RU2478178C1 - Mobile combat laser complex and method of increasing its combat efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed complex comprises caterpillar-tracked fighting machine with combat laser there atop and, at least, one auxiliary machine with bogie landing carriage. Armored compartment of fighting machine accommodate fuel tank. Combat laser is mounted above armored compartment in vertical armored cylinder on rotary platform and comprises liquid propellant rocket engine with turbo pump unit and combustion chamber arranged vertically to exhaust combustion products vertically upward, and, at least, one resonator arranged inclined to combustion chamber axis. Armored cylinder top part is closed by armored cap with hole made at its center to comply in shape in size with nozzle edge. Armored cylinder has holes to accommodate resonator lenses. Auxiliary machine makes, at least, one refueller.

EFFECT: higher survivorship and combat readiness.

10 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of weapons, and in particular to means and methods of long-term defensive operations against attacks by enemy aircraft using one or more guided high-power nuclear-pumped laser beams. Product code for Sky Defender.

Gas-dynamic laser G.L. [1-4] - a gas laser in which a population inversion is created in a system of vibrational energy levels of gas molecules by adiabatic cooling of heated gas masses moving at a supersonic speed. G.L. consists of a heater, a supersonic nozzle (or a set of nozzles forming the so-called nozzle array), an optical resonator and a diffuser. In the heater, a specially selected mixture of gases is thermally excited (as a result of fuel combustion or heating using electric discharges and shock waves). When the gas flows in a supersonic nozzle, the mixture cools rapidly. The population inversion of the energy levels of the working component of the mixture, necessary for exciting the generation, is achieved if: 1) the rate of devastation (relaxation) of the lower level of the laser transition in the process of expansion is higher than the relaxation rate top. level; 2) top empty time. level greater than the characteristic so-called gas-dynamic time (time of gas movement to the resonator). If these conditions are satisfied for determining a pair of energy levels, then due to the strong dependence of the relaxation times on the temperature and density of the gas, starting from a certain moment from the beginning of expansion, a rapid population drop is up. level is replaced by a slow, while the population of the lower continues to decrease at a noticeable speed. Part of the excess energy of the upper level can be transformed in the resonator into the energy of the laser beam. The diffuser serves to inhibit the flow and increase the pressure of the gas that is released into the atmosphere.

Active environment. The vibrational states of molecules with long lifetimes (compared with electronic and rotational levels) most fully meet the specified requirements. The processes of vibrational relaxation allow: complete inversion of vibrational levels, and so-called. partial vibrational-rotational inversion. In accordance with this "working" particles, G.L. both polyatomic and diatomic heteronuclear molecules are used, which, unlike homonuclear molecules, have allowed vibrational-rotational transitions.

The first and naib. common is G.L. on the full vibrational inversion between the levels 00 ⁰ 1 and 10 ⁰ 0 (or 02 ⁰ 0) of the CO ₂ molecule. The corresponding generation wavelengths are λ = 10.4–9.4 μm (Fig. 2). Level 00 ⁰ 1 corresponds to asymmetric vibrations of the CO ₂ molecule, levels 10 ⁰ 0 and 02 ⁰ 0 - to vibrations of deformation and symmetric types. However, in pure CO _{2 the} necessary ratio of the relaxation times of these levels is not fulfilled. This ratio shifts in the right direction with the addition of a certain number of H ₂ , H ₂ O molecules, He atoms, etc. Their collisions with CO ₂ molecules empty the lower laser levels (10 ⁰ 0 and 02 ⁰ 0) much faster than level 00 ⁰ I. An increase in the supply of vibrational energy in the cooled gas is also achieved by introducing a donor gas into the gas mixture in the prechamber, whose molecules relax slowly and are able to quickly transfer the energy stored in them to levels corresponding to asymmetric vibrations of the CO ₂ molecule. The role of the donor gas is usually played by excited N ₂ molecules, the vibrational levels of which are close to the levels of the CO ₂ molecule.

G.L. on combustion products is the simplest G.L., which has practical significance. In the prechamber, carbon-containing fuel is burned in the air, hot combustion products are passed through the nozzle apparatus and the resonator. Depending on the fuel used and the conditions of its combustion, pressure p ₀ , temperature T ₀ and chemical. the composition of the products in the prechamber varies widely (p ₀ = 5-100 atm, T ₀ = 1500-3000 K). In this way, as a rule, it is not possible to obtain high efficiency. G.L. on combustion products has a low efficiency (≲1%). This is due to the fact that only 7-10% of the combustion energy goes to the excitation of vibrational levels of the CO ₂ molecule. In addition, due to the relaxation of energy losses in the flow, the low ratio of the energy of the quantum of laser radiation to the quantum energy necessary to excite an asymmetric vibration of the CO ₂ molecule (quantum efficiency), and the relatively small resonator efficiency, not all of the energy storage can be transformed into laser radiation. Really in G.L. on combustion products, the energy emitted per unit mass of the mixture being burned (specific radiation energy) is ≲20 kJ / kg, and the gain is α≤0.5-1.0 M ^-1 .

Other types of G.L. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of G. consists in reducing the relaxation of the losses of the stored vibrational energy. Due to the relatively high relaxation rates of vibrational levels of the CO ₂ molecule, almost all the energy lost by the medium is converted to heat, and this happens in the near-critical part of the nozzle, where the temperature and density of the gas are high. The absence of CO ₂ in this part of the stream minimizes energy loss. Therefore, the required amount of CO ₂ is introduced into the flow of the excited donor gas into the supersonic or transonic part of the nozzle. In this case, the temperature of the introduced CO ₂ can be low (≲200-300 K). In this version, G.L. (G.L. "with mixing") appears to complement. the possibility of increasing the total number of vibrationally excited molecules by heating the donor gas to higher temperatures T ₀ = 4000-5000 K. Ud. radiation energy reaches 50-100 kJ / kg, gain of 3-5 m ^-1 , full efficiency ~ 2-3%.

Efficiency G.L. increases in the case when at least part of the stored energy can be converted into laser radiation with a large quantum efficiency. In the case of CO _2, this possibility is associated with the so-called cascade generation simultaneously at two transitions 00 ⁰ 1-10 ⁰ 0 (02 ⁰ 0) and 10 ⁰ 0 (02 ⁰ 0) - 01 ¹ 0. The latter has a quantum efficiency of 71.6%. The conditions for the appearance of two-frequency generation are more stringent than in the single-frequency mode. They are easier to reach in G.L. "with mixing". As the cascade radiation is removed from the internal cavity, the energy of the system decreases and the condition of two-frequency generation ceases to be satisfied. The vibrational energy remaining in the medium (upper transition) is transformed into laser radiation by the next resonator located downstream and tuned to the transitions 00 ⁰ 1-10 ⁰ 0 (02 ⁰ 0).

G.L. CO _{2 was} also run on others. vibrational transitions, eg. at transitions 03 ¹ 0-10 ⁰ 0, 03 ¹ 0-02 ² 0 and 02 ⁰ 0-01 ¹ 0 (λ = 18.4, 16.7 and 16.2 μm). In this case, it is necessary to freeze as much energy as possible in the system of levels of deformation and symmetric vibrations of the molecule and cool the gas to temperatures of ≲70-100 K. The best results are obtained for mixtures of CO ₂ with Ar and Ne and nozzle devices with large degrees of expansion. As a working component in G. other triatomic molecules (N ₂ O, COS, CS ₂ ) are also used.

The action of other type G.L. based on the inversion in the system of vibrational-rotational levels in diatomic heteronuclear molecules (CO, HCl, etc.). Inversion occurs between the rotational sublevels of various excited vibrational levels. If this excitation is small, then the rotational sublevels between which there is an inversion correspond to very large values of rotate. quantum number, and therefore have a small population. This, in turn, determines a small gain that is insufficient to excite the generation. Generation is excited if the so-called vibrational temperature T _count (effective temperature at which vibrational levels are populated) and gas temperature T are in the ratio T _count / T >> 1. Naib. a high value of T _{col of} expanding gas can be stored in a system of weakly relaxing levels, e.g. in the system of levels of the CO molecule (λ = 5 μm). The necessary gas cooling is achieved in nozzle devices with a high degree of expansion.

Known multiple launch rocket system according to US Pat. RF №2277687, MKTU F43F 3/04, publ. 06/10/2006, which contains a wheeled chassis with a wheelhouse, a package of tubular guides with screw grooves and horizontal and vertical guidance drives of a package of tubular guides. A gyroscopic system for measuring the guidance angles of the tubular guide package is additionally placed on the package of tubular guides, and a console for setting the guidance angles of the package of tubular guides and a comparison device are located in the conning tower, the outputs of the gyroscopic measuring system and the console for setting the guidance angles are electrically connected to the input of the comparison device. The output of the comparison device is electrically connected to the drives of horizontal and vertical guidance of the tubular guide package, and the removal of the longitudinal axis of each tubular guide from the axes of horizontal and vertical guidance of the tubular guide package does not exceed a value determined by a given mathematical expression.

The disadvantage is manual reloading of the complex after each salvo.

Known articulated self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system according to the patent for the invention No. 2273815 dated 11/01/2004. This invention relates to the field of armament, in particular to an anti-aircraft missile system, which is made in the form of a base machine containing two extreme and one central section suspended between them by automatic device, with the possibility of uncoupling the extreme sections from the central. The central section is equipped with a radar station for illuminating targets and guiding missiles. Launching units with redundant control panels and an anti-aircraft guided missile launch system are installed at the extreme sections. The implementation of the complex allows to increase its maneuverability and reduce the length of the column during the march. However, the method of firing from this complex has several disadvantages:

- the impossibility of firing rockets with volley, bursts, and generally shells of the type "Smerch", "Hurricane", "Grad", and others of a similar class;

- the inability to transport, load launchers with such rockets;

- a significant decrease in the speed of movement on the march when reaching a combat position, since it is on a tracked track;

- the impossibility of delivering combat shells after firing their first salvo at the enemy.

However, the opposed complex has some common signs of firing with the claimed method of firing from the proposed complex - this is the ability to load the launcher with live shells in a combat position and the ability to transport these combat shells on a march to a combat position.

The aim of this invention is to increase the combat effectiveness of firing rockets of the "Smerch" type in one gulp, bursts and single shots by providing fast charging of a combat vehicle with a launcher of a set of rocket shells using a transport-loading vehicle of the complex located directly and constantly with the fighting vehicle, on which the launcher is located.

Famous multiple launch rocket launcher according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2400692, IPC F41F 3/04, publ. 10/27/2010, the prototype. In this multiple launch rocket system, rockets containing a combat vehicle with a launcher in the upper part, and one transport-loading vehicle on a multi-wheeled chassis.

The combat complex has many disadvantages:

Low survivability of this combat complex. He does not have his own armor, cannon and small arms for conducting close combat after firing rockets. The combat readiness and firepower of the complex is very low, its reloading takes a long time and in the inconvenient relative position of the complex's vehicles.

Known laser pumped by a patent of the Russian Federation No. 1140668, IPC H01S 3/09, publ. 06/30/1994. The following is a brief description and analysis of its shortcomings.

This is a nuclear-pumped gas laser, the cavity of a cylindrical tube of which is filled with a mixture of HE + Xe (in a ratio of 200: 1) with an initial density of ρ ₁ = 0.9256 · 10 ³ g / cm ³ . The outer radius of the uranium-containing layer is 2 r ₂ = 1 cm, its thickness is δ = 0.518 · 10 ^-3 cm. The material of the layer is uranium dioxide, characterizing the density ρ ₂ = 10.96 g / cm ³ and the concentration of uranium nuclei ²³⁵ UN ₁ = 2 4710 ²² poison / cm ³ . The outer radius of the cylindrical tube is 3 r ₃ = 1.1 cm, its thickness Δr ₃ = 0.1 cm; the tube is continuous. The tube material is alloy: zirconium with the addition of uranium ²³⁵ U, its density ρ ₃ = 6.44 g / cm ³ . The initial temperature of the entire system is T _o = 303 K. Thermogasdynamic calculations were performed on a computer with an increase in the flux of thermal pump neutrons according to the law ϕ (t) = ϕ _o e ^t / τ _n with a given period τ _n = 1.5 s. ϕ _{о was} assumed equal to 10 ¹³ n / cm ² s. In the calculations, the concentration of ²³⁵ U in the tube wall material was varied. Curve 5 in Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the coordinate of the boundary of the active generation region on the concentration of uranium-235 nuclei in the tube wall. Thus, direct calculations confirm that the above formulas determine the optimal value of the concentration of uranium nuclei in the tube of the laser cell, which must be provided to effectively compensate for the effects of temperature and density inhomogeneities arising in the working gas.

The efficiency of such a laser with an optimal concentration of ²³⁵ U nuclei in the tube was verified by calculating the thermogasdynamic and optical characteristics when it was operated in the pumped mode by a thermal neutron flux having a time dependence close in shape to a rectangular one with a duration of τ = 1 s. The value ϕ _m = 0.683 · 10 ¹⁴ n / cm ² · s is the maximum value of the thermal neutron flux. Based on the obtained spatio-temporal distributions of the temperature and density of the gas mixture using the time dependence of the thermal neutron pump pulse and the known relations describing the relationship between the gas density and its refractive index, the distribution of the refractive index and the divergence of optical radiation, etc., the change in time relative average intensity of laser radiation.

The optimal concentration of 235 uranium nuclei in the tube of the laser cell is determined by the geometric dimensions and thermophysical parameters of the tube itself, the uranium-containing layer and the working gas medium. When the concentration of uranium 235 nuclei in the tube material changes from zero to the optimal value, the output laser radiation energy monotonically increases to the maximum possible value. With a further increase in concentration, the output radiation energy remains unchanged.

Thus, the introduction of uranium 235 nuclei with an optimal concentration of N into the wall of a nuclear-pumped laser tube allows a significant 15–30-fold increase (with a pump duration of τ≈1 s) to increase the energy of the laser output radiation compared to the prototype. In addition, such a device completely eliminates the possibility of failure of heating of the tube wall and provides synchronization of tracking heating of the tube for heating the working gas medium.

Thus, the well-known nuclear-pumped gas laser according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 1140668, IPC H01S 3/09, publ. 06/30/1994 also has disadvantages, the main of which is low efficiency and laser radiation power, which is unacceptable for a combat laser, as this will not only reduce the damaging properties of the laser, but also lead to a huge gas consumption.

Over the past few years, global positioning systems (GPS) have gained great popularity in the world. This is, indeed, a very promising market. The volume of the global market for global positioning services in 2003 amounted to $ 500 million, and according to Ovum forecast, in 2005 its volume will be $ 9.75 billion (with 376 million subscribers). This article is devoted to some fundamentals of the functioning of global positioning systems and their application in the world. The first Global Positioning System (GPS) systems were developed exclusively for military purposes. The global GPS navigation system is designed to transmit navigation signals that can be simultaneously received in all regions of the world. The initiator of the GPS-system was the US Department of Defense. Its development began in 1973, when the US Department of Defense stopped arranging a radio navigation system consisting of Loran-C and Omega ground-based navigation systems and the Transit satellite system. The project of creating a satellite network for determining coordinates in real time anywhere in the world was called NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System - a navigation system for determining the time and range). The GPS abbreviation used now appeared later, when the system began to be used not only for the military, but also for peaceful purposes. The first full-time orbital constellation of the system unfolded from June 1989 to March 1994. 24 Block II navigation satellites were put into orbit. The GPS system was finally put into operation in 1995. Currently, it is operated and maintained by the US Department of Defense. The GPS-system includes 3 main segments: space, ground and user. The space segment consists of 28 autonomous satellites uniformly distributed in orbits with an altitude of 20,350 km (24 satellites are enough for a fully functional system). Each satellite emits at 2 frequencies a special navigation signal in which 2 kinds of code are encrypted. One of them is available only to a few users, among which, of course, are the US military and federal services. In addition to these 2 signals, the satellite emits a third, informing the user about additional parameters (satellite status, its operability, etc.). The parameters of the satellite’s orbits are periodically monitored by a network of ground-based tracking stations (a total of 5 stations located in tropical latitudes), with the help of which (at least 1-2 times a day): ballistic characteristics are calculated, deviations of the satellites from the calculated motion paths are recorded, the own time of the airborne hours of satellites, the health of navigation equipment is monitored, etc. At the same time, it usually takes several hours to detect satellite equipment failures using ground stations . The third segment of the GPS system is GPS receivers, manufactured both as stand-alone devices (wearable or stationary), and as boards for connecting to PCs, on-board computers and other devices. Key features of the GPS-system (in the presence of a GPS-signal receiver):

- determination of the location of the mobile subscriber;

- determination of the shortest and most convenient way to the destination;

- determination of the return route;

- determination of speed (maximum, minimum, average);

- determination of travel time (past and how much more is needed), etc.

The main characteristics of the GPS system are shown in table 1.

Table 1 The number of satellites in the orbital constellation 28 The number of orbital planes 63 The number of satellites in each plane 48 Orbit height (km) 20350 Orbital inclination (degree) 55 Satellite rotation period (h) 12 Satellite mass (kg) 1055 Satellite Solar Power (W) 450 Service life (years) 7.5 Polarization right-handed Determination error 100 (C / A code); 16 (P-code)

Determination error 10 (C / A code); 0.1 (P-code) Timing error (ns) 340 (C / A code); 90 (P-code) Reliability of navigation definitions (%) 95

GPS system basics

The theory of ranging is based on the calculation of the propagation distance of a radio signal from a satellite to a receiver using a time delay. If you know the propagation time of the radio signal, then the path traveled by it is easy to calculate by simply multiplying the propagation time of the radio signal by the speed of light. Each satellite of the GPS-system continuously generates radio waves of 2 frequencies - (L1 = 1575.42 MHz and L2 = 1227.60 MHz). The navigation signal is a phase-manipulated pseudo-random PRN code (Pseudo Random Number code). There are 2 types of PRN code. The first is the C / A code (Coarse Acquisition code), which is used in civilian receivers. It allows you to get only a rough estimate of the location, which is why it is called a “rough” code. The C / A code is transmitted at the frequency L1 using phase manipulation of a pseudo-random sequence of 1023 characters in length. Error protection is provided through the Gould code. The repetition period of the C / A code is 1 ms. Another code - P (precision code) provides a more accurate calculation of coordinates, but access to it is limited. Basically, the P-code is provided to the US military and (sometimes) federal services (for example, to solve problems of geodesy and cartography). This code is transmitted at L2 using an extra-long pseudo-random sequence with a repetition period of 267 days. This code is available, in principle, to civilians. But the algorithm for processing it is much more complicated, therefore, the equipment is more expensive. In turn, the frequency L1 is modulated by both C / A and P code. The GPS signal may also contain the so-called Y-code, which is an encrypted version of the P-code (in wartime, the encryption system may change).

In addition to navigation signals, the satellite continuously transmits various kinds of overhead information. The user of the GPS receiver is informed about the status of the satellite and its parameters: system time; ephemeris (accurate satellite orbit data); the predicted propagation delay time of the radio signal in the ionosphere (since the speed of light changes with the passage of different layers of the atmosphere), the satellite’s operability (the so-called “almanac” contains information on the status and orbits of all satellites updated every 1 ... 5 min).

The basis for determining the coordinates of the GPS receiver is the calculation of the distance from it to several satellites, the location of which is considered known (these data are in the "almanac" received from the GPS satellite). In geodesy, the method of calculating the position of an object by measuring its distance from points with given coordinates is called "trilateration".

If the distance to one satellite is known, then the coordinates of the receiver cannot be determined (it can be located anywhere in the sphere with a radius described around the satellite). Let the receiver distance from the second satellite be known. In this case, the determination of coordinates is also not possible - the object is on a circle, which is the intersection of two spheres. The distance to the third satellite reduces the uncertainty in coordinates to two points. This is already enough to uniquely determine the coordinates - the fact is that of the two possible points of location of the receiver, only one is on the surface of the Earth (or in the immediate vicinity of it), and the second, false, is either deep inside the Earth or very high above surface. Thus, for three-dimensional navigation it is theoretically sufficient to know the distance from the receiver to 3 satellites.

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) - Soviet and Russian satellite navigation system, developed by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense. One of two currently functioning global satellite navigation systems [1]. The basis of the system should be 24 satellites moving above the Earth's surface in three orbital planes with an inclination of orbital planes of 64.8 ° and a height of 19100 km. The measurement principle is similar to the American NAVSTAR GPS navigation system. Currently, the GLONASS project is being developed by the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Russian Space Systems OJSC [2].

The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is designed for operational navigation and temporal support for an unlimited number of land, sea, air and space-based users. Access to civilian GLONASS signals anywhere in the world on the basis of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation is provided to Russian and foreign consumers free of charge and without restrictions.

In order to ensure the commercialization and mass introduction of GLONASS technologies in Russia and abroad, in July 2009, by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, a “Federal Network Operator in the Field of Navigation Activities” was created, the functions of which were assigned to OJSC Navigation and Information Systems.

The main difference from the GPS system is that the GLONASS satellites in their orbital motion have no resonance (synchronization) with the rotation of the Earth, which provides them with greater stability. Thus, the GLONASS spacecraft grouping does not require additional adjustments during the entire period of active existence. Nevertheless, the service life of GLONASS satellites is noticeably shorter.

The objective of the invention is to improve the survivability of the complex, its combat readiness, the firepower of autonomy in management and accelerate refueling.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a mobile combat laser complex containing a combat vehicle with a combat laser in the upper part, and at least one auxiliary vehicle on a multi-wheeled chassis, in accordance with the invention the combat vehicle is made on a tracked undercarriage mounted on an armored compartment at least one fuel tank, a combat laser is mounted above the armored compartment in a vertical armored cylinder on a rotary platform and contains a gas turbine engine with a jet nozzle mounted vertically with the possibility of exhausting the combustion products vertically upwards and at least one resonator mounted on it at an angle to the axis of the jet nozzle, in the upper part of the armored cylinder is closed by an upper armored carrier, in the center of which there is a hole in size and shape corresponding to the output of the jet nozzle, in the armored cylinder itself openings for accommodating resonator lenses in them, and auxiliary machines are made in the form of at least one fueling device. A combat vehicle may contain a source of electricity and a control system, which includes an on-board computer. The combat vehicle may comprise a nuclear reactor mounted in an armored cylinder. Above the combat laser, a mount with a remote control can be mounted on a support mounted on a caterpillar base. The combat vehicle may contain a source of electricity, and the turntable is equipped with a drive connected by power cables through a switch to a source of electricity. The fuel tanker may be equipped with at least one tank. The fuel tanker in the upper part can be equipped with an anti-aircraft machine gun with remote control and large-caliber aviation machine guns mounted on a multi-wheeled chassis and having remote control.

The solution to these problems has been achieved in a method of increasing the combat effectiveness of a mobile combat laser complex by the fact that according to the invention, at least two vehicles are included in each complex: a combat vehicle with a combat laser mounted in an armored cylinder, and at least one fueling tank, a combat vehicle fights with the use of one or several beams of a combat laser, using the thermal energy of the gas turbine engine combustion products as a source of energy, until the fuel is completely consumed, after which the tanker fuel refueling and the combat vehicle enters the battle again. GTE combustion products can additionally be heated using a nuclear reactor. During the fighting, the armored cylinder can be continuously rotated, while controlling the rotational speed and angular position of the armored cylinder.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 ... 13, where:

- figure 1 shows a drawing of a combat vehicle with a combat laser,

- figure 2 shows a view A,

- figure 3 shows a view of B,

- figure 4 is a drawing of a combat vehicle with an anti-aircraft machine gun and heavy machine guns,

- Fig. 5 is a drawing of an armored cylinder with a combat laser installed inside it,

- figure 6 shows a drawing of an armored cylinder with a combat laser installed inside it and with a nuclear reactor,

- figure 7 shows a view In

- Fig.8 shows a view of G,

- figure 9 shows a view of D,

- figure 10 shows a drawing of a gas tanker,

- figure 11 shows a drawing of a fuel tanker with anti-aircraft and large-caliber aviation machine guns,

- Fig.12 shows the design of a combat vehicle with a diffuser,

- Fig.13 shows a diagram of the conduct of hostilities with enemy aircraft using the declared combat complex.

Mobile combat complex (figure 1 ... 13) contains a combat vehicle 1 and at least one refueling tank 2.

Moreover, the combat vehicle 1 (Fig. 1 ... 6) contains a tracked undercarriage 3, an engine compartment 4 with an armored compartment 5 installed on it, which in turn has side armor 6 and an upper armor plate 7. At least one fuel tank is installed in the armored compartment 5 8 with a filler neck 9, a crane 10 and a flow meter 11. Above the upper armor plate 7, a rotary platform 12 is installed, which is connected to the actuator 13. A rotary angle sensor 14 is connected to the actuator 13. An armored cylinder 15 is installed on the rotary platform 12, having an upper armored end 16.

A combat laser 17 is installed inside the armored cylinder 15. A combat laser 17 comprises a gas turbine engine 18 mounted on a central hinge 19 and at least one resonator 20 mounted on a gas turbine 18 at an acute angle α to the longitudinal axis of its jet nozzle (in the direction exhaust jet of combustion products), i.e. tilted up.

The resonators 20 contain each housing 21, of cylindrical shape, made of two coaxially mounted parts of the first 22 and second 23. In the first part 22 of the housing 21, a mirror 24 is installed, in the second part 23 of the housing 21 a diaphragm 25 and a lens 26 are installed. The turbine engine 18 contains a turbocharger 27 and a jet nozzle 28.

The turbocharger 27 comprises an air intake 29, a compressor 30, a combustion chamber 31, a turbine 32. The fuel system comprises a fuel line 33, a pump 34, and nozzles 35. The jet nozzle 28 may be subsonic or supersonic. The following describes an example of a supersonic jet nozzle 28, which contains a subsonic part 36 and a supersonic part 37 installed in the hole 38, which is made in the upper armored end 16. This design of the connection described above is made to prevent huge temperature stresses in the details of the gas turbine engine 18 and to exclude hit on the nodes of the gas turbine engine of atmospheric precipitation.

On the side surface of the armored cylinder 15 is made in the upper part of the hole 39, in which the second parts 23 of the bodies 21 of the resonators 20 are installed (Fig. 5). Parts 23 can be sealed to prevent atmospheric precipitation from entering the armored cylinder 15 using seals 40.

A radial partition 41 is made inside the armored cylinder, which divides its cavity into lower 42 and upper 43. In the wall of the armored cylinder 15, holes 44 are made in its lower part, communicating the lower cavity 42 with the atmosphere for intake of atmospheric air before entering the air intake 29, and in the upper part - holes 45 for venting cooling air. Cooling air into the upper cavity 43 in an amount of 1% to 3% of the total flow rate through the gas turbine engine 18 is selected due to the intermediate stage of the compressor 30 using a pipe 46 with a valve 47. Valve 47 allows cooling to be switched off in winter at very low ambient temperatures . A speed sensor 49 is mounted on the shaft 48 of the gas turbine engine 18. The gas turbine engine 18 contains a starter 50 connected by a kinematic mechanism 51 to the shaft 48.

An embodiment of a combat vehicle with a nuclear reactor 52 and a heat exchanger 53 installed inside the combustion chamber 31 is possible (Fig. 6), which are connected to each other by recirculation pipes 54 and 55, in one of which a pump 56 is installed. This will not only increase the energy of laser beams due to the use of thermal energy from a nuclear reactor 52, but also increase its efficiency due to radioactive pumping of combustion products and, most importantly, increase the continuous operation time of a combat laser 17 many times due to light to reduce fuel consumption (approximately 10 ... 20 times) and burning fuel at a low (minimum possible) temperature. A feature of nuclear reactor 52 is that it is made according to a simplified scheme, has minimal dimensions and weight, and lightweight anti-radiation protection to increase the efficiency of a combat laser 17.

Above the combat laser 17, an anti-aircraft machine gun 58 with a remote control system 59 and large-caliber aviation machine guns 60 with a remote control system 61 can be mounted on a support 57 mounted on a tracked chassis 3 (Fig. 4). The weapon is designed to defend the complex on the march and when the consumption of rocket fuel components: oxidizer and fuel.

As tapering 32 and expanding part 33 of the jet nozzle 28 is made with the possibility of regenerative cooling (Fig.7 and 9) and contain two walls; the inner wall 62 and the outer wall 63 with a gap between them 64. A layer of uranium 235-65 is deposited on the inner surface of the inner wall 62, and uranium particles 238-66 are embedded in the inner wall 62 itself. (Fig.9).

The combat vehicle 1 (Figs. 1 and 4) contains an electric power source 67, a power cable 68 connecting the electric power source 67 to a switch 69, to which all electric power consumers, in particular drive 13, are also connected by power cables 68. An on-board computer is installed on the military vehicle 1 70, to which the GLONASS 72 system receiver with an antenna 73 and the transmitting and receiving device 74 with the antenna 75 are connected by electrical connections 71. The GLONASS 72 system receiver and satellites 76 are connected using the antenna 73 via radio channel 77.

The combat laser 17 (FIGS. 7 and 11) comprises a compressed air cylinder 78 to which a high pressure pipe 79 is connected, having a valve 80 and a gear 81. The other end of the high pressure pipe 79 is connected to the starter 50.

Parts 22 and 23 of the resonator 20 are coaxially mounted on the jet nozzle 28. The turbine engine 18 at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the jet nozzle 28, with respect to the nozzle exit (towards the exhaust) and at the junctions with the combustion chamber 31, ellipse holes are made, namely, output 82 and input 83 for the passage of the laser beam. To improve the cooling of the resonators 20, their bodies 21 are made double and contain an outer wall 84 and an inner wall 85 with a gap between them 86. On parts 22 and 23, the input and output manifolds 87 and 88 are made. To the input manifold 87 is connected a pipe 89 for supplying cooling air due to the intermediate stage of the compressor 30, for example, through the valve 90 (figure 1).

The fuel tanker 2 (FIG. 10) may comprise a multi-wheeled chassis 91 and at least one fuel tank 92 and has fuel hoses 93.

On fueling tanks 2 on a rotary base 94 can be placed anti-aircraft machine gun 95 with remote control 96 and large-caliber aviation machine guns 97 with remote control 98 (from 2 to 4 on a single fuel tank 2 (Fig.13).

Fuelers 2 are also as automated as possible (Fig. 11), they are equipped with on-board computers 99, a Glonass 100 receiver, an antenna 101, a transmitter-receiver 102 with an antenna 103. All electronic components are connected by electrical connections 104. On the fuelers 2 installed sources of electrical energy 105 connected by power cables 106 to the switch 107. The switch 107 is connected by power cables 106 to the drive 13, with remote control 96 and 98 and other energy consumers.

On Fig shows the design of the combat vehicle 1 with a diffuser 108, mounted above the upper armored personnel carrier 16 coaxially with the jet nozzle 28 on the brackets 109

On Fig shows a diagram of the conduct of hostilities combat vehicle 1 with the aircraft of the enemy 110 and shows the result of the intersection of the laser beam of the aircraft of the enemy 110, as a result of which it is cut into two parts 111 and 112.

BATTLE APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEX

The combat complex is designed only for the defense of the sky in radius of direct visibility along the radius and height of 30,000 m from the side of the combat vehicle 1. The vertical location of the gas turbine engine 18 leaving the jet nozzle 28 up excludes the influence of the gas turbine engine thrust 18 on the accuracy of fire. And a large number of resonators 20 and the rapid rotation of the armored cylinder 15 will prevent the penetration of enemy aircraft and missiles into the protected area.

When starting the combat laser 17, the gas turbine engine 18 is first launched, then the nuclear reactor 52, if any. To start the gas turbine engine 18, the valve 80 is opened, and the compressed air through the high pressure pipe 79 enters the starter 50, which spins the shaft 48, which drives the compressor 30. The compressor 30 delivers air to the combustion chamber 31. At the same time, the pump 34 through the fuel pipe 33 delivers fuel into nozzles 35, where it is ignited by an electric igniter. The electric igniter is not shown in FIGS. The combustion products operating on the turbine 32 increase the speed of rotation of the shaft 48, which allows you to disable the starter 50.

The fuel in the combustion chamber 31 when the nuclear reactor 52 is turned on burns out at a relatively low temperature of up to 500 degrees. C. Further heating of combustion products to 1,500 degrees. C is carried out by a nuclear reactor 52 using a heat exchanger 53 and coolant circulation. In addition to significant heating, the combustion products are exposed to radiation, this helps to increase the power of the combat laser 17.

The combat vehicle 1 is controlled by the on-board computer 70 using the drive 13, which creates rotational movement at the highest possible speed, providing protection of the space at a distance of up to 30 km and an altitude of up to 30 km along a cone, the top of which coincides with the location of the combat vehicle 1 (Fig. .12). As a result, enemy aircraft 110 are cut into two parts by laser beams 111 and 112 and, given the high probability of cutting the fuel tank or ammunition, explode, which completely excludes them from performing a combat mission. The same goes for missiles. The complex is controlled using data on its own coordinates, obtained through the GLONASS 72 receiver or via radio channel 77 from the command post. (Figure 1-12 command point is not shown). Manual control is possible from the remotes located in the combat vehicle 1 (this option is also not shown in FIGS. 1-12).

Turning off the combat laser 17 is carried out in the reverse order.

Comparative analysis shows that the claimed invention differs from the prototype in that each complex of military transport columns on the march includes at least one fuel tanker on a multi-wheeled chassis to accelerate movement and reload and one combat vehicle on a caterpillar track. Moreover, the fuel tanker 2 is completely filled before the march, while the combat vehicle 1 with the combat laser in the convoy is positioned ahead along the fuel tanker 2 and maintain a safe distance between them for the entire duration of the movement of this complex on any roads, and when it arrives at the combat position, the combat vehicle 1 immediately enters the battle and protects the territory with laser beams, then a fuel refueling unit 2 is placed in its side with its rear end, then the combat vehicle 1 is charged with fuel, and then the combat manhole is restarted Era 17, and the refueling tank 2 immediately sent for fuel to continue the defensive battle.

Therefore, this technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty." To determine whether the proposed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", an analysis of the characteristics of the identified analogues is carried out. Given that the proposed technical solution has a new set of features that for a specialist do not explicitly follow from the existing level of technology, it meets the criterion of "inventive step". The proposed method of increasing the combat effectiveness of a mobile laser complex allows you to provide:

- autonomous topographic location and navigation, which allows firing from an unprepared firing position in the topographic and geodetic relation, guidance of laser beams;

- simultaneous firing of several beams of a powerful laser,

- refueling;

- the maximum speed of the complex on paved roads is about 100 km / h;

- cross in snow, swamp and desert sand,

- range in fuel - 2000 km,

- the number of laser beams - 1 ... 40 pcs,

- full refueling time - up to 5 minutes,

- time of continuous defense without the use of a nuclear reactor up to 2 hours,

using a nuclear reactor up to 40 hours.

Upon arrival at the combat position, the fighting vehicle 1 immediately enters the battle, the fuel tanker 2 is put in cover. But when the combat vehicle 1 has consumed all its own fuel supply, it is installed in a position in such a way that a fuel refueling unit 2 can be placed in its side, and fuel is pumped out of it, while measuring the amount of fueling to control the battle. After the refueling of fuel tank 2 to a safe distance, the fighting vehicle 1 performs the necessary laser firing at the target attacked from above, aircraft of all types flying at an altitude of 50 m to 30,000 m. After refueling the fighting vehicle 1, the fuel tank 2 is sent for the next portion of fuel and so on the end of hostilities. The combat vehicle 1 conducts combat operations either without human intervention in connection with the harmful effect of the sound flow of the working gas turbine engine 18 and nuclear reactor 52 on the crew, or using protective equipment.

The application of the invention will allow:

Increase the firing range of laser beams to 30 km.

To increase the firepower of the installation by 20 ... 30 times.

Provide reliable and complete automation of the process of refueling a combat vehicle with fuel.

Improve the invulnerability of the combat complex.

To make the shooting resource before capital repairs unlimited and the resource of the chassis equal to the resource of the tank or self-propelled guns, on the basis of the chassis of which the combat vehicle was made.

The proposed method of increased combat effectiveness of firing a combat system with several laser beams simultaneously (from 1 to 40 laser beams with a power of 1 MW to 10 MW each) allows for a long time to hold the defense of a site with a radius of about 30,000 m and hit:

- aircraft of all types: bombers, fighters, attack aircraft, reconnaissance and transport aircraft,

- missiles of the enemy of any class in the line of sight radius.

The combat capabilities of the installation are such that it can cut from 100 to 300 attacking aircraft in a radius of up to 30 km in 1 min.

The main distinguishing ability of the proposed combat complex is the presence of not one, but several resonators, the use of a gas turbine engine as an energy source allows continuous combat for several hours without refueling, and with the use of refueling, the time of a possible battle is comparable with the resource of a gas turbine engine and is 10,000 hours - 20,000 hours . The difference in the method of warfare is that when conducting a defensive battle, one or more laser beams can be involved. Naturally, if only one laser beam is used, its power increases. Also, a battle can be conducted using a nuclear reactor, this will not only increase the power of laser beams, but also increase the time of active use of the laser by an order of magnitude. Refueling a combat vehicle makes its operating time virtually unlimited. The heavy-duty armor protection and remote-controlled small arms of the elements of the complex make the complex virtually invulnerable to all types of small arms, aircraft attacks, landing and artillery and mortar shelling.

Fighting vehicle 1 usually operates without a crew using GLONASS and radio control systems. In exceptional cases, the crew can be used to move the combat vehicle 1 and its defense from the enemy landing. In the case of the use of a nuclear reactor 52 (of course only with an idle nuclear reactor 52), only a short stay of the service personnel 18 in special protective suits is allowed near the gas turbine engine. Fuel tankers 2 have a crew of 2 or 3 people to control the movement, undock and undock the hoses and self-defense. But in the event of the death of the entire crew, fueling tankers 2 are able to autonomously fight using remote-controlled small arms and navigate using radio control, taking the maximum possible measures to save the material part and after changing the crew for further fulfillment of the assigned tasks.

On Fig shows a diagram of the conduct of hostilities combat vehicle 1 with the aircraft of the enemy 108 and shows the result of the intersection of the laser beam of the enemy aircraft, as a result of which it is cut into two parts 109 and 110.

Having such a patent for an invention, it will be much easier for Russian enterprises manufacturing such complexes, besides ensuring the country's defense capability, to sell them abroad, at the same time, it is possible to increase the unit price of a product by 5 ... 10 times, at a lower cost, since the inclusion of such a device and the method in the technical and advertising documentation will immediately reflect in it the increased combat effectiveness of the firing of these sold complexes and their absolute invulnerability. At the same time, it is possible to quickly and easily establish mass production of this new type of weapon, given the advanced positions of the USSR in tank construction and the huge number of tanks produced in the USSR and the Russian Federation. At the same time, the income of our state from arms exports will increase tens and hundreds of times.

Literature

1. Konyukhov V.K., Prokhorov A.M. The second law of thermodynamics and quantum generators with thermal excitation, UFN, 1976, v.119, p.541.

2. Losev S.A. Gas-dynamic lasers, M., 1977; Anderson D., Gas-dynamic lasers: introduction, trans. from English., M., 1979.

3. Biryukov A.S., Scheglov V.A. Gas lasers on cascade transitions of linear triatomic molecules, "Quantum Electronics", 1981, v. 8, p. 231.

4. Karlov N.V. Lectures on quantum electronics, M., 1983. A.S. Biryukov.

Claims (10)

1. Mobile combat laser system comprising a combat vehicle with a combat laser in the upper part and at least one auxiliary vehicle on a multi-wheeled chassis, characterized in that the combat vehicle is made on a tracked undercarriage on which at least one is mounted in the armored compartment fuel capacity, a combat laser is installed above the armored compartment in a vertical armored cylinder on a rotary platform and contains a gas turbine engine with a jet nozzle mounted vertically with the possibility of exhaust exhaust products upwardly, and at least one resonator mounted on it at an angle to the axis of the jet nozzle, in the upper part the armored cylinder is closed by an upper armored carrier, in the center of which a hole is made, corresponding in size and shape to the exit of the jet nozzle, holes are made in the armored cylinder itself for placement of resonator lenses in them, and auxiliary machines are made in the form of at least one fueler. 2. The mobile combat laser system according to claim 1, characterized in that the combat vehicle contains an electric power source and a control system, which includes an on-board computer and a gas turbine engine control unit, interconnected by electrical connections. 3. The mobile combat laser system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combat vehicle contains a nuclear reactor mounted in a combustion chamber. 4. Mobile combat laser system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that above the combat laser on a support mounted on a caterpillar base, an anti-aircraft machine gun with a remote control is installed. 5. The mobile combat laser system according to claim 5, characterized in that the combat vehicle contains a source of electricity, the turntable is equipped with a drive connected by power cables through a switch to a source of electricity. 6. Mobile combat laser system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidizer and fuel tankers are equipped with tanks. 7. The mobile combat laser system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidizer and fuel tankers in the upper part are equipped with an anti-aircraft machine gun with remote control and large-caliber aviation machine guns mounted on a multi-wheeled chassis and having remote control. 8. A method of increasing the combat effectiveness of a mobile combat laser complex, characterized in that at least three vehicles are included in each combat transport column on the march: a combat vehicle with a combat laser mounted in an armored cylinder, and at least to one refueling tank of oxidizer and fuel, the combat vehicle engages in combat using one or several beams of a combat laser, using the thermal energy of the products of combustion of a gas turbine engine as an energy source, to the full cost anija oxidizer and fuel, after refueling oxidant and fuel refilling is carried oxidizer and fuel, and combat vehicle again enters into battle. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the combustion products of the gas turbine engine are additionally heated using a nuclear reactor. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that during the fighting the armored cylinder is continuously rotated, while the rotation frequency and the angular position of the armored cylinder are controlled.

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