RU2470261C1 - Method to solve special geodetic tasks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention is attributed to the field of topographical surveying, specifically to methods for solving standard topogeodetic tasks. The method to solve geodetic tasks includes performance of field works, which consist in measurement of angles and distances, calculation works, performing which, main formulas of land surveying (topogeography) are used, and graphical layouts with further analytical processing of data using a PC, besides, geodetic tasks are solved on the basis of an onboard PC of a mobile navigation and survey control complex, software of which includes a support module for implementation of such tasks solving along with an appropriate logic, providing for functioning of the "SERVICE TASKS" mode, in which mathematical calculations are automatically performed for solving the following tasks: conversion of complete rectangular coordinates from one zone into another, a direct geodetic task, a reverse geodetic task, calculation of a directional angle of a celestial body for the specified moments of time, calculation of an azimuth based on the results of celestial body observations, direct cut with an oriented device, direct cut on the basis of measured angles, reverse cut with an oriented device, reverse cut according to measured angles, reverse cut according to measured distances, reverse cut according to a measured angle and distance, input data to solve tasks are determined automatically with navigation equipment of a mobile navigation and survey control complex, insufficient data is identified using an external topogeodetic equipment.

EFFECT: creation of a method to solve geodetic tasks within a surveying system.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of surveying, in particular to methods for solving typical surveying problems.

The well-known "Textbook of the Sergeant of the Missile Forces and Artillery of the Ground Forces" for commanders of topographic and geodetic divisions and topographic detachments, book 4, approved by the commander of the missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces, edited by V.V.

The textbook outlines the basic elements (method) of solving typical geodetic problems, adopted as a prototype. In solving these problems, certain mathematical dependencies are used, which are called the basic formulas of geodesy (topography). The content and scope of field and computational work depend on the requirements for the results of topographic and geodetic reference, the nature of the terrain, and the location of the anchored points relative to the initial (initial) points. The totality of field measurements and calculations (or graphical constructions) made in order to determine the coordinates and directional angles of directions determines the methods of topographic and geodetic work. Work on the ground with any method of surveying is to measure angles and distances. Processing is performed analytically using tables of logarithms, calculators, numerator STM or computer.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- high time spent on calculations and, as a result, low productivity;

- insufficient accuracy of the results obtained in solving typical problems;

- insufficient range of tasks;

- low efficiency both in solving problems and in transferring the results to interested consumers;

- the lack of automated solutions to problems.

The proposed invention solves the problem of improving the accuracy and efficiency of topographic work.

The technical result obtained by carrying out the invention consists in the formation of a method for solving geodetic problems as part of a topo-loader, providing an automated mode for performing mathematical calculations to solve typical geodetic problems and outputting the obtained results to an information display device and having a high degree of efficiency, high performance and an expanded range of solutions tasks, due to the introduction of the module support LCD solving typical survey applications.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for solving geodetic problems, including field work consisting in measuring angles and distances, computational work that uses the basic formulas of geodesy (topography), and graphical constructions with further analytical data processing using The computer, new is that the solution of geodetic tasks is based on the on-board computer of the mobile complex of navigation and topographic location, which is part of the software The th support module is included to implement the solution of these problems according to the corresponding algorithm, which ensures the operation of the “SERVICE TASKS” mode, in which the mathematical calculations are automated to solve the following problems: conversion of full rectangular coordinates from one zone to another, direct geodesic problem, inverse geodesic problem , calculation of the directional angle of the star for given points in time, calculation of azimuth according to the results of observation of the star, direct serif oriented instrument, direct notch by measured angles, notch by oriented device, notch by measured angles, notch by measured distances, notch by measured angle and distance, input data for solving problems are determined automatically by navigation equipment of a mobile navigation and topographic system, missing data are determined using remote surveying equipment.

Implementation of the solution of geodetic tasks on the basis of the on-board computer of the mobile complex of navigation and topographic location allows you to:

- expand the functionality of the mobile navigation and topographic location complex when performing work on the topographic and geodetic support of military units;

- accelerate the analytical processing of topographic and geodetic data directly in the area of deployment of military units;

- as much as possible to automate the workflow.

The inclusion of a support module in the software for the on-board computer for the implementation of solutions to geodetic tasks using the appropriate algorithm allows:

- provide the ability to solve the required number of geodetic tasks;

- to form a package of tasks to be solved depending on the need, changing the composition if necessary.

Ensuring the functioning of the “SERVICE TASKS” mode, in which the automated execution of mathematical calculations is performed to solve geodetic problems, allows you to:

- ensure the convenience of the mobile complex operator;

- perform automatic mathematical calculations to solve applied topographic and geodetic problems;

- expand the functionality of the navigation system and topographic location.

Determination of input data for solving problems automatically with navigation equipment of a mobile complex of navigation and topographic location allows you to:

- promptly receive the crew the necessary topographic and geodetic data without leaving the location of the mobile complex;

- increase the accuracy of the obtained parameters;

- Speed up the process of solving problems.

Technical solutions with features distinguishing the claimed solution from the prototype are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art. This suggests that the claimed solution is new and has an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the main menu of the mode "Service tasks"; figure 2 - window of the task "Transformation of the full rectangular coordinates from one zone to another"; figure 3 - window subtask "Direct geodetic task"; figure 4 - window subtask "Reverse geodetic task"; figure 5 is a window of the subtask "Calculation of the directional angle of the star for given points in time"; figure 6 is a window of the subtask "Calculation of azimuth according to the results of observation of the star"; Fig.7 is a window of subtasks "Direct serif oriented instrument" and "Direct serif on the measured angles"; on Fig - window subtasks "Reverse serif oriented device" and "Reverse serif measured angles"; figure 9 is a window of the subtask "Reverse notch on the measured angles"; figure 10 is a window of the subtask "Reverse notch on the measured distances"; figure 11 is a diagram of an algorithm for solving a direct geodetic problem; Fig.12 is a table of names and designations of data for solving a direct geodesic problem; in Fig.13 is a control example of solving a direct geodetic problem; on Fig is a diagram of an algorithm for solving the inverse geodesic problem; on Fig - table of names and designations of data to solve the inverse geodesic problem; in Fig.16 is a control example of solving the inverse geodesic problem.

A method for solving geodetic problems is implemented as follows. To increase the efficiency, productivity and expansion of the range of topographic and geodetic works carried out using the mobile navigation and topographic reference system, on-board computer is installed with mathematical software, which includes a support module for implementing the solution of typical geodetic tasks. Input data for solving problems is determined automatically by the navigation equipment of the mobile navigation and topographic location complex, which includes autonomous navigation and topographic location equipment, satellite navigation equipment, mechanical and Doppler speed sensors, and a height determination system. Using navigation equipment, the following data are determined: coordinates of the starting point, current coordinates and the directional angle of the longitudinal axis of the mobile complex. In addition, crew members can, without leaving the location of the mobile complex, use the optical sight to determine ranges and angles for landmarks. If necessary, the missing data is determined using a remote topographic and geodetic equipment: gyrocompass, compass and theodolite.

When you turn on the on-board computer, the special software and mathematical software and the direction angle determination mode are automatically launched. After loading the operating system, a working window is displayed on the monitor. In the upper part of the working window, possible operating modes are indicated. Management of the operating modes of the system is carried out by an operator who selects the desired mode. In this case, a list of tasks of the selected mode is displayed.

The algorithm for the operator to perform actions in the “SERVICE TASKS” mode is as follows.

1. After activating the "SERVICE TASKS" mode, the task menu appears on the monitor (see figure 1). The task that needs to be implemented at the moment is being solved.

2. The task "Convert full rectangular coordinates from one zone to another" is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see figure 2).

Input data X1, Y1 - rectangular coordinates are entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the values of the rectangular coordinates X2, Y2 will appear on the monitor, converted to the adjacent six-degree zone of convergence of the meridians U.

3. The task "Direct geodetic task" is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see figure 3).

Input data is entered X1, Y1 - coordinates of the starting point, S - horizontal distance between the starting point and the determined point, α - directional angle from the starting point to the determined point. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinate value of the determined item X2, Y2 appears on the monitor.

4. The task “Reverse geodetic task” is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see figure 4).

Input data X1, Y1 - coordinates of the starting point, X2, Y2 - coordinates of the final point are entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the values of the directional angle α, horizontal distance S between points 1 and 2 appear on the monitor.

5. The task “Calculation of Dir. the angle of the star for given times ”, a window appears on the monitor (see figure 5).

Input data are introduced: Q is the angle between the celestial object and the local object, L is the geodesic longitude of the observation point, B is the geodesic latitude of the observation point, t is the hourly angle of the Sun at the time of observation, δ is the declination of the Sun at the time of observation, T is the time at which observation was carried out. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the value of the directional angle, oriented direction α, appears on the monitor.

6. The task "Calculation of azimuth from the results of observation of the star" is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig.6).

Input data is entered B - latitude, L - longitude, Q - horizontal angle between the direction of the Sun and the Earth's object, Tg - average time of observation of the Sun in GMT, T _o - hourly angle of the Sun at 0h universal time on the GMT, ΔТ _o - hourly change in Т _o , δ _o - declination of the Sun at 0h universal time, Δδ _o - hourly change in δ _o . After pressing the “Calculation” button, the azimuth value of the Earth object A appears on the monitor.

7. The task "Direct serif oriented instrument" is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 7).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinates of the determined point XP, YP, and the values of the differences of the coordinates of the determined point from two triangles DX, DY appear on the monitor.

8. The task “Direct serif by measured angles” is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 7).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinates of the determined point XP, YP, and the values of the differences of the coordinates of the determined point from two triangles DX, DY appear on the monitor.

9. The task “Resection by an oriented device” is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 8).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinate values of the determined point XP, YP, the values of the differences of the coordinates of the determined point obtained from two different pairs of triangles DX, DY appear on the monitor.

10. The task “Resection by measured angles” is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 8).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinate values of the determined point XP, YP, the values of the differences of the coordinates of the determined point obtained from two different pairs of triangles DX, DY appear on the monitor.

11. The task "Resection by measured distances" is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 9).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinates of the determined item XP, YP will appear on the monitor.

12. The task “Resection by the measured angle and distance” is selected from the menu, a window appears on the monitor (see Fig. 10).

Input data is entered. After pressing the “Calculation” button, the coordinates of the determined item XP, YP will appear on the monitor.

The implementation of the solution of geodetic problems occurs according to the corresponding algorithm. Algorithms for solving the following problems will be considered as an example: “Direct geodesic problem”, “Inverse geodesic problem”.

"Direct geodetic problem"

1. The calculation formulas are presented in the form:

2. The algorithm diagram is presented in Fig.11.

3. The name and designation of the data shown in the table (see Fig.12).

4. On Fig shows a control example of the solution of the “Direct geodetic problem”.

"Inverse geodesic problem"

1. The calculation formulas are presented in the form:

- calculation of the directional angle from paragraph 1 to paragraph 2

- calculation of horizontal distance between points 1 and 2

2. The algorithm diagram is presented in Fig. 14.

3. The name and designation of the data shown in the table (see Fig.15).

4. In Fig.16 shows a control example of the solution of the "Inverse geodesic problem".

Thus, in the present invention, the problem is solved to achieve a technical result, which consists in the formation of a method for solving geodetic problems as part of a top loader, which provides an automated mode for performing mathematical calculations to solve typical geodetic problems and output the results to an information display device with a high degree of efficiency, high performance and an expanded range of tasks to be solved, due to the introduction of software STV topoprivyazchika helper for solving typical survey applications.

Claims (1)

A method for solving geodetic problems, including field work consisting in measuring angles and distances, computational work that uses the basic formulas of geodesy (topography), and graphical constructions with further analytical data processing using a computer, characterized in that the solution of geodetic problems is made on the basis of the on-board computer of the mobile navigation and topographic reference complex, the software of which includes a support module to implement the solution of these tasks according the existing algorithm, which ensures the operation of the “SERVICE TASKS” mode, in which the mathematical calculations are automated to solve the following problems: conversion of full rectangular coordinates from one zone to another, direct geodesic problem, inverse geodesic problem, calculation of the directional angle of the star for given moments of time, calculation of azimuth according to the results of observation of the star, direct notch by an oriented device, direct notch by measured angles, reverse notch of orient ovannym instrument Resection measured angles, resection of the measured distances, resection of the measured angle and distance, the input data to solve problems detected automatically the navigation equipment of the mobile complex navigation and topographic location, the missing data are defined by means of remote topogeodetic equipment.

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