RU2480292C1 - Two-component fluid separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation of multicomponent fluids in the field of centrifugal and vortex raising forces, and may be used in food industry, microbiology, petroleum industry, etc. Proposed separator comprises casing with feed pipe to accommodate cylindrical rotor fitted vertically on the shaft that has base and cover. First fraction discharge channel and second fraction discharge channel are arranged inside rotor chamber. First fraction discharge channel is made at rotor base. First separation chamber is arranged at casing lower part between rotor base and casing bottom. First fraction pipe with inlet is made along separation chamber axis. Pipe top open part is located inside the rotor and accommodates second fraction pipe with lower channel outlet into rotor chamber. Second fraction pipe top part that doubles as second fraction discharge channel is tightly secured in rotor and casing covers. Note here that first fraction discharge main channel is located in casing cover.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, simplified design.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the separation of multicomponent liquid media in the field of action of centrifugal and vortex lifting forces and can be used in food, microbiological, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and other industries.

A known centrifuge for separating a liquid multiphase medium, including a rotor mounted on a shaft, consisting of a vertically arranged conical continuous shell with a lid facing down with a large base and a cylindrical base connected thereto, a solid fraction removal means, a filtering shell placed inside the rotor along its axis with end disks and a filtrate outlet pipe and a stationary pipe located along the axis of the rotor (SU 1630851 A, B04B 1/10, 02.28.91). The end lower disk of the filter shell is attached to the base of the rotor with the formation of a filtrate removal zone. The filtering shell rotates with a rotor. In the upper part of the conical shell, there is a chamber for the buffer fluid, separated from the rotor cavity by a piston shutter, while radial calibrated holes are made in the side wall of the chamber for the buffer fluid. By feeding and draining the buffer fluid, the volume of the cavity inside the shell changes and the pressure of the medium changes, which creates a reverse flow of the filtrate through the filter shell and ensures the regeneration of its filter surface.

A known centrifuge for separating a multicomponent liquid medium, comprising a housing with nozzles for supplying a suspension and discharging filtrate and sediment, a conical rotor with a bottom and a cover mounted on a vertical shaft and a cylindrical membrane filter located inside it with a disk located at its end and equipped with an electromagnetic device for regeneration of the filter surface (SU 1611449 A1, B04B 1/10, 12/07/90). The disadvantage of this centrifuge is that it provides a separation of the medium into only two fractions (solid and liquid) and self-regeneration of the membrane filter is impossible in it. The presence of an electromagnetic device complicates its design.

A common drawback of these centrifuges is the use only for the separation of solid and multicomponent liquid phases. The holes of the filter shell are clogged with sediment, which requires periodic regeneration of its filter surface to remove it, which reduces the performance of the centrifuge; the quality of the separated liquid phases into fractions is impossible. Centrifuges belong to the class of batch apparatuses and it does not provide the possibility of self-regeneration of the membrane filter.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a device for separating two-component liquid media, comprising a housing with a feed pipe and a cylinder-conical rotor with a base and a cover mounted vertically on the shaft inside of which there is a fixed chamber with a channel of the 1st fraction, located at the base of the rotor, and a channel for withdrawing the 2nd fraction. Inside the rotor are fixedly fixed membrane filters with branch pipes of the filtrate and light fraction (RU 2155102 C1, B04B 1/10, 08.27.2000).

A common drawback of these centrifuges is the use only for the separation of solid and multicomponent liquid phases. When using them, the performance of the centrifuge is significantly reduced. The designs are complex and bulky.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of the centrifuge, the ability to separate a lighter fraction from a liquid inhomogeneous medium, for example, oil from water, simplifying the design.

The problem is solved through the use of a device for separating two-component liquid media, including a housing with a supply pipe, and a cylindrical rotor with a base and a cover mounted vertically on the shaft inside of which there is a chamber with a channel for withdrawing the first fraction located at the base of the rotor, and a channel for the removal of the 2nd fraction, while in the lower part of the housing between the rotor base and the bottom of the housing there is a chamber of the first separation, along the axis of which a pipeline of the 1st fraction with an inlet is made, top the open end of the pipeline is located inside the rotor and contains inside the pipeline of the 2nd fraction with the lower channel of exit to the rotor cavity, the upper part of the pipeline of the 2nd fraction, which is the outlet channel for the 2nd fraction, is hermetically fixed in the rotor caps and housing, while in the lid of the housing is a channel for the removal of the 1st fraction.

The proposed design is illustrated by the longitudinal section diagram shown in Fig.1a. Figure 1b shows the flow patterns.

The device consists of:

1 - the main channel for the removal of the 1st fraction, 2 - the upper part of the pipeline, 3 - the channel for the removal of the 1st fraction, 4 - the inlet of the pipeline, 5 - the supply pipe, 6 - the pipeline, 7 - the pipeline of the 2nd fraction, 8 - tight seal, 9 - housing, 10 - cylindrical rotor, 11 - shaft, 12 - check valve, 13 - output channel for the 2nd fraction, 14 - base, 15 - cover, 16 - chamber, 17 - 2nd channel fractions.

In the proposed design, the liquid, consisting of two components, enters the lower part of the housing 9 through the supply tube 5, passing between the housing 9 and the rotating shaft 11, the fluid acquires a circular motion, which contributes to the initial separation into light and heavy fractions. In this case, the liquid with most of the light fraction approaches the inlet of the pipeline 4, and the liquid with most of the heavy fraction approaches the inner wall of the housing 9.

Getting into the inlet of the pipeline 4, the liquid through the pipeline 6 enters through the upper part of the pipeline 2 into the chamber 16, where the second separation takes place, allowing due to the centrifugal forces of rotation of the liquid itself and the ring rotation "A" to obtain a more thorough separation of the light fraction. The light fraction tends to take a place at the junction of the base 14 and pipeline 6. In Fig. 1b, to the right of the axis, the dashed lines indicate the edges of the separated fraction as it accumulates and, accordingly, the circular rotation displacement “A”. By placing sensors sensitive to light fractions of the liquid on these structural elements, the separation process becomes more efficient and, as a result, less energy intensive. The function of the sensors is to determine the composition and volume of the separated light liquid fraction, which is located near the channel for the removal of the 2nd fraction 17. The obtained information allows you to make or postpone the decision to extract a portion of the 2nd fraction. Sensors, sensors supply conductors are mounted (not shown) in the surface of the pipeline 6 and base 14 in contact with the camera 16, as well as the shaft 11. Sensors, sensors supply conductors do not protrude beyond the geometric dimensions of the structure. There are a number of technical solutions for removing information from sensors located on a moving object. In this patent they are not considered in the same way as the fact of the configuration of the sensor installation. It is obvious that in order to make a decision it is necessary to have reliable information about the separation process.

A part of the liquid that is not involved in the circular rotation “A” exits the chamber 16 through the channel for withdrawing the first fraction 3 into the zone of the first separation stage below the base 14, where it branches into two directions: to the inner wall of the housing 9 and to the inlet of the pipeline 4 The latter creates an additional favorable condition for the involvement of light fractions of the liquid in the circulation process along the circuit: the inlet of the pipeline 4, pipeline 6, the upper part of the pipeline 2, chamber 16, the channel of the withdrawal of the first fraction 3. All the mechanical elements of this the nontours rotate at the same angular velocity, which gives confident sedimentation of the separated fraction.

When creating this design, the main problem was to obtain a compromise between the implementation of a constant flow of fluid with the resulting uneven movement and the creation of a chamber in which all the elements, including the fluid, move at the same angular velocity, which allows more efficient separation of the light fraction from the heavy fraction low cost. Part of the liquid, containing mostly the heavy fraction, is removed under the action of centrifugal forces from the inner surface of the housing 9 through the main channel of the 1st fraction 1. The non-return valve 12 is an obligatory structural element. It can be installed, as shown in Fig. 1, in the outlet channel for the 2nd fraction 13 or on the pipeline of the 2nd fraction 7 and is designed to cut off the pressure depression that occurs when the rotor rotates. Receiving information from the primary sensors installed on the basis of 14 and / or on the pipeline 6, or using previously known information about the concentration of the light fraction in the shared liquid, the nature of its behavior over time, the light fraction is selected through the output channel for the 2nd fraction 13 The selection is made by creating a stronger pressure vacuum than the vacuum created by the rotor. On the pipeline of the 2nd fraction 7, a check valve 12 is installed.

The proposed design provides high performance, reduces the size of the device and reduce its energy and metal consumption. The device improves the purity of the separation of media.

Claims (1)

A device for separating two-component liquid media, comprising a housing with a feeding tube and a cylindrical rotor mounted vertically on the shaft with a base and a cover inside which there is a chamber with a channel for removing the first fraction located at the base of the rotor and a channel for removing the second fraction, characterized in that in the lower part of the housing between the base of the rotor and the bottom of the housing there is a chamber of the first separation, along the axis of which a pipeline of the first fraction with an inlet is made, the upper part of the pipeline is open at the end, it is located inside the rotor and contains inside the pipeline of the second fraction with the lower channel of exit to the rotor cavity, the upper part of the pipeline of the second fraction, which is the output channel for the second fraction, is hermetically fixed in the caps of the rotor and the housing, while the main channel is located in the housing cover to tap the first fraction.

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