RU2466921C1 - Hopper for bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: packaging.

SUBSTANCE: hopper comprises a housing with loading and outlet pipes, bottom, side walls, a flexible container located inside. A part of the flexible container is mounted on the upper edges of the housing, and the upper and lower ends are connected respectively with the loading and outlet pipes and the lifting mechanism of the flexible container. The lower half of the flexible container is equipped with at least two elastic concentric rings placed coaxially to the symmetry axis of the discharge opening. The elastic rings are made with the ability to change the length of their circumference.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of unloading through self-regulation of curvature of the conical surface of the container during loading, without additional costs.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for silos for storing and loading bulk materials into technological tanks and can be used in various industries, for example, in agriculture.

A known hopper for easily damaged materials, including a housing with loading and outlet pipes, a mechanism for lifting elastic elements, one ends of which are fixed on the upper and lower edges of the housing by clamping rings, and the other ends are connected to the loading and output pipes, and the output pipe is equipped with a mesh and a vibrator, and the body flange is mounted on the rod of the pneumatic cylinder, the elastic element is made in the form of a hyperboloid (SU No. 1661074 B65D 88/26, publ. 07.07.91).

The main disadvantage of the technical solution is the high metal consumption, since the bottom and side walls are made integral, as well as the complexity of the design.

A known hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing with loading and outlet pipes, a bottom, side walls, an elastic container located inside, a part of which is fixed to the upper edges of the housing, and the upper and lower ends are connected respectively with the loading and output pipes and a mechanism for raising the container (RU No. 2073632 C1, B65D 88/26, publ. 02.20.1997).

In the above technical solution, the problem of reducing the metal consumption of the structure is solved, however, in this bunker, arching and freezing of bulk materials is not excluded.

Closest to the claimed device is a hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing with loading and outlet nozzles, a bottom, side walls, an elastic container placed inside, a part of which is fixed to the upper edges of the housing, and the upper and lower ends are connected respectively to the loading and outlet nozzle and the mechanism for lifting the tank (RU No. 2154007 C1, B65D 88/26, publ. 10.08.2000).

This hopper has the same disadvantages as the above counterpart.

The technical essence of the invention is to increase the efficiency of unloading.

To achieve a technical essence, in a bulk material bin containing a housing with loading and outlet nozzles, a bottom, side walls, an elastic container placed inside, part of which is fixed to the upper edges of the housing, and the upper and lower ends are connected respectively with the loading and outlet nozzles and the mechanism lifting elastic containers, the lower half of the elastic containers is provided with at least two elastic concentric rings placed coaxially with the axis of symmetry of the discharge opening. The elastic rings are made with the possibility of changing the length of their circumference.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the hopper in the loading position, a longitudinal section;

figure 2, 3, 4 - phase discharge of material (longitudinal section of the hopper);

figure 5 - mechanism for adjusting the length of the elastic rings, section aa in figure 2.

The hopper for bulk materials contains a housing 1 with side walls 2, a bottom 3 made of gratings, with a lifting mechanism in the form of rollers 4 and springs 5. The upper part of the housing 1 is equipped with a loading nozzle 6. An elastic container 7 is placed inside the housing 1, which has its lateral surface mounted on the upper edges of the housing 1, and the upper and lower ends of the elastic tank 7 are connected with boot 6 and output 8 nozzles. The lower half of the elastic tank 7 is equipped with concentric elastic rings 9, which are placed coaxially to the axis of symmetry of the outlet pipe 8 from its outer side, are installed parallel to the bottom 3 and are configured to change the length of their circumference by the adjustment mechanism 10.

The hopper for bulk materials works as follows. Before loading the hopper, the elastic container 7 under the action of the springs 5 of the lifting mechanism of the elastic container 7 is in a tense state (figure 1), and the outlet pipe 8 of the housing 1 is closed by a shutter (not shown). In the process of filling the hopper with bulk material, which enters the housing 1 through the loading pipe 6, the springs 5 of the lifting mechanism of the elastic tank 7 under the influence of the weight of the bulk material begin to stretch. In this case, the elastic container 7 is lowered down and toward the side walls 2 and the bottom 3, made in the form of gratings, in contact with them. When filling the hopper 1 with bulk material to the level of the loading pipe 6, loading stops. The elastic rings 9 are pressed by the bulk material to the bottom 3, located around the discharge pipe 8 (figure 1).

When unloading bulk material from the hopper 1, the flap of the outlet pipe 8 opens and the bulk material enters, for example, a vehicle (not shown).

In the process of loading, the pressure of the bulk material on the elastic container 7 decreases, which rises up through the rollers 4 under the action of the springs 5, forming a funnel concave hyperbolic (figure 2). Sensing the pressure of bulk material, the elastic rings 9 are in a stretched state. With a further decrease in the load and pressure on the walls, the elastic rings 9 alternately, starting from the top, reduce their diameter (Fig. 3) and then give the funnel a convex hyperbolic shape corresponding to the normal outflow of material without arch formation (Fig. 4). When this occurs, self-regulation of the curvature of the surface of the funnel of the elastic container 7, which will improve the efficiency of unloading bulk material. The adjustment mechanism 10 allows you to change the length of the elastic rings (figure 5), thereby adjusting the curvature of the surface of the outlet funnel of the elastic container 7 when unloading the material.

The proposed hopper provides improved discharge efficiency due to self-regulation of the curvature of the conical surface of the tank during loading, a consistent change in the diameters of the elastic rings, which also helps to achieve the goal without additional costs. In addition, the ability to control the curvature of the side surface of the funnel by changing the diameter, and therefore the elasticity of the rings, increases the versatility of the device, i.e. the possibility of using for various bulk materials, as well as during research. In addition, by changing the height of the mounting roller of the lifting mechanism, it is possible to regulate the surface curvature of the outlet funnel, taking into account the dimensions of the hopper body and the outlet pipe.

Claims (1)

A hopper for bulk materials, comprising a housing with loading and outlet nozzles, a bottom, side walls, an elastic container placed inside, a part of which is fixed to the upper edges of the housing, and the upper and lower ends are connected respectively with the loading and outlet nozzle and the lifting mechanism of the elastic container, characterized the fact that the lower half of the elastic tank is equipped with at least two elastic concentric rings placed coaxially with the axis of symmetry of the discharge opening and made with the possibility changing the length of their circumference and curvature.

Images