RU2477475C2 - Method to diagnose sarcoptoidosis in animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: method includes taking a scrape from affected areas of animal skin, at the same time 0.1% solution of gentian violet is added to the investigated material in concentrate of dimethyl sulfoxide. Then the content is mixed and studied with a microscope to detect ticks.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to quickly detect ticks and quickly and accurately diagnose sarcoptoidosis.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, namely to an improved method for the diagnosis of animal sarcoptoidosis. The method consists in adding a 0.1% solution of gentian violet in dimethyl sulfoxide concentrate to the skin scraping taken from animals infected with sarcoptosis. With this method, the yield of ticks is accelerated and their number in the test material increases.

Under the name "scabies mites" parasites of humans, domestic and wild animals usually parasitize inside or on their skin and cause a long-term illness - scabies. Scabies mites belong to the type of arthropods, to the class of arachnids and to the order of mites.

Sarcoptoidosis in most cases proceeds in a chronic form, which is the reason for the lack of treatment and preventive measures. However, these invasions cause significant economic damage, which consists of a decrease in animal productivity, deterioration of the quality of the hide, and the cost of treatment and preventive measures (Tokarev A.N., 2008).

The range of clinical signs in diseases caused by parasitic ticks is wide: from itching and local skin lesions to intoxication and depression of the central nervous system.

The intensive development of livestock farms and the creation of large complexes all the necessary raise the question of developing methods for the early diagnosis of sarcoptosis. This will make it possible to timely identify and isolate sick animals, which will prevent the widespread spread of sick animals and allow accurate diagnosis.

Many researchers recommend that after taking the scraping from the affected areas of the animals, pour the material with 10% sodium hydroxide solution for 12 hours until the crusts are softened and partially dissolved. This process can be accelerated by heating for 10-20 minutes. After the crusts are softened, they are transferred piece by piece onto coverslips, softened with needles and examined under a microscope (Dubinin V.B., 1954; Evranova V.G., 1988; Kerbabaev EB, 2000; Rogozina I.E. , 2004).

Despite the simplicity of this research method, which can be applied in any laboratory, it does not always give a reliable answer about the presence or absence of parasites in the collected material. Therefore, several authors proposed some of its improvements, with the aim of achieving the highest concentration of parasites in the process of scraping.

Priselkova A.M. (1949), Snoring N.N. (2000) recommend adding a few drops of kerosene to the scraping for the study of sarcoptosis. Under the action of kerosene, the crusts and flakes soften and brighten, and ticks are clearly visible when viewing drugs.

Gizatullina F.G. (1998), Tokarev A.N. (2010) to confirm the diagnosis of chorioptosis and demodecosis, the contents obtained by taking a scraping, recommends fixing in 50% glycerol and examining under a microscope.

Skosyrskikh L.N. (1993) proposes to add a few drops of sunflower oil or water to the scraping for the diagnosis of cattle demodecosis.

Shustrova M.V. (1990) suggests pouring a skin scraping to detect otodectosis of carnivorous gum arabic mixture of Fora-Berlese.

Another series of improvements in the method of studying scraping involves the possibility of sedimentation of parasites at the bottom of the vessel or, conversely, their concentration on the surface film of solutions in a centrifuge tube.

So, Waida (1938) recommends pouring scraping in test tubes with water, warming them in a water bath at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 15-20 minutes, then add three parts of glycerin and defend the mixture for an hour or centrifuge for 15 minutes. The bulk of the mites at the same time floats to the surface of the liquid, from where the parasites are collected by a loop and examined.

Shik G.Z. (1947) proposed a method of sedimentation of scabies mites on the bottom of a centrifuge tube. The collected scrapings are crushed with a scalpel and placed in a centrifuge tube, poured with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and heated several times for 15-20 minutes on a flame of an alcohol lamp. After each heating, the contents of the tube are mixed. After sufficient dissolution of the crusts, the tubes are centrifuged for 10-15 minutes, the liquid is drained, and the sediment is examined under a microscope.

To detect live ticks, scraping is placed in a Petri dish, slightly heated to 25-30 ° C and viewed on a black background (Dubinin VB, 1954; Evranova VG, 1988).

Thus, the authors propose various techniques for detecting scabies mites. Almost all methods are associated with the expectation of tick release, which is associated with the expenditure of working time. Therefore, the search for new tools for the diagnosis of sarcoptosis is an urgent problem.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for the diagnosis of sarcoptoidosis of animals to determine the parasitological situation and the timely implementation of the necessary preventive measures.

The technical result is an improved method for the diagnosis of scabies mites.

The technical result is achieved by the claimed method, the essence of which is the use of several drops of 0.1% gentian violet in a concentrate of dimethyl sulfoxide on skin scraping from various animal species.

Materials and methods. Skin scrapings were removed from rats experimentally infected with Notoedres notoedres, from rabbits infected with Psoroptes cuniculi, from cattle infected with P. bovis, from cats spontaneously infested with Otodectes cynotis. Six scrapings were taken from each animal species and placed in Petri dishes. In two of them, a double amount of 10% sodium hydroxide was added, and in the other two, 0.1% gentian violet in dimethyl sulfoxide concentrate. The contents were mixed and examined under low magnification of the microscope. The tick exit time from the scraping was determined. To monitor the effectiveness of the diagnosis, the vital method (thermostat) was used.

The results of the study of the time of exit of ticks from scrapings of the skin are presented in the table.

No. p / p A drug Tick appearance time (min) The number of ticks detected Scraping the skin of rats infected with Notoedres notoedres one 10% caustic soda 11 ± 2.8 2 ± 1.4 2 patentable method 0.45 ± 0.18 7.5 ± 2.1 3 thermostat 20.5 ± 0.7 3.5 ± 2.1 Skin scraping of rabbits infected with Psoroptes cuniculi four 10% caustic soda 21 ± 1.4 5 ± 1.4 5 patentable method 0.87 ± 0.17 7.5 ± 0.7 6 thermostat 16.5 ± 4.9 4,5 ± 0,7 Skin scraping cr. horn. cattle infected with Psoroptes bovis 7 10% caustic soda 18 ± 1,1 4 ± 0.21 8 patentable method 0.92 ± 0.1 7 ± 0.9 9 thermostat 18.3 ± 2.1 4 ± 1,1 Scraping the skin of cats infected with Otodectes cynotis 10 10% caustic soda 7 ± 1.2 2 ± 2.1 eleven patentable method 0.12 ± 0.1 4,5 ± 1,3 12 thermostat 12.4 ± 2.1 1 ± 1.2 Skin scraping of pigs infected with Sarcoptes suis 13 10% caustic soda 11.2 ± 2.3 6 ± 3.1 fourteen patentable method 0.91 ± 0.5 7 ± 1,5 fifteen thermostat 23.4 ± 1.1 4.5 ± 0.9

The table shows that ticks N. notoedres from scrapings of the skin in the presence of 10% caustic soda came out in the amount of 2 ± 1.4 specimens from the sample for 11 ± 2.8 minutes. When 0.1% gentian violet in dimethyl sulfoxide concentrate was added, the tick exit time was 0.45 ± 0.18 minutes and 7.5 ± 2.1 ticks were found.

Ticks of Psoroptes cuniculi in the presence of 10% caustic soda came out for 21 ± 1.4 minutes; the number of ticks detected was 5 ± 1.4 specimens. In the study of scraping by the vital method, ticks were found after 16.5 ± 4.9 minutes. The patented method made it possible to detect 7.5 ± 0.7 ticks in scrapings, and the exit time was 0.87 ± 0.17 minutes.

Similar results were obtained when examining skin scrapings from cattle infected with Psoroptes bovis. Ticks came out of the crusts with the patented method for 0.92 ± 0.1 minute, and with other methods much later.

When examining skin scraping from cats infected with Otodectes cynotis, it was found that ticks appeared 0.12 ± 0.1 minutes. In samples where other methods were used, ticks came out much later.

Literature

1. Dubinin, V. B. Scabies mites / VB Dubinin // publishing house “Soviet science”. - M., 1954. - 172 p.

2. Kerbabaev E.B. Arachnoentomoses of farm animals / E.B. Kerbabaev, F.I. Vasilevich, T. S. Kataeva and others // Textbook for universities. - M., 2000 .-- 136 s.

3. Priselkova D.O. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of scabies / D.O. Priselkova // Veterinary medicine. - No. 12. - 1949. - S.12-15.

4. Rogozina I.E. Treatment of dogs with otodectosis / I.E. Rogozin, V.I.Romensky, A.N. Shinkarenko, etc. // Thesis. doc. 55th scientific conference of the Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Kostroma State Agricultural Academy”, Kostroma, 2004, v.2., P.156-157.

5. Tokarev A.N. The study of the activity of "Insectoacaricide - D" / A.N. Tokarev // Mat. scientific and practical conf. "The contribution of young scientists to industry science, taking into account current trends in the development of agribusiness." - M., 2008 .-- S.265-266.

6. Snore N.N. Clinical and morphological characteristics of dog demodicosis. / N.N. Khrapay // Mat. All-Russian. scientific and methodological conference of pathologists of veterinary medicine. - Omsk, 2000 .-- S.389-392.

7. Chic G.Z. To the methodology of laboratory research of the material for the presence of scabies mites / G.Z.Shik // Veterinary medicine. - No. 7. - 1947. - S.18-19.

8. Shustrova M.V. Some issues of the epizootology of carnivore otodectosis and measures to combat this invasion / M.V. Shustrova // Sixth All-Union Acarological Conference. Ashgabat. - 1990. - S. 46-47.

Claims (1)

A method for the diagnosis of sarcoptoidosis, including scraping from affected areas of the skin of animals, characterized in that a 0.1% solution of gentian violet in dimethyl sulfoxide concentrate is added to the test material, after which the contents are mixed and examined under a microscope to detect ticks.