation tank, does not allow the use of this technical solution in passenger railway cars.

From the description of the invention to patent RU 2220915, cl. C02F 3/00, 3/02, publ. July 27, 2003 [2] a complex of toilet waste treatment is known, including a receiving tank for toilet waste, means for their biochemical treatment and filtration of products resulting from such treatment. The inclusion in the structure of the structure [2] of the aeration unit, made in the form of a beam of diverging aeration columns, increases its dimensions, which does not allow the use of this technical solution in the conditions of passenger rail transport.

From the description of the invention to US patent US 7005077, cl. C02F 1/00, publ. 02/18/2006 [3] a toilet water treatment complex is known, including sewage supply pipelines, a receiving tank for toilet water, and a waste treatment unit containing devices for separating the solid fraction from the liquid and compacting the obtained solid fraction. When using a technical solution [3], the liquid fraction, due to its contamination, cannot be released into the environment and cannot be used to wash toilet bowls.

From the description of the invention to US patent US 6361695, cl. C02F 3/20, publ. 03/26/2002 [4] a toilet water treatment complex is known, including sewage supply pipelines, a receiving tank for toilet water, a tank for purified water and a sewage treatment unit located between these tanks, containing biochemical treatment devices for sewage and transfer pumps. The implementation of the invention [4] due to the complexity of the equipment cannot provide high reliability during operation, which may necessitate emergency discharges of wastewater without purification into the environment.

From the description of the invention to US patent US 7108782, cl. C02F 1/32, publ. September 19, 2006 [5] a complex of toilet water treatment is known, including sewage supply pipelines, a receiving tank for toilet water, a tank for purified water and a sewage treatment unit located between these tanks, containing biochemical treatment of sewage, transferring pumps and installed in a vehicle, an automated control unit. The technical solution [5] is characterized by the same drawback as the invention [4]. Of particular doubt is the reliability of its filtering devices.

In transport conditions, up to the present time, it is allowed to discharge sewage directly onto the railway bed, which negatively affects the ecology of the environment. In developing this invention, the authors sought to keep within the rigid dimensions of a railway carriage. It was decided to adapt the toilet water treatment complex to its placement in the car space. For this, all technological elements, including tanks and pumping facilities, were placed in a common metal case equipped with brackets for attaching to the car frame, means for controlling the cleaning process, and means of personnel information about filling the tanks.

The technical result of the invention is the improvement of environmental ecology in the territory along the railway track.

The indicated technical result is achieved in the vehicle toilet wastewater treatment complex, which includes a rectangular parallelepiped in the form of a box and equipped with brackets for attaching to the vehicle, in which there is a receiving tank for toilet wastewater, a tank for purified water and a processing unit located between these tanks effluents containing effluent denitrification devices equipped with pumping pumps in an aerobic environment, effluent nitrification in conditions of increased oxygen and microfiltration of effluents using ceramic filters, a transfer pump is installed in the receiving tank, which has nozzles for connection to the sewage supply pipelines, and a pumping pipe with shut-off and filtering devices, the tank for purified water has a drain valve, while the receiving tank and tank for purified water are equipped with level sensors associated with panels placed outside on the walls of these tanks and designed to display the readings of level sensors, moreover, on pipes connecting the receiving tank and As treated water with a wastewater treatment unit, valves are installed, there are hatches with covers in the side walls of the casing for access to the equipment of the receiving tank and the wastewater treatment unit, as well as for routine maintenance and repair work, the complex includes a vehicle automated control unit, which is connected with the transfer pumps of the waste treatment unit devices, with the transfer pump of the receiving tank, the level sensors of the receiving tank and the cleaned tank ode, and with valves mounted on pipes connecting the tank and the receiving tank for the purified water effluent processing unit.

The following particular cases of the invention. The automated control unit is located in the premises of the vehicle maintenance personnel.

The automated control unit is additionally equipped with indicators associated with liquid level sensors in the receiving tank and the tank for purified water.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1. Type of wastewater treatment complex in a perspective view.

Figure 2. Scheme of wastewater treatment complex.

In the drawings, the following designations of nodes and parts are used:

1. Case.

2. Brackets for attaching the housing to the vehicle.

3. Reception tank for toilet drains.

4. Tank for purified water.

5. Sewage treatment unit.

6. Transfer pump for the intake tank.

7. Pipes for fastening pipes supplying toilet drains.

8. The exhaust pipe of the receiving tank.

9. Shut-off device for the exhaust pipe.

10. The filtering device of a pumping pipe.

11. Technological hatch.

12. The drain valve of the tank for purified water.

13. Sensors for toilet runoff in the receiving tank.

14. Water level sensors in the tank for purified water.

15. A panel of indications of sensors of level of drains in a receiving tank.

16. The panel of readings of water level sensors in the tank for purified water.

17. Hatches in the side wall of the housing to perform routine maintenance and repair of equipment of the toilet waste processing unit.

As shown in figure 1, one of the main elements of the toilet toilet sewage treatment complex of the vehicle is a housing 1 made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and equipped with brackets 2 for attachment to the vehicle. As can be seen from figure 2, in the housing 1 there is a receiving tank 3, designed for toilet wastewater, a tank 4 for purified water and located between these tanks connected to the pipelines unit 5 wastewater treatment. The wastewater treatment unit 5 includes a device for denitrification of wastewater in an aerobic environment, a device for nitrification of wastewater under conditions of high oxygen content, and a device for microfiltration of wastewater using ceramic filters. The listed devices, which are part of the wastewater treatment unit 5, are equipped with pumping pumps for transporting the processed products along the entire technological treatment route. Inside the receiving tank 3, a transfer pump 6 is installed with the pipes 7 connected to it, which are designed for fastening pipes supplying toilet drains to the receiving tank 3. In addition, inside the receiving tank 3 is installed a pump pipe 8 with a locking device 9 and a filtering device 10, which can be made in the form of a metal grill. In one of the side walls of the receiving tank 3 there is a technological hatch 11, closed by a lid. The tank 4 for purified water is equipped with a drain valve 12. Sensors 13 for determining the level of toilet drains are mounted on the side wall of the receiving tank 3, which are connected to a panel 15 located on the outside of the tank wall, which displays the readings of sensors 13. They are mounted in the side wall of the tank 4 for purified water sensors 14 of the purified water level associated with a panel 16 installed externally on the wall of this tank, on which the readings of the sensors 14 are displayed. In the side wall of the housing 1 there are hatches 17 closed by covers, allowing for execution eniya operation and maintenance of toilet waste recycling unit equipment.

The structure of the proposed complex includes an automated control unit installed in the vehicle (not shown in the drawings), which is connected with the transfer pumps of the waste treatment unit and the transfer pump 6 of the receiving tank 3, sensors 13 of the level of the receiving tank and sensors 14 of the water level in the tank 4 for purified water, as well as with valves installed on the pipes connecting the receiving tank 3 and the tank 4 for purified water with a block 5 for wastewater treatment. The automatic control unit can be located in the room of the vehicle’s attendants and is additionally equipped with indicators associated with liquid level sensors in the receiving tank and the purified water tank. In addition, the tank 4 for purified water can be equipped with a nozzle with a valve, which is designed to connect this tank with a system of washing the toilet in the toilets of the vehicle.

The complex of toilet toilet treatment of the vehicle operates as follows.

During the operation of the vehicle, toilet effluents are periodically pumped by the pump 6 from the vehicle’s bathrooms to the receiving tank 3, from where they are supplied to the sewage treatment unit 5 as necessary. Wastes are processed first in an aerobic environment in a denitrification device, then the obtained liquid under conditions of high oxygen content is processed in a nitrification device and the water thus obtained is subjected to microfiltration using ceramic filters. Water obtained using the above-described technology for processing toilet waste water enters the tank 4 for purified water, from where it can be transferred to the bathrooms of the vehicle for the purpose of washing toilets. In the event of a threat of overflow of the tank of purified water, its contents can be removed through a drain valve 12 into the external environment.

The sludge that accumulates at the bottom of the receiving tank 3 is periodically removed by special pumping means through the pump pipe 8. To do this, open the locking device 9 located on the upper end of the pump pipe 8, and connect the pumping device pipe, for example, the pipe of the sewage truck, to this end. Small solid objects accidentally falling into the receiving tank (for example, plastic bags or cardboard boxes), detained by the filtering device 10 of the pumping pipe 8, after the pumping operation is completed, can be removed from the tank through the process hatch 11.

Access to the equipment of the toilet effluent treatment unit 5 for the routine maintenance and repair of this equipment, as well as for the disposal of solid waste from the toilet effluent processing, is carried out through hatches 17 located in the side wall of the complex housing 1.

Using the proposed complex on a vehicle makes it possible to use purified water in the sanitary-hygienic devices of the vehicle, as well as drain purified water into the environment without violating environmental indicators. The use of the invention in transport will provide an improvement in the environmental situation on the territory of the railroad tracks.

Claims (3)

1. A vehicle toilet wastewater treatment complex, comprising a rectangular parallelepiped and equipped with brackets for attaching to the vehicle, a housing in which there is a receiving tank for toilet wastewater, a purified water tank and a wastewater treatment unit located between these tanks equipped with pumping pumps devices for denitrification of effluents in an aerobic environment, nitrification of effluents in conditions of high oxygen content and microfiltration of effluents with using ceramic filters, a transfer pump is installed in the receiving tank, which has nozzles for connection to the sewage supply pipelines, and a pumping pipe with shut-off and filtering devices, the treated water tank has a drain valve, while the receiving tank and the purified water tank are equipped with level sensors, associated with panels placed outside on the walls of these tanks and designed to display the readings of level sensors, moreover, on pipes connecting the receiving tank and the treated water tank to the waste water treatment unit, valves are installed, in the side walls of the case there are hatches with covers for access to the equipment of the receiving tank and the waste treatment unit, as well as for routine maintenance and repair work, the complex includes an automated control unit installed in the vehicle, which is associated with pumping units pumps of the sewage treatment unit, with a transfer pump for the receiving tank, level sensors for the receiving tank and tank for purified water, as well as with valves installed on pipes connecting the receiving tank and the tank for purified water to the sewage treatment unit. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the automated control unit is located in the premises of the vehicle’s attendants. 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the automated control unit is additionally equipped with indicators associated with liquid level sensors in the receiving tank and the purified water tank.

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