RU2475659C1 - Horizontal vibration damper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: vibration damper includes a controlled elastic deformation device with thrust flanges and buffer between them and a controllable shackle rod. Shackle rod includes drive and driven parts, an elongated nut with locknuts. Drive part of the rod is connected to vibration source, and driven part is connected to moving thrust flange. Damping device is made of arc-shaped steel rope pieces bent along hyperbola, the ends of which are directed towards the periphery of thrust flanges and fixed with hold-down rings. Elastic element is made of springs with adjustable means consisting of plates and screws with locknuts.

EFFECT: achieving vibration protection in wide range of operating frequencies and possibility of controlling elastic and damping characteristics of vibration damper.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vibration dampers of horizontal vibrations and can be used in any field, for example, in shipbuilding, aircraft building, nuclear energy, power engineering, automotive for protecting various objects from vibration, shock and shock.

Vibration dampers are known, for example, stops described in the Yugoslavian journal "BRODOGRANDIA XXX" No. 5 for 1982, p.263 [1].

Disadvantages of emphasis:

1. The force of the preliminary tension in the bar during engine operation is not regulated (mechanical stops);

2. The complexity of the design, the high cost of manufacture and operation (hydraulic emphasis);

3. Insufficient adaptability to deformations of the ship structure and a narrow range of stiffness adjustment, and in the event of an accident such stops will not save the engine from damage (friction stop).

Also known vibration damper - emphasis on the transverse mounting of the upper part of the engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2047505, class. B60K 5/12, F16F 7/14, 1995 [2], containing a draft of two channels, which at one end through two pairs of friction plates, a vibration damping element made in the form of a sleeve installed in the eye with the help of fasteners, is connected to engine, and the other end - with the platform (pillers, frame, etc.) design. The latter differs from the first in that instead of the holes made in the nodes, grooves are made.

Vibration-damping bushings installed in the holes of the eyes create acoustic barriers (bridges) between the eyes and the studs of the unit - a friction element with a stop rod.

A sensitive assembly, for example, from the engine side, mainly helps to reduce the amplitudes of low- and mid-frequency vibrations, and from the side of attachment to the platform, firstly, it allows the stop to adapt to deformations of the ship's hull and, secondly, it prevents engine damage in cases of ship accident. The friction force is regulated by tightening the bolt.

The disadvantages of the emphasis are:

1. Universality in application for other engines;

2. Limited regulation range;

3. Performance only in the transverse direction, limited by the possibility of deformation;

4. Low ability to ensure the effectiveness of shockproof protection;

5. Reduced vibration in a narrow range of operating frequencies.

The invention is aimed at improving the known horizontal vibration dampers (hereinafter vibration dampers) of the upper part of the internal combustion engine.

The technical result of this invention are:

1. The ability to vary and adjust the elastic and damping characteristics of the vibration damper;

2. The spatial work of the elastic and damping elements of the vibration damper, that is, work on compression, tension, shear, kink and torsion;

3. Providing both vibration isolation and shockproof protection at the same time, that is, reducing the impact on the vibration source, for example, a marine engine of shock shocks coming from the hull;

4. The effectiveness of vibration protection in a wide range of operating frequencies (multi-frequency vibration damper).

These distinctive features are achieved by the fact that:

1. The vibration damper comprises an adjustable elastic damping device with a buffer and an adjustable composite rod;

2. The composite rod contains a driving and driven part, an elongated nut with locknuts, while the leading part is connected on one side to a vibration source, and on the other to an elongated nut, the driven part of the rod is connected to an elongated nut on the one hand, and on the other hand - with a movable thrust flange of an elastic damping device;

3. Elastic-damping device consists of damping and elastic elements;

4. The damping device is made of arcuate segments of a steel cable bent along a hyperbole to the axis of an elastic damping device, the ends of which are directed and fixed directly or by pressure rings to the periphery of its supporting flanges;

5. The elastic element is made of springs with adjustable means consisting of plates, screws with locknuts.

Moreover, the said elastic element of the elastic damping device is made of: cylindrical, or conical, or concentric springs; combined of single and concentric coil springs; combined of single, concentric and conical coil springs in various combinations; with different wire diameters, number and pitch of turns.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the vibration damper, and figure 2 is a top view of the vibration damper - along A-A (figure 1).

Designations of parts and assemblies

Figure 1 - General view of the vibration damper.

Figure 2 - View of the vibration damper from above - along aa (figure 1).

1 - the leading part of the composite thrust;

2 - driven part of the composite thrust;

3 - elongated nut;

4, 5 - locknuts;

6 - flange of the driven part of the composite thrust;

7 - means for attaching the thrust to the vibration source, for example, the upper part of the engine behind the turbocharger;

8 - source of vibration;

9 - hull construction or set (pillers, frame, etc.);

10 - means for attaching the driven part of the composite rod to an elastic damping device;

11 - an elastic element made of springs with adjustable means (16, 19, 20);

12 - a damping element made of arcuate segments of a steel cable, curved along a hyperbole to the axis of an elastic damping device;

13 - movable flange;

14 - fixed flange;

15 - fixed support plates;

16 - movable support plates;

17 - a clamping ring;

18 - screws;

19 - adjusting screw spring 11;

20 - a locknut of an adjusting screw 19;

21 - means for fastening the fixed flange 14 of the elastic damping device;

22 - buffer.

Holes, channels, threads, etc.

B - welding, or casting, or pressing;

C, D - ends of the damping rope element 12;

E is the annular surface of the fixed flange;

F, G - semicircular radial grooves;

H - radial holes in which the ends C of the cable elements 12 are mounted and fixed by welding B or by casting or pressing;

J, K - the right thread on the leading 1 part of the composite thrust and the left thread on the driven 2 parts of the composite thrust;

M-N - the axis of the springs 11;

0 - recess plate 16 of the spring 11.

The horizontal vibration damper comprises an adjustable elastic damping device with a buffer and an adjustable composite traction.

The composite rod contains a leading 1 and a driven 2 parts, an elongated nut 3 with locknuts 4, 5, while the leading part 1 is connected on one side by fastening means 7 with a vibration source 8, and on the other with an elongated nut 3, the driven part of the rod 2 s on the one hand is connected to an elongated nut 3, and on the other hand, to a movable stop flange 13 of an elastic damping device.

Elastic-damping device consists of elastic 11 and damping 12 elements, movable 13 and fixed 14 stop flanges. The fixed stop flange directly rests against the body structure or set 9 (pillers, frame, etc.).

The elastic element 11 is made of springs with adjustable means consisting of movable 15 and fixed 16 plates, screws 19 with locknuts 20. The fixed stop flange 14 is attached to the housing structure or set 9 (pillers, frame, etc.) by means of fixing means 21.

The damping element 12 is made of arcuate segments of a steel cable bent along a hyperbole to the axis of an elastic damping device, the ends B, D of which are directed and fixed directly or by pressure rings 17 to the periphery of its support flanges 13, 14. A buffer 22 is located between the stop flanges 13 and 14.

Said elastic element 11 of the elastic damping device is made of cylindrical or conical or concentric springs; combined of single and concentric coil springs; combined of single, concentric and conical coil springs in various combinations; with different wire diameters, number and pitch of turns.

The stop flanges 13, 14 can be made with an annular surface E or with semicircular radial grooves F, the number of which is equal to the number of cable segments, and a corresponding clamping ring 17 with radial grooves G or radial holes H, in which the ends C of the cable elements 12 and fixed by welding B, or by pressing, or by casting.

The ends D in the grooves F, G in figure 1 are fixed by a clamping ring 17 and screws 18.

Pre-regulation of the vibration damper characteristics is carried out by means of a thrust, for which the thrust is made integral with right and left threaded threads at opposite ends J, K, which are rigidly connected and fixed by an elongated nut 3 and locknuts 4, 5, and wheel adjustment - by means of adjusting means 16 , 19, 20 of the spring 11.

The screws 19 are installed in the threaded holes located on the axes M-N of the springs 11. The position of the plate 16 is fixed by the end face of the screw 19 in the recess 0.

1, 2, for example, eighteen segments of the cable 12 and the same number of springs 11 are shown. In the vibration damping device, the elastic springs 11 and the damping - cable elements 12 are structurally combined.

Compared with rubber elastic elements, spring elements have a significantly longer service life, their elastic characteristics are less dependent on external conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.), have a wide range of stiffness, are not capable of creep deformation, but do not have a damping effect. The damping effect is provided by the cable elements 12. The working parts of the cable segments have the required bearing capacity and large damping. During loading, they experience bending, torsion and compression. They withstand vibration and linear overloads well, withstand repeated impacts of high intensity with a duration of 0.05-0.1 s. They have an absorbing capacity close to springs, and in dispersing power they surpass MR (metal rubber). With increasing mass of the protected object or the amplitude of the disturbance, the resonant frequency of the cable elements 12 and the vibration damping device as a whole decreases.

Thus, the combination of two types of elements in a vibration damping device (springs - cable) contributes to the overall effect of the device. Another important feature is the ability to adjust the characteristics not only due to the provided composite design of the rod, but most importantly, the ability to adjust the tension of the elastic elements, especially the springs 11. In addition, due to the possibility of placing a sufficiently large number of springs 11 between the support flanges 13, 14, some of them can be installed without tension, and part with tension, or all without tension, or all with tension, etc. subject to the symmetry of loading in a circle.

The latter feature allows you to significantly change: firstly, the characteristics of the vibration damper, and secondly, to ensure its operation for various objects depending on the nature of their operation under operating conditions: state, for example, sea, ship behavior (roll, trim, shock phenomena, at ice conditions, storms, etc.).

Based on these features, the vibration damper ensures the normal and trouble-free operation of the marine diesel engine (main or auxiliary).

The ability to adjust thrusts 1, 2 and 19, 20 by elements 3, 4, 5 allows achieving the optimum effect of vibration damper operation for a specific mode and operating conditions, as well as the possibility of using the same stop for other engines or any other objects with a similar problem without significant - special alterations.

If the emphasis is provided only on one side of the diesel engine, then in some cases it is preferable to use two vibration dampers. The expediency of this option lies in the fact that with vibration displacements directed to the engine, the elastic damping device to the left of the housing structure 9 is relatively passive, i.e. the tension of the springs 11 decreases or the springs are unloaded, and the cable elements are “straightened”, while the elastic damping device on the right is actively involved in operation, i.e. compression of the springs 11 and the cable segments 12.

With vibration displacements directed from the engine, the reverse mechanism of action occurs, which ensures more efficient vibration damping. If an emphasis is provided on both sides of the diesel engine, then one elastic-damping device is provided for each emphasis.

When the engine is running, the vibrational energy through the rods 1, 2 with elements 3, 4, 5 is reflected by the springs 11, and the irreversible transformation of the energy of mechanical vibrations due to hysteretic friction into heat - by elastic cable elements 12.

To check the effectiveness of adjusting the elastic damping device and the draft as a whole, you can use, for example, electronic or mechanical vibrometers. The latter, as usual, is available on each vessel, and maintenance personnel use them to monitor the vibrational state of a diesel or other ship installation.

The buffer 22 of the elastic damping device (figure 1) provides both vibration and shock protection.

The elastic damping device separately can also be used as side and end stops of sub-motor frames, for example, diesel generators, as well as supporting vibration isolators in any technical field.

Information sources

1. "BRODOGRANDIA XXX" No. 5 for 1982, p.263 (Yugoslav magazine).

2. An emphasis of cross fastening of the top part of the engine. RF patent No. 2047505, cl. B60K 5/12, F16F 7/14, 1995 (prototype).

Claims (5)

1. Vibration damper of horizontal vibrations, characterized by the presence of adjustable elastic damping device and a composite rod containing a driving and driven parts, an elongated nut with locknuts, while the leading part is connected on one side to a vibration source, and on the other to an elongated nut, the driven part of the rod with on the one hand is connected to an elongated nut, and on the other hand, to a movable thrust flange of an elastic damping device consisting of a damping element made of arcuate segments of steel about a cable bent along a hyperbole to the axis of an elastic damping device, the ends of which are directed and fixed directly or by clamping rings to the periphery of its thrust flanges, and an elastic element made of springs with adjustable means consisting of plates and screws with locknuts, while between the thrust flanges located buffer. 2. The vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the said elastic element of the elastic damping device is made of cylindrical or conical or concentric springs. 3. The vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the said elastic element is made combined of single and concentric cylindrical springs. 4. The vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the said elastic element is made combined of single cylindrical, concentric and conical springs in various combinations. 5. Vibration damper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the springs of said elastic element are made with different wire diameters, number and pitch of turns.

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