RU2469455C2 - Generator of valve type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: working windings connected in parallel to a load form a closed circuit between each other, which may be supplied from a source of supply. At the same time a part of windings with its group of poles operates in a mode of generation, compensating with its current a decreasing magnetic flow, the other part - in a motor mode, twisting the generator and pulling a counter-electromotive force to the first group. Within a cycle of rotation the sum of electromotive force generation and counter-electromotive forces are equal, but due to active resistance the circuit needs some makeup from a source of supply: an inverter, a microgenerator, an accumulator, or from oscillations of a magnetic flow in stator poles, which is taken by additional windings and after rectification is supplied into an excitation circuit. Besides, the magnetic flow forcedly arises in front of closing poles, if some turns of the winding placed on them are closed at the same time to one of the generator leads. For this purpose a collector may be used, a switchboard operating from a curtain collector or from sensors of rotation or speed of a shaft. At the same time availability of current windings that transfer excitation to poles that are about to generate provides for excitation without a source of supply and a switchboard when reaching a rated mode after receipt of the first current pulse from an accumulator or residual magnetisation. The generator with current excitation may be used for welding, besides, the winding will be phase to any side, both adding and reducing the magnetic flow depending on the welding mode.

EFFECT: simplifying switching and control with simultaneous reduction of a number of switching elements and expansion of generator application area.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Valve-type generators are known, where the initial magnetic field of excitation is transmitted along the circuit to the winding, which is to be generated, from the output through some buffer-storage capacitive-inductive type. The winding at the moment of shifting the group of poles on which it is located, by commutators (transistors, brushes) is connected to the “+” and “-” outputs, receiving a current pulse. At the moment when the poles begin to open, the switches turn off and the winding generates. (US patent 5705918, Kuznetsov “Valve induction motors”, MPEI, 2003, ru 2179779, info@kaskod.ru).

The initial magnetic field of the excitation comes from the battery or from the residual magnetization of the magnetic circuit.

The disadvantage of these circuits is that the windings do not have a common excitation circuit for the control action, the lack of feedback and current excitation.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the number of switching elements, simplify management, expand the scope.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the working windings form an excitation circuit and are connected in series through excitation diodes, which connect the end of one winding to the beginning of the other, and the excitation circuit power source is connected to the beginning of the first and the end of the latter, so that the excitation diode of the last winding is turned on in opposite with the supply voltage of the excitation source, and all the others - along the way, the load outputs are connected one to the beginning, the other to the end of each winding through power diodes connected in opposite to the diodes waiting. It becomes possible to draw current from the windings through the circuit; the source can be an inverter, a microgenerator, or a battery powered from the output of the generator. At the same time, part of the windings with their own group of poles works in the generation mode, compensating for the decreasing magnetic flux with their current, the other part in the motor mode (passive windings) - twisting the generator and creating a counter-EMF to the first group. For a turnover cycle, the sum of the emf generation and the counter emf are equal, but because of the resistance, the circuit needs a little recharge from the power source: inverter, microgenerator, battery.

The working windings have field leads, which are connected through field rotation switches controlled by the rotation of the shaft to the output of the generator - the common point of power diodes connected to the beginning of the windings - this increases reliability. At the moment of switching one of the passive windings, a circuit is formed from the generating and passive windings, while in the passive one the current and magnetic flux are forced to increase so as to equalize the EMF of the generating winding with their counter-induction. The number of turns in this case in the passive winding is less than in the active one and the equality of the EMF along the circuit will be at ΔFpass≥ΔFgen, where ΔFpass and ΔFgen are the increase and decrease of magnetic fluxes in the passive and generating windings. In principle, the generator can operate with one switch, periodically exciting the excitation circuit.

For self-feeding the excitation, exceptions from the excitation circuit of the switches, the power source - in generators for welding, where the open circuit voltage can be minimal - current excitation is introduced. The current from the generating winding passes through the poles of the adjacent winding at the time of their closure and gives them magnetization. To this end, the circuit is designed in such a way that a current excitation winding is connected in series with each working winding in the circuits between the generator outputs - it is located on the same group of poles where the work in turn is adjacent to each other. At high output currents (welding), one or two turns are enough for the initial magnetization of closed poles.

If possible, the power windings are placed at the poles so that each winding group has this winding connected through the feed diodes to the supply of the excitation circuit: the outputs of the rectified current are counter to any diode of the excitation circuit. Any oscillations of the magnetic flux at the poles induce an EMF, which is rectified enters the excitation circuit, i.e. counter to any of the diodes, locking it, and in accordance with the rest of the circuit, inducing an excitation current in it.

All excitation options can work together or separately, fueling a closed excitation circuit.

Figure 1 shows the side view of the generator, where 8 is the stator, 7 is the rotor, 3 and 6 are the winding coils 23, 14 is the shaft, 18 is the shaft rotation sensor, 19 is the collector of the shaft rotation sensor, 9 and 10 are the covers with bearings . The known design - 18 - shaft rotation sensor, 19 - the shaft rotation sensor manifold - are responsible for the timely inclusion of the switches of the windings and inducing current in them.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of a generator, where: 1-4; 2-5; 3-6 - put on the poles of the stator coils that make up the working windings 21, 22, 23; 11, 12, 13 - current field windings; 7 - rotor, 8 - stator; excitation power windings - 31, 32, 33 are not shown (see figure 3).

The figure 3 shows the diagram of the generator. Here: 21, 22, 23 - working windings VD1-VD6 - power diodes. VD7-VD9 - excitation diodes included in the opposite direction with power diodes at the end of one and the beginning of an adjacent winding; 31,32,33 - excitation power windings, feed the rectifier unit 9, which in turn feeds the excitation circuit K1-K3 - the working winding switches, between the excitation terminals and the common point of the circuit. Each winding can have its own switch. During rotation, the switches adjacent to the generating windings, which at this time receive a magnetization impulse, open in turn. For the position in Fig. 2, the generating winding (23) from coils 3 and 6. When the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the winding 21 from coils 1 and 4 receives the magnetization from winding 23. Switch (K1), closing the excitation leads with one of the generator leads , leave the generating (23) and "passive" (21) windings one on one. The highest EMF is when the poles are almost broken and at the same moment the neighboring poles have the lowest magnetization energy. Turning on, the switch closes the circuit: the output of the adjacent generating winding (23) - the excitation diode VD9 - its own winding (21) - the excitation output - the switch (K1) - from the circuit - diode VD6 - winding 23.

Excitation of DC windings and switches are referred to in paragraph 4 and paragraph 2 of the formula. There are many switching methods and they are not considered here.

Figure 4 - electric current drive circuit, where: 11, 12, 13 - current field windings; 21, 22, 23 - working windings; VD1 + VD6 - power diodes;

VD7 + VD9 - excitation diodes. With increasing current through the load, the current windings will magnetize the closed poles on which they are located. Applicable for welding.

Claims (4)

1. The valve-type generator, containing explicitly polarized stator and rotor, working windings, each located on its own group of stator poles, power diodes, excitation diodes, excitation circuit power supply, excitation current winding, excitation switches, characterized in that the operating windings form an excitation circuit and sequentially interconnected via excitation diodes, which connect the end of one winding to the beginning of the other, to the beginning of the first and to the end of the latter, a power source of the excitation circuit is connected so that the diode the excitation of the last winding is turned on in the opposite direction with the supply voltage of the excitation source, and all the others are connected in passing, the load outputs are connected one to the beginning, the other to the end of each winding through power diodes connected in opposite to the excitation diodes. 2. The valve-type generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working windings have excitation leads, which are connected through excitation switches controlled by rotation of the shaft to the output of the generator — a common point of power diodes connected to the start of the windings. 3. The valve-type generator according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circuits between the outputs of the generator, a current excitation winding is connected in series with each working winding - it is located on that group of poles where the working winding is adjacent to one another. 4. The valve-type direct current generator according to claim 1, characterized in that on each group of poles there is an excitation power winding connected through the rectifier unit to the excitation circuit power - the rectified current outputs are counter to any diode of the excitation circuit.

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