RU2473523C1 - Decorating paste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to paste for decorating ceramic articles. The paste contains the following components, wt %: silicon dioxide SiO₂ 25-27; metal oxides 22-24; silicon oxide SiO 13-15; sodium chloride NaCl 5-7; glycerol 12-13; natural latex 0.5-1; silicone oil 2.2-2.5; water - the balance. Metal oxides - colour pigments - are selected from the following compounds: titanium dioxide, chrome yellow, yellow iron oxide, chromium oxide, medium chrome yellow pigment, separately or in a mixture.

EFFECT: low maximum allowable concentration of carcinogenes and cyanides when using the paste for decorating ceramics.

Description

The invention in the form of a paste relates to the production and decoration of ceramic and porcelain products, if necessary, to eliminate harmful technological processes in laboratory research and in the educational process, for example, when students study the technology of decorating ceramics and porcelain, through the use of safe components in the composition of the paste and during firing.

Paste for decorating ceramic and porcelain products, including powder filler, color pigments, solvent and plasticizer, characterized in that it contains silicon dioxide as a color filler, metal oxides as color filler, as well as solvents and plasticizers in a mixture - silicon oxide mixed with sodium chloride, glycerin, latex, silicone oil and water in wt.%: silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 25-27; metal oxides 22-24; silicon oxide SiO 13-15; sodium chloride NaCl 5-7; glycerol 12-13; natural latex 0.5-1; silicone oil 2.2-2.5; water is the rest.

Known decorative paste, consisting of an inorganic powder, mixed with organic material from a mixture: 4 vol. including acetone, 93 vol. including expanded polystyrene with the addition of 4 vol. including turpentine. Patent RU No. 2211851, IPC: C09D 123/34; C09D 5/08, C09D 123/34, C09D 193/04. However, this analogue has the significant drawback that it contains extremely hazardous to health evaporated components.

Known paste, comprising a metered amount of frit and clay component, obtained by co-grinding them by wet method and sieve enrichment in the environment of the spent aqueous solution of the drug Majef. See, for example, RF patent RU No. 2380345, IPC C04 B 41/86. However, the well-known paste is uneconomical, contains many preparatory operations and an unhealthy component in the form of the drug Majef.

Known paste for decorative coating of porcelain by applying layers of a binder, refractory filler in the form of metal oxides and a colorless filler, including an organic binder in wt.% 10-40; metal powder 0.5-35.0; refractory filler - the rest, see patent RU No. 2285575, IPC B22C 1/06, B22C 1/22. However, this technical solution contains that significant drawback, which also contains an unhealthy organic binder, and is also technologically complex, as it contains multiple intermediate operations, which is rational for industrial technologies and is not suitable for the educational process.

However, this paste also contains harmful components during evaporation (pine oil, turpentine, oleic acid), obviously exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (hereinafter referred to as the MPC) in closed educational laboratories.

Also known is a paste for decorating ceramic products, including powder filler, color pigments, solvent and plasticizer, containing the following ratio of components, wt.%: Palladium powder 54-65; manganese carbonate 1-5; ethyl cellulose 0.76-1.9; pine oil 9.4-30.0; turpentine 9-19; oleic acid 0.3-1.5; copper oxide 0.25-1.1; aluminum oxide 0.3-1.5 according to patent RU No.2006077, IPC Н01В 1/02.

However, this paste also contains harmful components during evaporation (pine oil, turpentine, oleic acid), obviously exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (hereinafter referred to as the MPC) in closed educational laboratories.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the proposed invention is a composition (paste) for application to ceramic and porcelain products, including powder filler - silicon dioxide, pigments - metal oxides (titanium dioxide, iron oxide), organic components (binder, plasticizer - polyester polymers, polystyrene, polyacrylamides, etc.), in the following ratio of components, wt.%: silicon dioxide - 0.01-20; pigments - 1-65; organic components - 20-95 (RU 2378230).

However, this paste also contains fatally hazardous and harmful by evaporation components in the form of polyester polymers, polystyrene, polyacrylamide, etc., from 20 to 90 wt.%, Which, when heated above 100 ° С, produce carcinogens and cyanides that obviously exceed the maximum permissible concentration (hereinafter MPC) ) in enclosed spaces of training laboratories.

The technical task of the invention is the creation of a paste for coating ceramics and porcelain, containing silicon dioxide as a powder filler, color pigments - metal oxides, solvents and plasticizers such as glycerin, natural latex and silicone oil that are absolutely harmless when consumed, heated and even burned. In the general composition: silicon oxide in a mixture with sodium chloride, glycerin, latex, silicone oil and water in wt.%: Silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 25-27; metal oxides 22-24; silicon oxide SiO 13-15; sodium chloride NaCl 5-7; glycerol 12-13; natural latex 0.5-1; silicone oil 2.2-2.5; water is the rest.

As pigments of metal oxides, and binders and plasticizers are used separately or in combinations:

titanium dioxide according to GOST 9808-84;

technical carbon in accordance with GOST 7885-86;

lemon lead crowns in accordance with GOST 478-80;

yellow iron oxide pigment according to GOST 18172-80;

chromium oxide in accordance with GOST 2912-79;

ultramarine according to GOST 13483-68;

yellow lead crowns in accordance with GOST 478-80;

pigment red iron oxide according to TU 6-10-602-86;

Glycerin according to GOST 28864-90 or GOST 6259-75

Silicone oil in accordance with GOST 20841.1-75

The technical and decorative effect of the use of paste is achieved by obtaining a working mixture at once and applying a paint layer mixed with other components on the surface of ceramics and porcelain, with the possibility of adjusting the thickness of the layer and obtaining different colors due to the use of metal oxides - pigments of different colors, before being sent to firing oven with standard firing.

An example embodiment of the invention

A paste containing, according to the recipe, an aqueous solution in a mixture of silicon dioxide, color pigments - metal oxides, solvent and plasticizer, including silicon oxide in a mixture with sodium chloride, glycerin, latex, silicone oil in wt.%:

silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 25-27 metal oxides 22-24 silicon oxide SiO 13-15 sodium chloride NaCl 5-7 glycerol 12-13 natural latex 0.5-1 silicone oil 2.2-2.5 water rest.

Evaluation of the properties of the paste for coating ceramic products was carried out in accordance with TU 2313-031-07507802-2000 and the relevant GOSTs. The properties of the paste in comparison with the prototype investigated separately.

Experimentally determined options with extreme and average values of the composition of the components in the mixture (an alternative option was used as a dye - chromium oxide and titanium dioxide):

Option 1, wt.%:

silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 25 metal oxides 22 silicon oxide SiO 13 sodium chloride NaCl 5 glycerol 12 natural latex 0.5 silicone oil 2.2 water rest.

Option 2, wt.%:

silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 26 metal oxides 23 silicon oxide SiO fourteen sodium chloride NaCl 12.57 glycerol 12.5 natural latex 0.75 silicone oil 2,35 water rest.

Option 3, wt.%:

silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 27 metal oxides 24 silicon oxide SiO fifteen sodium chloride NaCl 7 glycerol 13 natural latex one silicone oil 2,5 water rest.

The test results are as follows.

In option 1 - the effect of good saturated color is obtained. Drying and hardening of the surface in air was about 3 hours.

In option 2, the effect of good saturated color is obtained. Drying and hardening of the surface in air was about 2-2.5 hours.

In option 3 - the effect of good saturated color is obtained. Drying and hardening of the surface in air was about 1 hour.

When firing in an oven (over 100 ° C) of the above mixes, no excess of the MPC of carcinogens and cyanides was observed.

The study of the prototype in a specially ventilated box in comparison with the claimed paste showed, respectively, that when fired in an oven, in the same laboratory room, the excess of carcinogens and cyanides of the MPC reached 10-12 times, which was not observed in the finished paste and during firing according to the claimed invention .

Note

1. Outside of optimal options 1 and 3, to a lesser or greater side, there was a sharp deterioration in the quality of the paste in the direction of liquefaction and violation of solidity or faster hardening.

2. When introducing and replacing various metal oxides - color carriers or their mixtures, the same effect of changing the intensity and brightness of colors was preserved.

The results indicate that, in comparison with the prototype, the present invention in the form of a paste has, through the use of alternative components that are safe for humans, a significant sanitary-hygienic effect for the safe conduct of training sessions on the subject of decorative and applied arts for decorating ceramics and porcelain.

Claims (1)

Paste for decorating ceramic and porcelain products, including powder filler, color pigments, solvent and plasticizer, characterized in that it contains silicon dioxide as a powder filler; color pigments - metal oxides: titanium dioxide, lemon lead crown, yellow iron oxide pigment, chromium oxide, yellow lead crown, separately or in a mixture; solvent and plasticizer in the mixture - silicon oxide in a mixture with sodium chloride, glycerin, latex, silicone oil and water in wt.%: silicon dioxide SiO ₂ 25-27; metal oxides 22-24; silicon oxide SiO 13-15; sodium chloride NaCl 5-7; glycerol 12-13; natural latex 0.5-1; silicone oil 2.2-2.5; water is the rest.