RU2475287C1 - Extinguishing binary chemo-condensation composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment, namely to extinguishing binary chemo-condensation compositions that can be used for volume, area or local application fire suppression of class A, B, C, and phlegmatisation of explosive means in confined space. The extinguishing composition includes gaseous phlegmatiser - propellant of carbon dioxide mixed with nitrogen or air, liquid alkaline phlegmatiser - aqueous ammonia or its derivatives, and acid neutraliser. As an alkaline phlegmatiser the composition comprises a mixture of aqueous ammonia of gross formula NH₃·nH₂O, where n=0.5÷4 with a neutral inhibitor - fluorinated film-forming foam-generator and/or solution of cesium salt, and as an acid neutraliser and the propellant the mixture of carbon dioxide with the pressure stabiliser - nitrogen or air and antifreeze is taken at the following ratio of components (wt %): alkaline phlegmatiser with the neutral inhibitor - 30-60, acid neutraliser - propellant is the rest. When mixing of the composition components a cluster type finely dispersed aerosol is formed.

EFFECT: invention provides obtaining of a water based binary chemo-condensation composition which has high values of heat production and high efficiency of fire extinguishing at high environmental friendliness, technological effectiveness and safety of the composition.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of fire fighting equipment, namely to extinguishing binary chemocondensation compositions.

The proposed composition can be used for volumetric, areal and local fire extinguishing of class A, B, C and phlegmatization of explosive means in a limited space.

State of the art

Known binary chemocondensation composition, consisting of an alkaline part based on liquid ammonia or its derivatives with a gas propellant and from the acid part - an aqueous 50-80% solution of phosphoric acid with carbon dioxide or its mixture with air (RF Patent No. 2393901 from 07/10/2008 g .).

The disadvantage of this composition is, firstly, the chemical aggressiveness of orthophosphoric acid, which forces the consumer of this composition to use expensive cylinders of high alloy steels (see NN Postnikov. “Thermal acid, salts and fertilizers based on it.” M .: “ Chemistry, 1976, p.335, and secondly, the use of liquid ammonia in production is dangerous due to the high toxicity of ammonia vapors, the possibility of thermal burns (local supercooling) when it comes into contact with human skin, and thirdly, gaseous ammonia with air creates adult hazardous mixtures.

The main disadvantage of this binary chemocondensation composition that we have chosen for the prototype is its low exotherm, which does not allow the saturation of water vapor, which reduces the oxygen concentration in the fire source to a critical level, during the quenching during the synthesis of the extinguishing agent (OT) of ammonium phosphate in the fire zone .

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the creation of a fire extinguishing binary chemocondensation water-based, which, when combined (during spraying), has increased heat generation values that translate liquid water into steam, which ultimately increases the efficiency of fire extinguishing while increasing environmental friendliness, manufacturability, safety and reducing material costs. In this case, when spraying and mixing the binary composition, a finely dispersed cluster-type aerosol is formed.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a fire extinguishing binary chemocondensation composition, including gaseous phlegmatizer-propellant, carbon dioxide mixed with nitrogen or air, liquid alkaline phlegmatizer - aqueous ammonia or its derivatives, a mixture of aqueous ammonia gross formula NH is used as alkaline phlegmatizer ₃ · nH ₂ O, where n = 0.5 ÷ 4 with a neutral inhibitor - a fluorinated film-forming foaming agent and / or a solution of cesium salt (halide, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate) in the ratio of aqueous ammonia: neutral the inhibitor is from 99: 1 to 80:20, and a mixture of dioxide with a pressure stabilizer - nitrogen or air and antifreeze - alkyl carbinol and / or alkyl ketone with the following composition components (wt.%) was taken as an acid neutralizer and propellant:

neutral inhibitor alkaline phlegmatizer 30-60 acid neutralizer - propellant rest.

The physical nature of the invention

The physical essence of this invention lies in the use of internal energy (enthalpy) of the starting components in the synthesis of a new extinguishing agent (or substances), which according to the laws of thermodynamics can be either positive (an exothermic reaction that proceeds with the release of heat), and endothermic (synthesis with forced heating ) Consider in our case two types of reaction for the production of OTV: ammonium phosphate and ammonium carbonate:

NH ₃ + NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ → (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ +780 kJ / kg,

those. upon receipt of 1 kg of ammophos (a mixture of mono- and diammonium phosphate), an average of ≈800 kJ is released.

Given that they use 70% phosphoric acid, energy will be released accordingly: 800 kJ · 0.7 = 560 kJ.

1 dm ^{3 of} water when it is transferred to a gaseous state (i.e., at t≥100 ° C) gives 1700 dm ^{3 of} steam, i.e. with 1 kg of water we get 1.7 m ^{3 of} steam. To convert 1 kg of water to steam at t = 0 ° C, 2675 kJ / kg (or 640 kcal / kg) is required. Thus, in the synthesis of 1 kg of ammophos according to the patent prototype can be converted into steam: 560 kJ: 2675 kJ = 0.2 kg of water or get 1.7 m ³ / kg · 0.2 kg = 0.34 m ^{3 of} steam.

According to the proposed version of the application for the invention, the reactions will go as follows:

Ammonium bicarbonate NH ₄ HCO ₃ already decomposes at 20 ° C into NH ₄ OH - a strong combustion inhibitor and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) - phlegmatizer. Thus, with 1 kg of a thermal mixture of binary composition according to the invention, we obtain: 0.45 kg of ammonium hydrate (NH ₄ OH) and 0.55 kg of CO ₂ , which corresponds to 1 m ³ CO ₂ . According to reaction (2), 3.4 kg of water can be converted into steam, i.e. get 1.7 m ³ × 3.4 kg = 5.78 m ³ steam and 1 m ³ carbon dioxide. Hence we get that the gas composition of the phlegmatizer, the proposed composition in (5.78 + 1) m ³ : 0.34 m ³ : ≈ 20 times can exceed the prototype composition according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2393901. Aqueous ammonia is a liquid fertilizer and is not only a non-corrosive, low-toxic and environmentally friendly substance, but also an order of magnitude cheaper than phosphoric acid. It should be borne in mind that cesium salts dissolve perfectly in aqueous ammonia, which, when evaporated from a solution, form a cluster aerodisperse system.

Resistance to coagulation of the dispersed phase of the formed aerosol is ensured by a surfactant, a fluorinated film-forming foaming agent, which gives the aerosol particle a certain electric charge, which counteracts the coagulation of ultrafine particles of a fire extinguishing aerosol.

The combination of new components in combination with new ratios and known ones allows you to select formulations with desired properties and get new positive effects.

The best embodiment of the invention.

Ingredients of the composition have a wide industrial base, are scarce, cheap, environmentally friendly and do not corrode equipment.

The proposed extinguishing binary chemocondensation composition is equipped in two different containers: acid and alkaline. The first cylinder is equipped with carbon dioxide (the main propellant), nitrogen or air (pressure stabilizer, which reduces the very strong barometric dependence of carbon dioxide on temperature) and antifreeze, for example, ethyl alcohol and / or dimethyl ketone. In an alkaline container, aqueous ammonia, surfactant and a solution of cesium salts are equipped. Instead of cesium salts, it is allowed to use its hydroxide.

Recipes and the main characteristics of the composition of the prototype are shown in the table.

As can be seen from the data in the table, the claimed composition for gas (steam) performance exceeds the prototype by 8-34 times, while the composition does not corrode ferrous metal equipment and apparatus, is not explosive, not toxic, and belongs to the low-hazard 4th class hazard categories.

Table. A. Composition components Prototype RF patent 2393901 Content, wt.% (Options) B. Characteristics one 2 3 four 5 6 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 A. Liquid ammonia 8-10 - - - - - - Water 20-40 - - - - - - Carbon dioxide + air 3-7 - - - - - - Orthophosphoric acid 40-48 - - - - - - Propellant - Nitrogen rest - - - - - - Acid Converter carbon dioxide - 56.0 49.5 38.8 56.0 49.5 38.8 nitrogen or air - 10.5 4.0 0.8 10.5 3.0 0.8 antifreeze: ethanol - 3,5 1,5 - - 1,0 0.2 dimethyl ketone - - - 0.4 3,5 1,5 0.2 Alkaline Phlegmatizer water ammonia - 29.7 40.5 48 29.7 40.5 48 AAAF surfactant - 0.3 2,5 6 - one 2 cesium chloride - - 2.0 - - - - cesium sulfate - - - 6 - - 2 cesium carbonate - - - - 0.3 - 2 cesium iodide - - - - - 1,5 2 cesium bromide - - - - - 2 2 cesium phosphate 2 B. Characteristics 1. The output of the gaseous phlegmatizer with 1 kg of the mixture, m ³ / kg 0.2-0.34 0.95-2.38 0.95-2.38 0.95-2.38 0.95-2.38 0.95-2.38 0.95-2.38 2. Aggressiveness to ferrous metals + - -

Claims (2)

1. Fire extinguishing binary chemocondensation composition, including a gaseous phlegmatizer-propellant carbon dioxide mixed with nitrogen or air, a liquid alkaline phlegmatizer - aqueous ammonia or its derivatives and an acid neutralizer, characterized in that a mixture of gross aqueous ammonia of formula _{3 is} taken as an alkaline phlegmatizer · NH ₂ O, where n = 0.5-4, with a neutral inhibitor - a fluorinated film-forming foaming agent and / or a solution of cesium salt at a ratio of aqueous ammonia: neutral inhibitor from 99: 1 to 80:20, and as a mixture of carbon dioxide with a pressure stabilizer — nitrogen or air and antifreeze — was taken for the acid neutralizer and the propellant at a ratio of carbon dioxide: pressure stabilizer: antifreeze from 80: 15: 5 to 97: 2: 1 with the following ratios of the components of the composition, wt.%:
neutral inhibitor alkaline phlegmatizer 30-60 acid neutralizer - propellant rest 2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the halide, or sulfate, or phosphate, or cesium carbonate is taken as the cesium salt, and alkyl carbinol and / or alkyl ketone are taken as antifreeze.