RU2474042C1 - Method to receive electric energy from low-capacity sources of power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: difference of the proposed invention consists in accumulation of electric charges with high potential, and then the accumulator is periodically discharged to a receiver arranged in the form of an accumulating capacitor connected in parallel with the electric energy accumulator.

EFFECT: invention provides for accumulation of pulses low according to generated capacity with subsequent transformation of accumulated potential into production of electric energy sufficient for power supply to different loads.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, and in particular to methods for generating electrical energy from low-power sources of power, for example, piezoelectric elements mounted on a surface along which moving objects move.

A known method of producing electrical energy from low-power sources of power described in the patent (RU 2095265 C1, 02.20.2011).

In the known method, piezoelectric elements are installed on the surface, converting the mechanical pressure into a difference in electric potentials, and arrange them at a certain distance between each other. The pressure of the wheels of vehicles, in the future, is used to produce electrical energy.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not disclose the mechanism of utilization of the obtained electrical energy released by low-power sources of power. Meanwhile, it is the mechanism of transmission of electricity to the consumer that is the key to the introduction of such sources. It is known that under unilateral pressure, for example, on a piezoelectric element, it generates a unipolar short-term pulse. This impulse is a surge, lasts a few milliseconds and its power is measured in fractions mV · A. Voltage can reach up to 1 kV. It is extremely difficult to use such chaotic low-power impulses having an arbitrary shape for further use.

As a prototype, the method described in the patent (RU 2150170 C1) was selected, in which non-electric energy is converted into electrical energy, the accumulation of electric charges, due to the generation of a small number of electric charges with high electric potential with a decrease in their potential.

The known method allows for the accumulation of electric charges with the subsequent use of the resulting energy to power small electronic circuits.

The disadvantage of this method lies in the fact that it is designed to power small energy consumers. Meanwhile, the use of converters of non-electric energy to electrical energy, in particular, piezoelectric elements, is becoming relevant. Currently, the cost of such elements is low, they are reliable and able to work for a long time without requiring care.

The objective of the invention is to provide the accumulation of small pulses generated by the power with the subsequent conversion of the accumulated potential into electrical energy sufficient to power various consumers.

The technical result is the creation of a method for the accumulation of electrical energy from low-power sources of power with the subsequent conversion of the stored energy into a source convenient for powering various energy consumers.

An additional technical result is the simplification of the conversion system.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of generating electrical energy from low-power power sources built into the roadway, in which non-electrical energy is converted into electrical energy, electric charges are accumulated, followed by conversion of the stored potential into electrical energy, an electric storage device is formed according to the invention charges with high potential, then periodically produce a discharge of the drive to the receiver, made in the form of an optical capacitor connected in parallel with the electric energy accumulator,

The discharge of the drive can be transmitted to the receiver, made in the form of a primary winding of a current transformer, and part of the energy of the drive can be transmitted to the receiver through a rectifier connected to the secondary winding of the specified transformer.

Low-power sources of power can be built into the atomic-roadbed.

Low-power power supplies can be built into the railroad track.

The formation of a drive of large electric charges and fields with high potential, followed by periodic discharge of the drive to the receiver, made in the form of a storage capacitor connected in parallel with the electric energy battery, allows for a simple and reliable mechanism for transferring energy from low-power but numerous power sources to the consumer.

The transfer of energy from the drive to the receiver through the primary winding of the current transformer with the transfer of part of the drive’s energy to the receiver through the rectifier connected to the secondary winding of the specified transformer, reduces dynamic processes during energy transfer.

The integration of low-power sources of power into the atomic-roadbed allows you to receive electricity due to the movement of road transport or when pedestrians move.

The integration of low-power sources of power into the railroad bed, allows you to receive electricity due to the movement of railway transport.

The method of obtaining electrical energy from low-power sources of power is illustrated by two figures.

Figure 1 shows a schematic electrical diagram of an installation that implements the proposed method.

Figure 2 shows a possible form of an electric pulse generated by a low-power source

A device that demonstrates the proposed method for producing electrical energy from low-power power sources is as follows. The high potential electric charge storage device is a hollow metallized ball 1 mounted on an insulating hollow column 2 located in a dry room. The ball can be made of plastic and coated on the outside with aluminum foil. Low-power sources of power, such as piezoelectric elements, 3 are mounted on a solid surface 4. The surface 4 is grounded and connected to the negative electrodes of the piezoelectric elements 3. A roadbed 5 having a certain flexibility is made over the upper faces of the piezoelectric elements. The positive electrodes of all piezoelectric elements 3 are interconnected by a common wire 6. This wire passes under the roadway, inserted through the internal cavity of the column 2 into the ball 1 and connected to its metallized surface. At a certain distance from the ball, an electrically conductive ball-shaped spark gap 7. A distance between the spark gap 7 and the surface of the ball 1 determines the discharge voltage. The spark gap 7, in turn, is connected to the primary winding of the transformer 8. The second end of the primary winding is connected to the storage capacitor 9. A battery 10 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 9. The secondary winding of the transformer 8 is connected to the terminals of the electric energy receiver via a half-wave bridge rectifier 11. This receiver, as was said, is made in the form of a storage capacitor 9, connected in parallel with the electric energy battery 10. The second terminals of the capacitor and battery are grounded. From the receiver, electrical energy is supplied to the consumer (not shown in FIG.).

In some cases, the discharge of the drive is produced at the receiver, made in the form of a storage capacitor connected in parallel with the electric energy battery

The electrical signal generated by a low-power source, in particular, a piezoelectric element, is a unipolar voltage pulse 12 and (Fig. 2) as a function of time t, the form of which, magnitude and shape depend on the magnitude of the pressure, and the speed of external forces acting on it.

Low-power sources of power can be built into the atomic-roadbed 5.

Low-power sources of power can be built into the railroad track 5.

The method of obtaining electrical energy from low-power sources of power operates as follows. Piezoelectric elements 3 mounted on the surface 4 under the influence of the roadbed 5 convert non-electric energy into electrical energy, generating unipolar pulses similar in shape to FIG. 2. The accumulation of electric charges is carried out on the outer surface of the ball 1 by transmitting voltage pulses to it 12. The accumulation process, to some extent, is similar to the formation of voltage in the Van de Graaff generator, with the difference that in the proposed method there is no movable tape, brushes and electrostatic generator. With a certain number of pulses, the electric potential of the ball reaches a threshold value at which the drive is discharged through the spark gap 7 to the receiver, made in the form of a storage capacitor 9 connected in parallel with the battery 10. This option of energy transfer can be accompanied by relatively high current surges and to reduce them it is necessary reduce the distance between ball 1 and spark gap 7.

The discharge of drive 1 can be transmitted to the receiver partially through the primary winding of the transformer 8 and partially through its secondary winding through a half-wave bridge rectifier 11. In this case, current surges are practically absent.

In the case when low-power sources of power are built into the vehicle’s roadbed, under alternating pressure of passing vehicles or when pedestrians move, periodic pressure is applied to the piezoelectric elements, which generate signals to drive 1 with subsequent transmission of the resulting electrical energy to the receiver.

If low-power sources of power are built into the railway bed, for example, as is done in RF patent 2095265, then the signals are generated when passing railway vehicles with their subsequent transmission to the receiver.

Thus, the proposed method for generating electrical energy from low-power sources of power provides the accumulation of large electrical potentials with subsequent periodic discharge to the receiver. It allows you to create a simple, universal and reliable mechanism for transferring energy from multiple power sources to the consumer.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing electric energy from low-power power sources built into the roadway, in which non-electric energy is converted into electric energy, electric charges are accumulated, followed by conversion of the stored potential into electric energy, characterized in that a high potential electric charge storage is formed, then periodically produce a discharge of the drive to the receiver, made in the form of a storage capacitor connected in parallel with battery of electrical energy. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge of the drive is transmitted to the receiver, made in the form of a primary winding of a current transformer, and part of the energy of the drive is transmitted to the receiver through a rectifier connected to the secondary winding of the specified transformer. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that low-power power sources are built into the atomic-roadbed. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that low-power power sources are built into the railway track.

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