RU2467376C1 - Voltage regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: voltage regulator is designed for use in power supply systems for regulation, including stabilisation, of single-phase and three-phase voltage of an AC power source, and also for regulation, including stabilisation, of DC voltage. The voltage regulator comprises a computing-metering unit, and at least one regulating unit, at the same time it additionally comprises a tuning unit and a memory unit, besides, the first output of the computing-metering unit is connected to the input of the regulating unit control, and a power input of the regulating unit is connected with an appropriate input of the voltage regulator, a power output of the regulating unit is connected to an output of the voltage regulator, the input and output of the voltage regulator are also connected with inputs of measurement of input and output voltage of the computing-metering unit accordingly, the second of the outputs of the computing-metering unit is connected to the input of the tuning unit, and the output of the tuning unit is connected with the input of the memory unit, besides, the output of the memory unit is connected with an appropriate input of the computing-metering unit.

EFFECT: increased accuracy and reliability of a voltage regulator and simplified design.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and electronics, in particular to single and multi-channel voltage stabilizers, and is intended for use in power supply systems for regulating, including stabilization, single-phase and three-phase voltage of an alternating current electric power source, as well as for regulating, including stabilization, direct voltage.

Known AC voltage stabilizer (patent for utility model No. 50691, G05F 1/20, publ. 20.01.2006) containing an autotransformer, a switch, a stabilizer control device, a power device for the stabilizer control device located in the housing, as well as terminals for connecting to mains and load, circuit breaker and protective earth contact. The control device of this stabilizer contains a microcontroller, the inputs of which are connected to the input voltage sensor, the output voltage sensor, the load current sensor and the clock sensor, and the outputs of the microcontroller are connected to the control inputs of the switch and the device for displaying information about the status of the stabilizer.

The disadvantage of this stabilizer is: the complex structure of the stabilizer, high cost and unreliable operation.

Known adopted for the prototype AC voltage regulator (hereinafter referred to as the stabilizer), comprising an autotransformer, a switch, a circuit breaker, a control device power supply device, mains and load connection terminals, a load current sensor, a stabilizer status information display device, a load connection device consisting of an amplifier and a magnetic starter, a stabilizer control device comprising a microcontroller, an output voltage sensor, a load current sensor, and a clock sensor c, the housing in which all of these elements are located, as well as the protective earth terminals, use the readings of the output voltage sensor in the absence of an input voltage sensor to determine the input voltage and control the operation of the AC voltage stabilizer.

However, the accuracy and reliability of this solution is limited due to technological variations in the parameters of the used electronic components and, accordingly, leads to the need for manual adjustment of devices using expensive measuring equipment.

The present invention solves the problem of creating a voltage regulator with increased accuracy and reliability, while simplifying its design and reducing cost.

The problem is solved by creating a voltage regulator containing a computing and measuring unit and at least one regulatory unit, the novelty of which is that it additionally contains a tuner and a memory unit, and the first output of the computing and measuring unit is connected to the control input of the regulating unit, and the power input of the control unit is connected to the corresponding input of the voltage regulator, the power output of the control unit is connected to the output of the voltage regulator, the input and output of the reg The voltage regulator is also connected to the measurement inputs of the input and output voltages of the computing unit, respectively, the second of the outputs of the computing unit is connected to the input of the setting unit, and the output of the setting unit is connected to the input of the memory unit, and the output of the memory unit is connected to the corresponding input of the computing unit measuring unit

To adjust the input and / or output current, taking into account the known load parameters, the voltage regulator may additionally contain at least one current meter located at the input and / or output of the voltage regulator, each current meter also connected to its corresponding current measurement input computing unit.

For one-way or two-way data exchange with external devices, the voltage regulator may further comprise a digital and / or analog interface connected to the computing unit.

The technical result is achieved due to the automatic adjustment of the regulator, at first start-up, periodically or by an external command.

The number of regulating blocks of the regulator can be any depending on the tasks to be solved, in particular, one block when adjusting a single-phase AC voltage, three blocks when adjusting a three-phase AC voltage, three blocks when making a smooth start of three-phase motors.

As a computing and measuring unit, a microcontroller, a microprocessor with corresponding peripheral circuits, an analog computer, and other digital and / or analog data processing devices can be used.

A multi-winding transformer or an autotransformer with a relay or electronic control circuit can be used as a control unit, a transformer unit - a compensating autotransformer with a motor control circuit, an autotransformer with a motor control circuit, pulse voltage converters for alternating voltage, a compensated controlled stabilizer, a resistive matrix, pulse converters - for direct voltage.

A microcontroller, a microprocessor with appropriate peripheral circuits, an analog computer, and other digital processing devices, including part of a computing and measuring unit, with spatial or temporal separation of data processing can be used as a tuner.

As a memory element, any type of digital and (or) analog memory can be used, including the computing and measuring unit built into the microcontroller.

In particular, a computing and measuring unit, a tuner, and a memory unit may be implemented in the form of one or a set of microcircuits, including hard logic microcircuits, programmable logic microcircuits, microcontrollers, or microprocessors.

As a current meter, a current transformer, a Hall sensor, a Rogowski belt, a current shunt, thermoelectric and other devices can be used.

Figure 1 shows a General diagram of a voltage regulator.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a voltage regulator equipped with two current meters.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a voltage regulator equipped with an interface.

Figure 4 shows the connection diagram of the voltage regulator to the voltage source and the load element.

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the device.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of a DC voltage regulator 5-10 V with the implementation of a computing and measuring unit, as well as tuning and memory blocks on a single chip.

Figure 7 shows a diagram of a three-phase regulator / stabilizer for smooth starting of induction motors with subsequent stabilization.

The voltage regulator comprises a computing and measuring unit 1 and at least one regulatory unit 2, a tuner 3 and a memory unit 4, the first output 5 of the computing and measuring unit 1 being connected to the control input of the regulatory unit 6, and the power input 8 of the regulatory unit 2 is connected to the input 7 of the voltage regulator, the power output of the regulatory unit 9 is connected to the output of the voltage regulator 10, the input 7 and the output 10 of the voltage regulator are also connected respectively to the measurement inputs of the input 11 and output 12 of the voltage measuring and measuring unit 1, the second of the outputs 13 of the computing and measuring unit 1 is connected to the input 14 of the tuner 3, and the output 15 of the tuning 3 is connected to the input 16 of the memory 4, the output 17 of the memory 4 is connected to the corresponding input of the 18 measuring and block (figure 1).

To adjust the input and / or output current, taking into account the known load parameters, the voltage regulator may additionally contain at least one current meter 19. Figure 2 shows the voltage regulator with two current meters 19 and 20 located at the input 7 ( 19) and the output 10 (20) of the voltage regulator, and the current meters 19 and 20 are also connected to the current measurement input, respectively, 21 and 22 of the computing and measuring unit 1.

The voltage regulator can be additionally equipped with a digital and / or analog interface 23 connected to the computing and measuring unit for one- or two-way data exchange with external devices (figure 3).

The voltage regulator operates as follows.

Setting block 3 of the voltage regulator allows, when interacting with other voltage regulator blocks, to make the necessary settings for the accurate and correct operation of the regulator. To do this, when you turn on the device for the first time, we connect it to a source of known calibrated voltage, either constant or variable, depending on the purpose of the controller, and to the output of controller 10 we connect a load element, active, reactive or complex, with known parameters (Fig. 4).

A block diagram of the algorithm of the device is shown in Fig.5. When connecting the device to the voltage source, START, the computing and measuring unit 1 reads the controller settings data from the memory unit 4, step I. At step II, the received data is analyzed, if the setting has not been previously made, then the computing and measuring unit 1 sets the initial state control unit 2, measures the input and output voltages, transmits data on the measured input and output voltages to the tuner 3 - step III. In step IV, tuner 3 determines the data on the necessary transformations of the input and output voltages to match the calibrated input voltage, as well as the output, taking into account the initial state of the control unit. In step V, this data is written to memory unit 4, then the controller returns to step 1. Thus, the voltage regulator is automatically configured, and in step I, these settings are read by the computing and measuring unit 1, in step II, since the data from memory unit 4 received, the voltage regulator proceeds to step VI. At step VI, the computing and measuring unit 1 analyzes whether an external tuning signal has been received, and if such a signal has not been received, proceeds to step VII - the output signal is adjusted taking into account the auto-tuning data.

Thus, the device performs continuous adjustment of the output voltage according to the program (cyclically repeating steps VI and VII) until an external signal on tuning is received, proceeding in this case to step II of the algorithm.

When at least one current meter 19 located at the input and / or output of the voltage regulator is introduced into the circuit of the voltage regulator, in addition to setting the voltage regulator for the input and output voltage, the input and / or output current can be adjusted, taking into account the known load parameters. The second current meter can be useful when using a parametric control unit, when part of the current flows to the ground during regulation, and when diagnosing the control unit.

For one-way or two-way data exchange with external devices, the computing and measuring unit of the voltage regulator is equipped with an interface, and tuning is also performed upon receipt of a tuning signal via the interface. The need for control via an external interface may arise during periodic calibration of the device, as well as when adjusting voltage for external signals.

The following examples confirm, but do not limit the use of the inventive voltage regulator.

Example 1. DC voltage regulator.

The DC voltage regulator 5-10 V is implemented with the implementation of a computing and measuring unit, as well as tuning and memory units on a single Atmel Atmega8 chip, using pulse-width modulation for adjustment (Fig. 6). As an adjustment unit, a single-chip parametric stabilizer 78L05 from STI is used. In a pure crystal, all memory cells are recorded with FF values, which makes it possible to distinguish a tuned controller from a non-tuned one. When the voltage is turned on, in accordance with the algorithm of FIG. 5, data is read from the read-only memory built into the microcontroller - step 1. If the read data is FF, then it is read from the inputs of PC2 and PC3 (correspond to the inputs 12 and 11 of the block diagram of FIG. 3) are compared with the calibration ones, while the PC5 output is set to zero to get a known voltage of 5.0 V. The given circuit is linear in input and output voltages, the data in the memory are simply quotient of the received and calibres cing values. After calibrating the voltage regulator, it goes into a duty cycle, constantly adjusting the output voltage in accordance with the program by changing the duty cycle of the PC5 output, taking into account the data recorded in the memory. The data is stored in non-volatile memory, so that after turning it off and on, the controller does not require reconfiguration. Power circuits are standard and not shown. The memory blocks, settings and the computing unit are formed from the logic elements of the microcontroller, including a built-in analog-to-digital converter.

Example 2. An AC voltage stabilizer of 220 volts with galvanic isolation.

The Tr1 multi-winding transformer is used as the control unit, the Microchip 24LC chip is the memory block, the Atmel microcontroller is the TINY26 microcontroller, and the Maxim analog-to-digital converter Maxim is the Maxim analog-to-digital converter, and Atmel is the ATMEGA8 microcontroller. connected by digital bus I2C. Voltages from the input and output are supplied through the resistor and through the decoupling transformer Tg2, respectively. We connect the regulator to a known voltage of 220 V, Atmega8 reads the 24LC memory chip via the I2C bus and gives the TINY26 command to configure, TINY26 writes data to the memory, which are then used by the Atmega8 microcontroller.

Example 3. Three-phase regulator / stabilizer for smooth starting of induction motors with subsequent stabilization.

The RTA16 triacs of the International Rectifier company act as control units, the Microchip 24LC chip is the memory block, the Atmel microcontroller is the TINY26 microcontroller, and the Atmel microcontroller ATMEGA8 connected by the I2C digital bus is the computing unit. The voltages from the input and output are fed through resistor dividers to the ports of the PC0 - PC6 microcontroller. We connect the regulator to a well-known voltage of 380 V, Atmega8 reads the 24LC memory chip via the I2C bus and gives the TINY26 command for tuning, TINY26 writes data to the memory, which are then used in the Atmega8 microcontroller. Soft start and adjustment / stabilization of the three-phase motor power is carried out by cutting out part of the supply voltage with triacs, triacs are triggered through optocouplers LED1 / FD1 - LED3 / FD3, the optocouplers are controlled by PD0-PD2 ports connected to the output.

As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention solves the problem of creating a voltage regulator with increased accuracy and reliability, while simplifying its design and reducing cost, which is achieved by self-tuning the device and does not require the use of precision components, and also eliminates manual adjustment of the regulator, which requires accurate equipment. So, in examples 1 and 3, even when using conventional components with a spread of parameters of + -5% (which is the standard for mass production), it is possible to achieve a control accuracy of 0.1%. And in example 2, we can provide an accuracy of 0.025%. Moreover, the proposed design leads to an increase in the reliability of the product as a whole. So, to solve the problem posed in examples 1 and 2, using a standard known device, we would have to use two tuning resistors for adjustment, and in example 3, six tuning resistors in the adjustment unit, and the reliability of tuning resistors is orders of magnitude less due to the presence of moving parts and mechanical contact, as well as the susceptibility of variable resistors to parameter changes due to contamination and oxidation.

Claims (3)

1. A voltage regulator comprising a computing and measuring unit and at least one regulatory unit, characterized in that it further comprises a tuner and a memory unit, the first output of the computing and measuring unit being connected to the control input of the regulatory unit, and the power input of the regulatory unit connected to the corresponding input of the voltage regulator, the power output of the regulating unit is connected to the output of the voltage regulator, the input and output of the voltage regulator are also connected to the inputs of the measurement input the output voltage of the computing unit, respectively, the second of the outputs of the computing unit is connected to the input of the tuner, and the output of the tuner is connected to the input of the memory unit, and the output of the memory unit is connected to the corresponding input of the computing unit. 2. The voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one current meter located at the input and / or output of the voltage regulator, each current meter also connected to its corresponding current measurement input of the computing unit. 3. The voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a digital and / or analog interface connected to the computing unit.

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