RU2469448C2 - Combined "quasi-carousel" antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device has four dipoles placed arranged on a perimeter with square frame elements with central feeding, arched relative the centre point of a circle to form a square frame canvas equidistant from the centre. Inside the structure of the square frame dipoles there is a cylindrical reflecting-scattering conducting element with a common point of symmetry for the antenna and a radius which is less than the radius of the circle of the square frame canvas by λ/4 of the average operating length and height greater than λ/2 of the maximum operating wavelength. Each dipole is made symmetrical from two square frame elements and is opened by conductors in side corners and closed by conductors in the upper and lower corners. The opened conductors at the ends of the dipoles are connected by radial double-wire lines to the reflecting-scattering conducting element to form short-circuited stubs, and two supply feeders are connected crosswise in adjacent corners at the centre of the dipoles, at points of the opened conductors.

EFFECT: high gain and efficiency of operation with horizontal and vertical polarisation.

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Description

The invention relates to radio engineering and can be used in antenna-feeder devices as an omnidirectional antenna in the horizontal plane when working with horizontal and vertical polarizations.

Known polarization-isotropic antenna [1], containing two flat emitters in the form of square frames that are mutually perpendicular to a common vertical axis of symmetry. Each frame has a number of pieces of conductors connected to the sides and converging to its center. The sides of both frames are selected at least 0.25 λmax. Antenna elements are connected by three power feeders.

A disadvantage of the known antenna is the low gain.

Known shunt antenna [2], containing an active emitter, made in the form of a series of parallel equal length vertical wires spaced from each other at a distance much shorter than the working wave length equal to the length of horizontal wires connected at one end to the corresponding vertical wires and at the second ends - to the connecting wire with power on in the gap of one of the vertical wires. Vertical wires are located on the edges of a regular triangular prism, and of equal length, horizontal wires are made radially diverging from the center of symmetry of the antenna at an angle of 2π / 3 to each other, while the connecting horizontal wires of equal length and shape form identical shapes in the upper and lower parts of the prism, symmetrical relatively. center of symmetry of the antenna: circle, equilateral triangle, epicycloid, hypocycloid. An omnidirectional antenna with predominantly vertical polarization also has a spurious horizontal polarization.

The disadvantages of this antenna are the insufficient gain and installation complexity when using support insulators and the special connection of the power feeder, as well as the need to adjust by selecting the lengths of special tuning wires.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a "carousel" circular radiation antenna with square-frame elements [3], containing four in-phase excited placed along the perimeter of the vibrators with central power, and the conductors of square-frame elements, instead of forming the upper and lower square-frame elements, form adjacent right and left half vibrators of each vibrator, and an integral canvas multiple of four adjacent in-phase excited square-frame elements of vibrators you null relative to the central power point around the circle with the formation of a square-frame web equidistant from the center, in which the angles of adjacent in-phase excited square-frame elements of the vibrators are the points of two-wire power units, while a cylindrical reflective-diffusing conductive element is additionally introduced into the structure of the square-frame elements of the vibrators with a point of symmetry common to the antenna and with a radius smaller than the radius of the circumference of the square-frame web by (0.15-0.27) λ, average p bochey wavelength and a height greater than λ / 2 maximum operating wavelength.

The disadvantages of the prototype should include an insufficiently high gain and antenna work only with horizontal polarization.

The objective of the invention is to increase the gain and work with horizontal and vertical polarizations.

An additional technical result is the ability to use the antenna separately with horizontal polarization or with switching to vertical polarization.

To achieve this technical result, in the well-known prototype antenna, containing four centrally-mounted vibrators placed along the perimeter, the right and left half-vibrators of each vibrator are formed from full-square conductors with closed points of the upper and lower corners of the square-frame elements and with open conductors in the side corners . In this case, the conductors open at the ends of the vibrators are connected by two-wire radial direction lines with a reflective-scattering conductive element with the formation of short-circuited loops and the excitation of square-frame vibrator elements at adjacent angles in the center of the vibrators at the points of the open conductors with cross-connected power lines connected.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the proposed antenna, figure 2 is a diagram of a separate vibrator, and figure 3 is the results of electronic modeling of the proposed antenna:

a - in free space, when working together with vertical and horizontal polarizations, separately with vertical and separately with horizontal polarizations;

b - with real earth at a height of 10 m, when working in conjunction with vertical and horizontal polarizations, separately with vertical and separately with horizontal polarizations.

The antenna (Fig. 1) contains four vibrators 1 with square-frame elements 2 from the sides forming the conductors 3 with a square-frame vibrators, curved relative to the center point, and a cylindrical reflective-diffusing conductive element 4. Each vibrator, consisting of two square -frame elements with open conductors in the lateral corners 5, 6 and closed conductors in the upper 7 and lower 8 corners, has at the ends of the vibrators 9 a connection with two-wire lines 10 of a radial direction with reflective-scattering conductive element with the formation of short-circuited loops and in adjacent corners, in the center of vibrators, at points 11, 12, 13 and 14 of open conductors with cross-connection of central power sources.

Combined "quasicarrier" antenna works as follows.

Under the influence of an electromotive force (EMF) applied to points 11 and 12, 13 and 14, currents occur in the conductors 3 of the square-frame elements 2 of the vibrators 1. In case of in-phase connection of power lines from the EMF source to points 11 and 12, 13 and 14, the action currents flowing through the conductors and creating in space the vertical and horizontal components of the electromagnetic field, when they are added and subtracted, ensures the operation of the antenna with vertical polarization.

In the case of in-phase connection of power lines from the EMF source to points 11 and 12, 14 and 13, the action of currents flowing through the conductors and creating vertical and horizontal components of the electromagnetic field in space, when they are added and subtracted, ensures the operation of the antenna with horizontal polarization.

When the EMF phase shift at the supply points is ± 90 °, the “quasi-rotary” antenna vibrators work with circular, vertical and horizontal polarizations. The cylindrical reflecting-scattering conductive element introduced inside, like the reflector of any vibrator antenna, attenuates the return radiation of the vibrators and increases the gain in the main direction of the vibrators destination, and the bending of the vibrators in a circle at equal radial distance from the reflector provides an expansion of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and in the complex rounds her off.

The power lines can be connected to points 11 and 12, 13 and 14 of each vibrator from the central power source in a two-wire line version with two symmetrical power feeders and in the variant with two coaxial feeders symmetrically laid from the central power supply unit along the cable conductors and forming the square-frame sides elements with switching shielding conductors at points 11 and 13, and central conductors at points 12 and 14. For phase shift of EMF at power points by ± 90 ° to a central power node (not shown) introduced a 90 ° phase shifter, the inclusion of which, with appropriate switching of the supply lines, provides the operation mode of the antenna with circular polarization.

The most successfully declared combined “quasicarrier” antenna can be industrially applicable as an omnidirectional antenna using in particular cases when working separately with vertical or horizontal polarizations during operational switching with a minimum of spurious polarizations.

Information sources

1. RU 2011248 C1, 04/15/1994.

2. RU 2113747 C1, 20.06.1998.

3. RU 2360339 C2, 06/27/2009.

Claims (4)

1. A combined “quasicarous” antenna containing four perimeter-mounted vibrators with square-frame elements from the side-forming conductors, the lengths of which are selected λ / 4 of the average working wavelength, with central power supply, curved relative to the center point of the circle with the formation of squarely equidistant from the center -frame web with the cylindrical reflective-scattering conductive element with the common point of the antenna for the antenna introduced into the structure of the square-frame elements of the vibrators and with a radius smaller than the radius of the circumference of the square-frame web at λ / 4 of the average working wavelength and a height greater than λ / 2 of the maximum working wavelength, characterized in that each vibrator is made symmetrical of two square-frame elements with open conductors in the side corners and closed conductors in the upper and lower corners, while the conductors open at the ends of the vibrators are connected by two-wire radial direction lines with a reflective-scattering conductive element with the formation of short closed loops and excitation of square-frame elements of vibrators in adjacent corners in the center of the vibrators at the points of open conductors with the connection of power lines crosswise. 2. The combined “quasicarrier” antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two symmetrical power lines from the central power unit are connected crosswise at the points of open conductors crosswise, with the formation of two two-wire power units. 3. The combined “quasicarrier” antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two coaxial feeders symmetrically connected from the central power node along the loop conductors and the conductors forming the square frame elements with switching of the shielding conductors to the points of the power nodes of the laying conductors, and the central conductors to the points of the power nodes of the opposite conductors. 4. The combined "quasicarrier" antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that a 90 ° phase shifter is additionally introduced into the central power node.

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