RU2476272C1 - Centrifugal unit for separation fluid from fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device is designed to separate fluids from fibrous or other materials by centrifugation and may be used for separation oil and oil products from fibrous sorbent. Proposed unit comprises housing with detachable cover to accommodate vertical perforated rotary drum with working chamber to accommodate proportioned portions of fibrous material. Said drum features diameter D and has lengthwise cylindrical-shape recesses of radius R=Dsin(360/4z) with their equidistant geometrical axes located at the distance from drum axis equal to half the drum diameter. Quantity z of said lengthwise recesses equals that of fibrous material portions accommodated in the drum. Aforesaid detachable cover in drum working chamber accommodates nozzle device with tangential channels and those directed against drum rotation. Said channels are communicated with gaseous power carriers.

EFFECT: higher separation factor.

Description

The invention relates to the field of household and industrial equipment for separating liquids from fibrous or other materials and products by centrifugation and can be used to separate oil and oil products from a fibrous sorbent that has absorbed these products during the elimination of oil spills and oil products on water or solid surfaces at low temperatures .

The problem of eliminating the consequences of an oil spill on water surfaces is currently relevant. For this purpose, multiple use fibrous sorbents are used. When using them, the problem arises of separating oil from the sorbent to ensure the possibility of its reuse and the return of oil to commodity circulation. To solve this problem, use centrifuges similar to the well-known centrifuges for pressing clothes used in everyday life. The difficulty in solving this problem lies in the fact that oil, unlike water, has a high viscosity, which increases significantly with decreasing ambient temperature, therefore, the use of well-known centrifugal units at low temperatures, when the task is to eliminate oil spills on water surfaces in winter, not always possible.

Known centrifugal installation for separating liquid from fibrous material [1], comprising a housing inside which a perforated rotary drum is vertically mounted, having a working cavity for accommodating mass-normalized fluid-saturated fibrous material, as well as a sealing plate, cover.

The disadvantage of this installation for separating liquid from fibrous material is the low coefficient of extraction of fibrous materials from viscous liquids at low temperatures, determined by the ratio of the mass of dry fibrous material to the mass of fibrous material after saturation with liquid and processing in a centrifugal installation, as well as the uneven distribution of portions of squeezed material inside the working cavity of the drum, leading to a violation of its balance, which does not allow to increase the speed of rotation b a slave, and thus the squeezing ratio, due to the occurrence of vibration.

Closest to the proposed technical essence is a centrifugal installation for separating liquids from fibrous materials [2], containing a cylindrical body in which a perforated drum with a vertical axis of rotation with a working cavity is placed to accommodate portions of squeezed material, normalized by mass, and a cover, interlocked with a switch.

The disadvantage of this installation for separating liquid from fibrous material is also the low coefficient of squeezing of fibrous materials from viscous liquids at low temperatures, due to an increase in the viscosity of the liquid at low temperatures and the uneven distribution of portions of squeezed material inside the working cavity of the drum, leading to a violation of its balance, which does not allows you to increase the speed of rotation of the drum, and thus the squeeze factor, due to the occurrence of vibration.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the coefficient of squeezing of fibrous materials from viscous liquids at low temperatures.

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that in a known centrifugal installation for separating liquid from a fibrous material containing a housing with a removable lid, in which a perforated rotating drum with a working cavity is vertically placed to accommodate mass-normalized portions of the processed fibrous material, the perforated rotating a drum with a diameter D has longitudinal hollows of a cylindrical shape with a radius R = Dsin (360 / 4z), the geometric axes of which are placed at the same distance from a friend and at a distance from the drum axis equal to half the diameter of the drum and the number z of which is equal to the number of placed portions of fibrous material, which ensures uniform placement of portions of the processed material in the working cavity of the drum without disturbing the balance and increasing its rotation speed without increasing vibration, leading to an increase the coefficient of extraction of fibrous materials from viscous liquids at low temperatures, a nozzle device is placed on a removable cover in the working cavity of the drum with tangential and directed against the direction of rotation of the drum channels connected to the source of the gaseous energy carrier, which allows to reduce the viscosity of the liquid saturated with fibrous material by increasing the processing temperature, increases the relative speed of the meeting of the gaseous energy carrier flows with the processed material, provides the ability to rotate portions of the processed material in depressions drum under the action of aerodynamic forces acting on portions of material with a hundred ones gaseous energy streams issuing from the tangential channels of the nozzle device, which increases the squeezing ratio of fibrous materials from viscous liquids at low temperatures.

When assessing the compliance of the complex of new features of the fiber-forming device with the criterion of "significant differences" according to the information sources available to the authors and the applicant, it was not possible to find signs similar to those claimed in the known technical solutions.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a centrifugal installation for separating liquid from a fibrous material, figure 2 is a cross section of the installation, figure 3 is a design diagram explaining the derivation of the relationship between the diameter of the drum D, the radius of the depressions R and their number z on the example at z = 4.

The centrifugal installation for separating liquid from the fibrous material contains a housing 1 with a removable cover 2, in which a perforated rotary drum 3 is vertically placed, with a working cavity 4 for placement of normalized mass portions of the processed fibrous material 5. The perforated rotary drum 3 of diameter D has longitudinal hollows 6 of a cylindrical shape with a radius R = Dsin (360 / 4z). The geometric axis 7 of the depressions 6 are placed at the same distance from each other and at a distance L from the axis of the drum 3, equal to half the diameter D of the drum. The number z of depressions 6 is equal to the number of placed portions of fibrous material. The minimum number of depressions 6 is equal to two: while they are located opposite each other. The maximum number of depressions 6, which can be taken from 4 to 6, and their volume are determined constructively, depending on the number and volume of loaded portions of the processed fibrous material. On a removable cover 2 in the working cavity 4 of the drum 3 there is a nozzle device 8 with channels 9 tangentially and directed against the direction of rotation of the drum 3, connected by a pipe 10 to a source 11 of gaseous energy carrier. The gaseous energy carrier may be air or steam heated to a temperature not higher than the melting temperature of the fibrous material.

A centrifugal installation for separating liquid from fibrous material works as follows. Before starting the operation of the centrifugal installation, remove the cover 2. From the working cavity 4 of the perforated drum 3, place in the longitudinal cavities 6 equal to the mass of a portion of the liquid-saturated fibrous material 5, for example, an oil-saturated fiber sorbent and close the cover 2. Turn on the gaseous energy carrier 11. In the working cavity 4 of the drum 3 through the nozzle device 8 with tangential and directed against the direction of rotation of the drum 3 channels 9 begins to flow a gaseous energy carrier 11. Under The action of the aerodynamic forces from the energy carrier stream flowing from the channel 9, the fibrous material 5 begins to scroll in longitudinal depressions 6 around their geometrical axes 7, thereby on all sides by a stream of gaseous energy is processed. The temperature of the liquid with which the fibrous material is saturated rises, and as a result, its viscosity decreases, which leads to an increase in the squeezing coefficient. Turn on the electric drive of rotation of the drum 3. The drum 3 starts to rotate, and under the influence of centrifugal forces, liquid is separated from the fibrous material 5, which merges through the hole in the lower part of the housing 1 into a receiving container (not shown in the figures). After liquid separation occurs, turn off the supply of gaseous energy carrier 11, turn off the electric drive, open the cover 2 with the nozzle device 8, and remove the pressed fiber material 5.

Thus, the proposed centrifugal installation for separating the liquid from the fibrous material allows to increase the coefficient of squeezing the fibrous material from the liquid at low temperatures. Therefore, for example, when using such a device for separating oil from a fibrous sorbent in the process of eliminating oil spills on the water surface, a reduction in the consumption of fibrous sorbent and a long-term preservation of its sorption properties are ensured. The technical reproducibility of the installation and the results of its work are confirmed by testing a prototype. The average of ten repeated experiments, the coefficient of oil extraction from the fibrous sorbent in the form of staple polyethylene terephthalate fiber with an average fiber diameter of 10 to 20 μm at an ambient temperature of 22 ° C was 0.92. In the comparative examples, the use of the proposed centrifugal installation for separating the liquid from the fibrous material made it possible to double the squeeze coefficient.

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate SU 1444425 A1. Volynets S.T. D06F 49/00, D06B 15/10. Publ. 15.12.1988.

2. USSR author's certificate SU 220219 A1. Shelamonov Z.G. D06F 49/00, B04 B9 / 12. Published 01.01.1968.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal apparatus for separating liquid from a fibrous material, comprising a housing with a removable cover, in which a perforated rotary drum with a working cavity is vertically mounted to accommodate mass-normalized portions of the processed fibrous material, characterized in that the perforated rotary drum with a diameter D has longitudinal cavities of a cylindrical forms of radius R = Dsin (360 / 4z), the geometric axes of which are placed at the same distance from each other and at a distance from the axis of the drum, is At half the diameter of the drum, and the number z of which is equal to the number of placed portions of fibrous material, a nozzle device with tangential channels directed against the direction of rotation of the drum and connected to a source of gaseous energy carrier is placed on a removable cover in the working cavity of the drum.