RU2481772C2 - Fish wastes protein concentrate production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food and processing industry and may be used to manufacture products enriched with protein. Secondary wastes of fish-processing enterprises are milled, homogenised, extracted in an alkaline environment at pH 9.0-11.0 and centrifuged. One performs isoelectric sedimentation, repeated centrifugation and drying to produce a protein concentrate.

EFFECT: invention allows to improve the technological process allowing to maximally separate the protein component, extend the choice of products used (from fishes of low-value for food industry to wastes), manufacture a protein product of animal origin with increased content of protein (in an amount of 70 - 90%) and reduced content of fat (in an amount of less than 2%) capable to substitute vegetal soya products in food products formulae; additionally, the invention allows to create a low-waste production.

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Description

The invention relates to food and processing industries and can be used to obtain protein-enriched general-purpose products.

A known method for the production of feed additives from raw materials of marine origin (Patent RU 2086145 C1), the essence of which is as follows: processed crushed raw materials (waste from cutting a trumpeter, mussel, scallop, sea urchins and reservoir fouling) with 2-12% hydrochloric acid solution the ratio of raw materials: acid solution 1: 1-1: 3 until the pH reaches 5.0-5.2, after which the precipitate is separated, washed with water, dried at a temperature of 40-60 ° C to a moisture content of 10% and crushed to obtain protein mineral product.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of a degreasing stage, which may complicate the storage of the resulting product due to the rapid oxidation of the lipid fraction present in sufficient quantities in the feedstock.

A known method of producing fish feed meal from low-value fish raw materials (Patent RU 2197836 C2), which includes grinding the raw material, processing it with acetic or citric acid at a concentration of 0.1-5.0%, cooking the raw material in two stages at a temperature of 60-95 ° C . Then the mass is centrifuged and the resulting precipitate is dried. The resulting feed meal is characterized by a high protein content and reduced fat.

The disadvantages of the method are the high energy consumption in the presence of a two-stage cooking of raw materials, the possibility of partial denaturation of valuable proteins at elevated temperatures (60-95 ° C), as well as insufficient degreasing (residual lipid content of 6% or more), which can significantly reduce the useful life of the product.

A known method of producing dry feed for farm animals from raw materials of the meat and fish industry (Patent RU 2161891 C1). Waste without preliminary sorting is crushed to a particle size of 2-3 mm, heat treatment is carried out at a steam pressure of 0.4-0.5 MPa and the temperature of the steam sent to the feed, not more than 130 ° C, centrifuged, the precipitate is dried at a temperature of 120 ° C 40-45 minutes

The disadvantage of the invention is the probability of protein denaturation during prolonged high-temperature processing, which can lead to a decrease in the nutritional value of the finished product and the loss of functional properties.

A known method of producing food protein products from aquatic organisms and waste products (Patent RU 2331202 C1), which includes the hydrolysis of raw materials with the enzyme preparation Protamex with an activity of 400 PE / g in an amount of 0.1-0.2% by weight of crushed raw materials for 2- 3 hours at a temperature of 35-50 ° C, and then the enzyme is inactivated by maintaining the hydrolyzate at a temperature of 80-90 ° C. To obtain a protein concentrate after hydrolysis, the protein product is concentrated.

The disadvantages of the method are the increase in material costs in connection with the use of an industrial enzyme preparation, the likelihood of denaturation of protein products at the stage of inactivation.

The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is a method for producing a protein-rich composition from animal muscle tissue and a protein-rich composition (Patent RU 2252601 C2). The muscle tissue of fish, little used in the food industry, or poultry products are mixed with an aqueous acid solution with a pH below 3.5 to obtain a protein-enriched solution, which was separated by centrifugation. Protein was isolated by adjusting the pH of the supernatant to 5.0-5.5 and centrifuging again.

The disadvantages of the method are the possible partial (or complete) destruction of tryptophan, the decomposition of serine and threonine, as well as the oxidation of cysteine due to protein extraction by acids in the region of very low pH values, as well as the inability to use unsorted waste from fish processing enterprises as the main raw material.

The objective of the claimed invention is to obtain a highly concentrated protein preparation of animal origin from unsorted waste from fish processing enterprises by creating low-waste technology that provides a high yield of the finished product.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the improvement of the technological process, which allows to isolate the protein component from the wastes of the fishing industry, expanding the choice of the raw materials used (from fish species of low value for the food industry to waste), obtaining a protein preparation of animal origin with a high protein content (70-90% according to a.s.v.) and reduced fat (less than 2%), which can replace vegetable soy products in food product formulations, creating a low-waste protein production technology Vågå preparation based on recycled raw fish.

The technical result is achieved through the use of alkaline protein extraction. In the case of using waste products from the fishing industry as a feedstock, alkaline extraction makes it possible to transfer up to 70-75% of protein into a solution, while acid extraction - 30-40%.

The secondary raw materials of fish processing enterprises are crushed to a homogeneous homogeneous mass having the consistency of minced fish. All manipulations are carried out with incompletely thawed raw materials to reduce the number of defrostations of the latter and, as a result, reduce microbial contamination and spoilage. The homogenized mass is treated with an alkali solution with a pH value of 9.0-11.0 and a hydraulic module equal to 9. The resulting suspension is fractionated in a centrifugal force field for 15-30 minutes at 7000-9000 rpm. As a result of centrifugation, three layers are obtained: the lower one is a precipitate, the middle one is a supernatant containing dissolved proteins, and the upper one is a fat emulsion film. The lipid fraction is separated by decantation, and the target product is the supernatant by filtration. The waste generated at this stage can also be used, namely, the precipitate, after drying, can serve as a feed additive, and the lipid fraction containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. From the obtained target solution, the protein is regenerated by isoelectric precipitation at a pH of 4.8-5.2. Suspension separation is carried out by centrifugal method for 15-30 minutes at 7000-9000 rpm. Protein sediment is dried by convective method with a temperature of the coolant-air not higher than 60 ° C. The resulting product is further crushed to a degree of dispersion of less than 0.5 mm.

The finished product is a fine powder from light yellow to light brown in color, with a pleasant smell characteristic of fish protein. The residual moisture of the protein concentrate is not more than 8%, and the protein yield is not less than 70-75%. The finished product can be widely used in both food and processing industries.

Examples of carrying out the invention.

Example 1

The waste of a fish processing enterprise (trout head) having the following biochemical composition, content in%: moisture - 61.98, protein (crude protein) - 15.40, lipids - 16.20, ash - 6.12, - crushed to a homogeneous mass , treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide to achieve a pH of 10.8 in a ratio of 1: 9, mix thoroughly and carry out separation by centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes The resulting supernatant, separated by filtration, is treated with a solution of hydrochloric acid until a pH of 5.1 is reached and separation is again carried out in a centrifugal force field for 20 minutes at 8000 rpm. The precipitate after centrifugation is separated and dried by convective method at a temperature of the coolant-air 60 ° C to a residual moisture content of 8%. The protein yield is 73.3%.

Example 2

Fish waste (skins and cod ridges) having the following biochemical composition, content in%: moisture - 76.58, protein (crude protein) - 19.10, lipids - 1.00, ash - 3.03, - crushed to a homogeneous mass, treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide to achieve a pH of 11.0 in a ratio of 1: 9, mix thoroughly and carry out separation by centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes The resulting supernatant, separated by filtration, is treated with a solution of hydrochloric acid until a pH of 5.2 is reached and separation is again carried out in a centrifugal force field for 15 minutes at 8000 rpm. The precipitate after centrifugation is separated and dried by convective method at a temperature of the coolant-air 60 ° C to a residual moisture content of 8%. The protein content (crude protein) in the finished product is 83.5%, lipids - 1.2%. The protein yield is more than 72%.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a protein concentrate from fish waste, including grinding and homogenization of raw materials, protein extraction, centrifugation, isoelectric precipitation, re-centrifugation and drying to obtain a protein concentrate, characterized in that secondary waste from fish processing enterprises is used as a feedstock, and protein extraction is carried out in alkaline region at pH 9.0-11.0.