RU2481454C2 - Method for passing solid rocks at wells and tunnels drilling by rock melting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: process of rock melting is done by heading set of equipment that melts the rock, separates the central core of the rock and removes it from well and tunnel. Heading set of equipment consists of a group of mechanisms made in a form of three supporting sections interconnected by movement mechanisms, one melting section that melts the rock by gas burners and drain cylinder, where melted rock flows. Gas burners are regularly engaged filling the cavity with burning gas that melts the rock in annular zone till liquid condition at specified depth. Then the burners are disengaged, compressed air or other compound is supplied in turns into movement mechanisms of each supporting section, heading set of equipment is moved forward from one position to the other with simultaneous squeezing of melted rock out through the discharge pipe into drain cylinder and exhaust gas is released by gas discharge tubes.

EFFECT: efficiency increase.

2 cl, 11 dwg

Description

1. The method of penetration of hard rocks is based on the method of sequential smelting along the contour of a well or tunnel in the central part of the rock mass without its destruction.

The invention relates to the field of drilling wells and tunnels in solid rocks.

The aim of the invention is to increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of work when driving deep wells of large diameter or tunnels in rocks of any hardness.

The process of smelting the rock is carried out by a tunneling complex, melting the rock, separating the central core of the rock with its subsequent removal from the well or tunnel. The tunneling complex, made of heat-resistant materials, consists of a number of mechanisms made in the form of three support sections interconnected by movement mechanisms, one melting section, which melts the rock with gas burners, and a drain cylinder, where the rock melt is moved. Gas burners are periodically put into operation, filling the cavity with burning gas, which melts the rock in the annular zone to a liquid state to a predetermined depth.

Then the burners are turned off. By supplying alternately compressed air or another composition to the movement mechanisms of each supporting section, the sinking complex is moved forward from one position to another, squeezing the molten rock through the bypass pipes into the drain cylinder, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipes.

2. The invention according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnel complex is used for driving wells or tunnels in the ice thickness by melting the central ice rod along the contour, separating it from the array with continuous pumping of melt water from the melting zone through openings K in half rings 1 and pumping it through the outlet pipes of the melt 7 into the drain cylinder, freezing it together with the anchor 20 on the central rod (Fig. 10, 9). Melt water is frozen by blowing it with supercooled air or some other gas of melt water in willow cylinder.

3. The process of driving wells or tunnels is carried out by a tunneling complex, consisting of separate sections, melting the rock, separating the central core of the rock with its subsequent removal from the well or tunnel, and is accompanied by a step-by-step movement of the tunneling complex inside the well or tunnel.

The invention relates to the field of drilling of wells and tunnels in hard rocks and can be used when driving deep wells in rocks of any hardness and during the construction of tunnels in rocks or in the thickness of ice.

The aim of the invention is to increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of work when driving deep wells of large diameter or tunnels in rocks of any hardness.

Known methods for driving wells or tunnels in solid rocks are based on the destruction of the rock in different ways. The most common drilling, blasting. All these methods are associated with very large material costs, time, difficult and dangerous working conditions and require special complex equipment. The proposed method for penetrating hard rocks is based on the method of sequential smelting along the contour of a well or tunnel in the central part of the rock mass using one of the methods - electrothermal, gas or plasma - without destroying it. This invention contemplates a method for smelting a rock with gas burners.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the well and sinking complex (hereinafter - Pr.k.) in the initial position.

The method of penetration of hard rocks is as follows.

In starting position all sections are connected to each other: support mechanisms are unclenched and fix in a fixed position inside the inlet of a well or tunnel. The whole stage of promotion one step consists of separate operations.

Each stage begins with the melting of the rock layer in a ring around the core of the rock. Pr. melts the rock with gas burners 5 I of the melting section in the front zone of the well (Fig.2, 5), in a narrow gap between the inner contour of the well (tunnel) and the outer contour of the central core of the rock, and the exhaust gas exits through the exhaust pipes 11.

At the end of the melting of the rock layer, the gas burners are turned off, and the exhaust pipes are closed with valves 12. Then, using the II, III, and IV sections as a support, the movement mechanisms 9 of the II section move the I passage section and the drain cylinder forward, and the molten rock is extruded into the outlet pipes of the melt 7 , which moves along the melt branch pipes into the drain cylinder, where it fills its cavity and fills the upper part of the central rock core and the anchor 20 to which the cable 21 is fixed. In the drain cylinder, the liquid rock solidifies and forms together with the central core.

II, III and IV sections, working as supporting elements, alternately shifting and moving apart, move the entire complex in step-wise movements forward. In the process of work supporting sections with their sliding mechanisms 10 sequentially press the supporting sections to the surface of the well (tunnel).

After passing the specified depth of the well proceeds to the next stage - separation of the central rod from the rock mass. When supplying combustible gases, the operation of the burners 5 resumes, simultaneously discharging the exhaust gas from the cavity D through the exhaust pipes 11. Under the action of the turning mechanisms 4, the half rings 1, turning around the axes towards each other, are shifted by a certain angle, squeezing the melt from the cavity D through the outlet pipes of the melt 7 into the drain cylinder. Such movements are repeated until the half rings 1 are closed.

After completion of separation of the rock core from the monolith, the last stage of the well sinking process is the removal of the separated core from the well. Removing the rod can occur in two ways.

1st method

Removing the separated rod is carried out by lifting it from the well with a cable 21 to the anchor 20, filled with hardened rock at the end of the block.

2nd method

Removing the separated rod is carried out by pushing it with compressed exhaust gases. For this, the outlet pipes of the melt 7 and the outlet gas outlet pipes 11 overlap and include gas burners 5 of the I section. The combustion products are compressed in the cavity D and push the separated rod up the well, where it is removed on the surface, while a small lateral gap between the walls of the well and the surface of the rod prevents the breakthrough of gases from the front cavity D to the outside, and the large transverse area of the rod allows for low gas pressure move the rod of large mass.

Form Pr. in cross section may be different: round, rectangular, square or any other. The lost shape of the central core of the rock is also obtained. Figure 5 presents the cross section of the well and the support section Pr.

A possible shape of the rods is shown in Fig.11.

Next, the process of smelting the next rod, its separation and removal from the well is repeated. So in stages is the smelting of the rock from the entire well. Well drilling in the present invention allows to obtain a well in solid rocks of various diameters and large depths in the most economical way.

Figure 2 shows the main components of Pr.

Pr.k., consists of 4 sections and a drain cylinder mounted on the cooling ring of the I section.

I melting section (figure 3) consists of 2 identical, symmetrically located half rings 1, each of which rotates towards each other on axes 2, mounted on the cooling ring 3, and rotation mechanisms 4. On the end surfaces of the half rings 1 around the entire perimeter gas burners 5 are located, view A (FIG. 4), operating on combustible gases supplied to them through pipes 6 (FIG. 2). The rotation mechanisms 4 provide simultaneous rotation of the half rings towards each other. The purpose of the cooling ring is to cool the inner surface of the well or tunnel and the outer surface of the smelted rod in the rock melting zone to a solid state. Between the axes of the half rings are located the outlet pipes of the melt 7, the ends of which are inserted into the movable inlet pipes 8 (Fig.2, 6, 7).

II, III and IV sections are basic, between them the mechanisms of movement 9 are fixed (Fig. 2). The rings of the II, III and IV sections have a number of sliding mechanisms 10 along the outer and inner perimeters (FIGS. 2 and 5). From the I melting section through the II, III and IV sections to the drain cylinder pass the exhaust pipes 11 with valves 12. (Fig.2 and 3).

On Fig presents a section of the sliding mechanism.

The rings of the supporting sections where the sliding mechanisms are located are made of hollow pipes interconnected by the sliding pipes 13 (FIG. 2), through which compressed air flows to the sliding mechanisms. The sliding mechanism has an inner cylinder 14 and an outer 15 with a support shoe 16. The bellows 17 are located inside the cylinders. The inner cavity of the cylinders is connected to the inner cavity of the rings having bypass valves 18 and 19. With the valve 18 open and the valve 19 closed, compressed air flows from the valve 18 into the inner cavity of the bellows 17, which, unclenching, move the outer cylinders 15 with the shoe 16 fixed on them until it stops against the inner surface of the well.

With the valve 19 open and valve 18 closed, the bellows together with the outer cylinders 15 return to their original position and release the support section. Inside the drain cylinder, into the cavity of which the molten rock is moved, an anchor 20 with a cable 21 is placed, and with their help, the cut rock core is lifted from the well or removed from the tunnel (Figs. 1 and 2).

Driving complex works as follows.

Pr. melts the rock with gas burners 5 I of the melting section (Fig. 3) in the front zone of the well D (Fig. 1), in a narrow gap between the inner contour of the well (tunnel) and the outer contour of the rock core, and the exhaust gas exits through the exhaust pipes 11.

The next operation is extrusion of the melt.

Using the II, III and IV sections as a support, the movement mechanisms 9 of the II section move the I melting section and the drain cylinder forward, squeeze molten rock into the outlet pipes of the melt 7, which moves along them into the drain cylinder, where it fills its cavity and fills the upper part of the central core of the rock and the anchor 20, to which the cable 21 is fixed.

Discharge of liquid rock into a drain cylinder

The gas outlet pipes 11 are closed by valves 12, and compressed air is supplied from the cooling ring to the outlet pipes of the melt 7.

6 and 7 show the principle of the movement of the melt along the outlet pipes of the melt 7.

When compressed air is supplied through the channel E, the inlet pipe 8 is displaced along the outlet pipe of the melt 7 until it stops in the rock. Next, compressed air lowers the melt, which is below the level of the hole Ж down, and the melt, which is higher than the level of the hole Ж, rises up along the outlet pipe of the melt 7 into the drain cylinder, Fig.6.

When applying compressed air through the holes AND the inlet pipe rises up to its original position, ready to be filled with the next portion of the melt, Fig.7.

Moving

II, III, IV support sections are sequentially moved by one step forward mechanisms, bringing them closer to the melting section and bringing Pr. to the starting position before the next movement. Throughout the work process a cooling ring cools the surface of the well after melting and extruding the rock, which makes it possible to have a dense base for the shoes of the supporting mechanisms. After each section is moved to a new position, the supporting mechanisms of these sections are unclenched and each section is fixed inside the well.

II, III, IV support sections move along the gas exhaust pipes 11 and the melt pipes 7, using them as guiding structural elements. The central core of the rock moves inside the drain cylinder in the opposite direction (in the direction of travel), and the melt accumulates in the upper part of the core, being one with it.

In the upper part, the melt fills the expanded part of the drain cylinder and forms a central rod in this part of the cylinder with a small gap from the inner surface of the well in accordance with the dimensions of the drain cylinder. At the same time, the supporting sections are alternately moved forward, sequentially compressing and expanding the sliding mechanisms. Melting the rock layer and sequentially moving sections I, II, III, IV in the direction of movement, Pr. moves one step forward.

Thus, the whole Pr. moves with steps in the tunnel from one position to another.

Utility

In the proposed method for drilling wells or rock during the construction of tunnels, a relatively thin layer of rock is smelted along the contour of the extracted rock volume, without destroying most of the removed rock mass, as with the known methods of drilling, and leaving it whole. Its destruction does not require energy, labor and time. This achieves a high penetration rate and saves the energy needed to completely destroy this rock. The diameter of the wells in the proposed method receive significantly larger sizes and depths. Hardness of the rock practically does not affect the rate of penetration. The sinking process is carried out continuously, simultaneously with the process of removing the rod from the well, it is less dangerous, less harmful and can be fully automated. It differs from the traditional method of drilling in the absence of an expensive tool and a large number of special pipes, a long process of assembly and disassembly, ascent and descent during the drilling of wells.

The rods of rock of various predetermined shapes resulting from tunneling can be used as building material or for other household needs. That is, the process of rock sinking by the proposed method can be practically waste-free, which further reduces the cost of sinking wells and tunnels. In the same way, it is possible to drill holes and tunnels in the thickness of ice.

Claims (2)

1. The method of penetration of solid rocks during the construction of wells and tunnels by the method of rock melting, which consists in sequentially melting a layer of rock or ice along the outer contour of the rod with gas burners from two half rings of the melting section of the tunnel complex, extruding molten rock from the melting zone through the molten outflow pipes by moving this section forward and sequential movement of the support sections under the force of the movement mechanisms in the general direction of penetration when securing the tunnel complex with their sections by moving mechanisms beyond the surface of the well or tunnel, separating the rock core from the array turning around its axes towards each other until they are completely semicircular, removing the separated rock from the well or tunnel in one of the following ways:
a) removal of the separated rock core from the penetration zone with a cable anchored in it, filled with hardened melt, displaced through outflow pipes into a drain cylinder, mounted on the melting section inside the supporting sections of the tunnel complex,
b) by pushing the central rod separated from the rock mass by compressed exhaust gases in the melting zone when the gas burners are turned on and the exhaust pipes are blocked by increasing internal pressure of the exhaust gases pushing the separated central rod out of the well or tunnel. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when driving wells or tunnels in the ice thickness by melting the central ice rod along the contour, it is separated from the array with continuous pumping of melt water from the melting zone through the melt outflow pipes into the drain cylinder, and it is frozen together with the anchor on the rod, separate the central rod and remove it from the well with a rope for the anchor.

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