RU2470710C1 - Device for adjustment of reduction ratio in screenless hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crushers for grinding ball-shape materials with diameter smaller than length. Proposed device comprises loading bin with two adjusting moving shutters arranged at different height. Top shutter is inclined toward crusher working chamber. Bottom shutter is mounted with reverse inclination angle with respect to top shutter. Said shutters serve to feed corn seeds uniformly and directly to rotor hammers. This allow feeding ground corn to crusher different levels, hence, to increase duration of stay.

EFFECT: higher quality of grinding, uniform grain size, reduced power consumption.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding materials having the form of bodies of revolution, in which the diameter is less than the length, and can be used in the construction, agricultural and other industries.

Known devices for regulating the degree of grinding to a certain size. In sieve crushers, interchangeable sieves with different hole diameters are used to control the grinding module. In addition, it is known that the residence time of the material in the working chamber is one of the significant factors affecting the degree of grinding [Melnikov S.V. Mechanization and automation of livestock farms. - L .: Kolos, 1978, p.101-145].

The main disadvantage of the known devices is the low efficiency of the process of grinding bulk materials, because the grinding module is affected by the frequency of circulation of the material in the working chamber. With an increase in the frequency of circulation of the material, the grinding modulus decreases, and with a decrease in the frequency of circulation, it increases.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the function performed and the effect achieved is a device for controlling the degree of grinding in a sieve-free hammer crusher of feed, containing a loading channel, an adjustment flap and an unloading channel. In a sieve-free hammer crusher, the adjustment flap has a lower base made along the profile of the loading channel and is installed with the possibility of moving along this channel [RU 2137350 C1, 09/20/1999].

A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide an optimal flow of the crushing process, because It does not provide a uniform oriented supply of material, in particular grain, to the working bodies. The design of the lattice-free hammer crusher and the adjustment flap does not allow to adequately control the degree of grinding of the source material, because does not allow changing the residence time of the crushed material in the working chamber of the crusher. Regulation of the degree of grinding of feed is necessary according to zootechnical requirements.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the uniformity of the supply of material and the orientation of the grains relative to the working body, as well as improving the quality and improving the grinding efficiency.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for regulating the degree of grinding of materials in a sieve-free hammer feed mill containing a feed hopper, an adjustment flap, a working chamber and an discharge neck, according to the invention, two adjustment adjusters are installed in the feed hopper along the entire width at different heights at different heights. flaps, while the upper flap is made obliquely towards the working chamber of the crusher, and the lower flap is installed with a reverse angle of inclination relative to Totally upper, a rotor with monolithic hammers with three sharp edges is installed in the working chamber.

New is that the device for regulating the degree of grinding in the sieve-free hammer mill crusher is equipped with two adjustment flaps installed in the feed hopper along its entire width, but at different heights. In addition, a rotor with monolithic hammers is installed in the working chamber.

The installation of two adjustment dampers allows you to adjust the uniform supply of grain material into the working chamber at an angle of repose with the orientation of the center of mass of the grain particle. The flow rate of grain particles is determined by the coefficient of internal friction and is directed vertically to the monolithic hammers, which leads to an increase in the quality of the grinding process.

The presence of a hammer with three sharp edges in the working chamber makes it possible to grind the grain material according to the “impact strike” principle, and then the material strikes the sharp edge of the deck (chipping-cutting), which increases the crushing efficiency.

Thus, the distinguishing features of this device, namely the installation of two inclined shutters, provide a uniform supply of material from the bottom shutter at an angle of repose, providing orientation of the grains relative to monolithic hammers, under the influence of sharp edges of which effective grinding of the material occurs.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a sieve-free hammer crusher with a device for controlling the degree of grinding; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; in Fig 3 is a diagram of the grinding of grain material.

A device for regulating the degree of grinding of feed in a grainless hammer feed mill consists of a housing 1 with a working chamber 2. In the chamber 2 there is a rotor 3 with monolithic hammers 5 pivotally mounted on the axles 4 with three sharp edges, deck 6 and the discharge neck 7. For supplying the original grain material in the working chamber 2 on the casing there is a loading hopper 8, in which there are two adjusting dampers: the upper 9 and lower 10. The dampers are installed across the entire width of the hopper 8, but at different heights with the possibility of moving and I. The upper shutter 9 is made obliquely towards the working chamber 2, and the lower shutter 10 is installed with a reverse angle of inclination relative to the upper shutter 9.

The device operates as follows. The source material is grain having an arbitrary initial speed value, enters the feed hopper 8. Here, as a result of an impact on the upper shutter 9 and, passing through the gap between it and the wall of the feed hopper 8, it falls on the lower shutter 10, where it accumulates. Further, the material (grain) uniformly moves to the exit of the loading hopper under the action of gravity at an angle of repose along the product layer located on the lower shutter 10. Then the material (grain) moves tangentially to the rotation of the rotor 3 and, when exiting the loading hopper 8, is oriented along the path movement so that it has a perpendicular position of the longitudinal axis of the caryopsis relative to the monolithic hammer 5 of the rotor 3 and then goes into the working chamber 2. Having passed two adjustment dampers, the longitudinal line of the grain h the particle, is parallel to the plane of the tips of the cutting edges of hammers (3). In the working chamber 2, the material (grain) falls under the impact of a monolithic hammer 5 (the method of grinding “blow in”) and receives partial destruction (microcracks). With the impact of a monolithic hammer, the speed of the material (grain) increases and it moves along a path directed perpendicular to the stationary face of deck 6. Next, the material (grain) hits the face of the deck and is finally crushed. In addition, the grinding of the material (grain) occurs between the sharp edges of the monolithic hammer and the sharp edges of the edges of the fixed deck (the method of grinding “chipping-slice”). The crushed material (grain) is removed from the working chamber through the discharge neck 7.

The positive effect is as follows.

The design of the loading device 8 with two adjustment flaps 9 and 10 allows you to stabilize the initial flow rate of the material, to eliminate its fluctuations resulting from various external factors. The source material (grain), entering the feed hopper 8, hits the upper shutter 9, rolls along it and accumulates on the lower shutter 10, forming a small layer of material. The next material flow from the shutter 9 with an almost zero initial speed moves at an angle of repose with the grain orientation by the germinal part forward along the layer of material (grain) located on the lower shutter 10 to the exit of the loading hopper. Thus, the speed with which the material (grain) enters the working chamber 2 of the crusher does not depend on any external factors, but is determined by its physical and mechanical properties.

The use of two dampers also serves to smooth out fluctuations in the load, which significantly affects the quality of grinding material in a sieve-free hammer mill. In case of exceeding the nominal value of the load, the material (grain) closes the gap between the upper damper 9 and the hopper body 1, and only the specified amount of the initial mixture enters the working chamber 2 of the crusher. Load regulation is carried out by changing the height of the layer of material (grain) by adjusting the position of the upper and lower shutters. This allows you to feed the crushed material (grain) at different levels into the crusher, thereby changing the time spent in the crusher and, accordingly, the degree of grinding. The presence of two shutters provides the most convenient load control over a wide range for materials with different physical and mechanical properties.

Claims (1)

A device for controlling the degree of grinding of materials in a grainless hammer feed mill, containing an adjustment flap, a loading hopper, a working chamber and an unloading neck, characterized in that two adjustment flaps are installed in the loading hopper across the entire width at different heights with the possibility of movement, while the upper flap made obliquely towards the working chamber of the crusher, and the lower flap is installed with a reverse angle of inclination relative to the upper one, a rotor with olitnymi hammers with three sharp edges.

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