RU2464443C1 - Rotor wind hydraulic engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: rotor wind hydraulic engine comprises a shaft connected with a disc, between which blades are installed on their axes along the periphery as capable of their rotation inside and outside rotors. Blades are equipped with levers connected with one of discs by means of flexible joints, rotary supports and tensioning devices. In the disc there are holes, flexible rods are pulled via rotary supports and holes downwards, tensioning devices are arranged in the form of weights attached to ends of flexible traction rods, and between weights and surface of the disc there are additionally arranged cocked springs for compression and sliding bushings on flexible traction rods. Weights, springs for compression and sliding bushings at ends of flexible traction rods may be arranged in pipes attached by some ends to the disc, besides, at the other ends of pipes there are adjustment screws that fix initial position of weights.

EFFECT: using a device will ensure higher safety, higher efficiency factor, and also increased range of rotor rotations control as flow speeds vary within wide limits.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to rotary power plants using the kinetic energy of the flow of wind or water to convert it into mechanical energy of rotation.

A similar device is known according to the USSR author’s certificate No. 1650948, the rotor of the wind turbine “Dolphin Tail”, containing flexible blade plates fixed by leading edges on fixed axes connected with rims (disks), which are connected to the vertical shaft of the unit using spokes [1].

The disadvantage of this device is its very short service life, since the blade plates are rigidly fixed on their movable axes and deviate from the flow only due to their flexibility, which has limited limits on the number of bends in both directions: in and out of the rotor. In this device, for one revolution of the rotor, each blade plate is deflected twice. In addition, for energy fluxes of different powers, it would be necessary to select and replace plates — blades of different degrees of elasticity.

Also known is the device "Rotor" Dolphin Tail "according to the patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 34653, containing between the rim-disks movable blades placed on the bushings of their axes and spring-loaded with springs with opposite twist [2]. The blades in this device also have the ability to deviate inward and outward at angles determined by the elasticity of the twisted springs. The service life of this rotor is much larger, but it is also limited and is determined by the reliability of the large number of balanced springs and other related components.

Since the parameters of the springs change over time, it is necessary to adjust the degree of their elasticity (stiffness) by twisting the springs in one direction or another to install the blades in equilibrium in the initial state in the absence of flow, which is a figure of a polyhedron.

As a prototype, “Wind turbine” was selected according to the patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 55884, containing a shaft connected to disk rims, between which blades are mounted on their axes, having levers located along the plane of the blades and connected through flexible rods, rotary bearings, springs and tensioners with one of the rim-disks [3].

In this device, the number of springs is reduced by half, and instead of difficult to adjust the torsion springs, simpler tensile springs are used. The process of installing the rotor in the initial state of the polyhedron in the absence of flow due to the use of flexible rods, swing bearings and tensioners is simplified.

However, this device is also not reliable due to the presence of constantly working tensile springs, the parameters of which change over time and require adjustment, or replacement of the springs due to their failure.

In addition, when changing the parameters of the springs during the operation of the device, the opening angles (angle of attack) of the blades with respect to the flow also change, and, accordingly, the stability and efficiency of the installation decreases.

Technical advantages of the claimed object are as follows.

To solve the problem of improving the reliability and efficiency of the device in a wind turbine containing a shaft connected to disks between which blades are mounted on their axes, equipped with levers connected to one of the disks by means of flexible rods, pivot bearings and tensioners, additionally holes are made in the disk that are flexible rods are passed through swivel bearings and down holes, tensioners are made in the form of weights attached to the ends of flexible rods, and additionally introduced springs are placed between the weights and the disc surface on flexible rods compression and sliding sleeve.

In addition, compression springs, weights and sliding bushings at the ends of the flexible rods are placed in pipes attached by one end to the disk, and adjustment screws are installed on the other end of the pipe to fix the initial position of the goods and, accordingly, the initial angle of attack for weak energy flows.

Distinctive features are that instead of elastic springs, tensile weights having a constant weight are used, therefore the force of the weight with which the loads act on the arms of the blades remains constant in the nominal predetermined range of flow rates, which ensures uniform stable rotation of the rotor and does not require additional adjustments. The extension of the nominal predetermined range of operating speeds is provided, if necessary, with an additional compression spring, the elastic force of which is added to the load weight force with an increase in the flow rate above the nominal one, and in case of emergency (storm) flows, the spring is completely compressed, the blades are installed in the vane position, which prevents installation from breakage.

A distinctive feature is the fact that weights, springs and sliding sleeves at the end of the flexible rods are placed in pipes attached at one end to the disk, and at the other ends of the pipes adjusting screws are installed to set the initial angle of attack of the blades for low flows at low speeds.

As a result of a search by sources of patent and scientific and technical information, the totality of features characterizing the proposed device variants was not found, thus, the proposed invention meets the “new” criterion.

Based on a comparative analysis of the options for the proposed solution with the prior art according to the sources of patent and scientific and technical information, it can be argued that between the totality of features, including the distinctive functions performed by them and the achieved goal, the proposed technical solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art and , therefore, meets the eligibility criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed rotary wind turbine is shown in the drawings:

figure 1 is a top view of the device with the upper disc removed, figure 2 is a side view of the structure of one of the tensioners for each blade of the device.

The blades 1 ... 9 (for this design nine pieces) are placed on their axes 10 between the disks 11 (the upper disk is removed) with the possibility of rotation of the blades in and out of the rotor (figure 1). Each blade has a lever 12, which are connected by means of flexible rods 13, through the rotary supports 14 and holes 15 in the disk with the loads 16 (figure 2).

Between the loads and the surface of the disk on flexible rods are placed in the pipes 17 of the sleeve 18 of the slide and the spring 19. At the end of the pipes are installed adjusting screws 20. To the Central axis 21 are attached to the upper and lower disks of the rotor, and through a mechanical drive the axis is connected to an actuator, for example an electric generator (not shown).

Rotary wind turbine operates as follows.

In the absence of wind or water flow V, the loads 16 under the action of their gravity pull through the flexible rods 13, passed into the holes 15 of the disk, and the rotary bearings 14 are the levers 12 of the blades 1 ... 9, while the blades take the shape of a closed heptagon, and the loads 16 are in the lowest positions. The location of the blades at this moment in Fig. 1 is shown by dash-dotted lines.

In order to improve the initial moment of moving the wind turbine from its place in low flow, the screws 20 are tightened to lift the loads 16, while the thrusts 13 reduce the transfer of force from the loads to the levers 12 of the blades and the latter have the ability to slightly rotate on their axes 10 and create a certain initial angle of attack on the stream. This position of the blades is shown in dashed lines in FIG.

With an increase in the flow velocity V up to the nominal value, the blades deviate at large angles of attack, and the rotor rotates clockwise.

For one revolution of the rotor, each blade deviates from the initial state twice: inside and out of the rotor and, accordingly, the loads of the blades rise and fall twice to their initial lower position.

The weight of the goods is selected from the condition of the optimum angle of attack (opening angle) of the blades at a nominal flow velocity, for example, for a wind speed determined by GOST, from 8 ... 10 m / s.

The force of the weight of the cargo is unchanged, and therefore, with sharp changes in the flow velocity, the blades open to a larger angle, passing part of the flow through the rotor, while the rotor speed does not change.

The position in the space of the blades of the device shown in figure 1 at a certain point in time. From the influence of the flow V, the blades 1 and 2 deviate inside the rotor, the blades 6 and 7 deviate outward from the part of the flow V ₁ passing through the rotor, and the blades 3, 4, 5 take energy from the outer part of the flow V ₂ , where V = V ₁ + V ₂ . Thus, most of the rotor blades are involved in the removal of kinetic energy from the flow.

After reaching the maximum value of the range of the nominal flow velocity and with its further increase, the levers of the blades 12 continue to pull the thrust 13 until the sliding bushings 18 come into contact with the plane of the disk 11.

With a further increase in the flow velocity, the spring 19 begins to compress, reducing the effect of the kinetic energy of the flow on the blades, since the force of the springs is combined with the weight of the cargo. Having selected certain parameters of the springs, it is possible to adjust the rotor speed in an extended range of flow rates.

When the flow velocities reach emergency (storm) velocities, the blades 1 ... 9 occupy a weather vane along the flow. In Fig.1 their position is shown by a double dashed line, while the springs 19 (Fig.2) are in a compressed state.

After the passage of emergency flows under the action of the springs, the blades return to working condition, regulated by the weight of the cargo.

Thus, in the proposed device, improving reliability and efficiency is achieved by using simpler nodes and the links between them.

The use of freely pulling weights when opening the blades eliminates unreliable torsion or tensile springs continuously working during rotation of the rotor, and also eliminates the initial adjustments in the device, since in the absence of flow of the blade under the influence of loads that do not change in weight, they are always installed in the original polyhedron. The compression springs used in this device are used for a short time during periods of either exceeding the flow rate from the nominal one to expand the range of use of the wind turbine, or as emergency protection.

This design allows the maximum use of the kinetic energy of the stream in a wide range of its speeds, as well as to ensure effective energy removal from the stream with rapidly changing parameters.

Laboratory tests of the model of the proposed wind turbine confirmed the claimed characteristics.

Information sources

1. Description of the invention to the copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1650948, class. F03D 3/00, “Rotor of a wind turbine“ Dolphin tail ”” (analogue).

2. Description of the RF patent for utility model No. 34653, IPC F03B3 3/12 “Dolphin Tail Rotor” (analogue).

3. Description of the RF patent for utility model No. 55884, IPC F03B 3/12 “Wind turbine” (prototype).

4. Description to the Eurasian patent EA 003784 B1 dated 08.28.2003, IPC F03D 3/06 “Wind power unit and wind power plant”.

5. French patent 2286954, cl. F03D 3/00, publ. 1976

6. Japanese Application JP 2006336630 A, 12/14/2006

7. US Patent No. 3743848, cl. 290/55, publ. 1973

8. UK application No. 2119025, cl. F03D 3/00, publ. 1983 year

Claims (2)

1. A rotary wind turbine containing a shaft connected to the disks, between which the blades are mounted on the periphery on their axes with the possibility of turning them in and out of the rotors, the blades are equipped with levers connected to one of the disks by means of flexible rods, pivot bearings and tensioners, characterized in that the holes are made in the disk, the flexible rods are passed through the swivel bearings and the holes down, the tensioners are made in the form of weights attached to the ends of the flexible rods, and between the weights and the disk surface are placed on the flexible t connecting rods additionally introduced compression springs and the sliding sleeve. 2. The rotary wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the loads, compression springs and sliding bushings at the ends of the flexible rods are placed in pipes attached by one end to the disk, and adjustment screws fixing the initial position of the loads are installed on the other ends of the pipes.

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