RU2463429C2 - Fire-resistant glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire-resistant glazing comprising at least two fire-resistant multiple glass panes (1) arranged next to each other with their edges, with inclusion of a narrow sealing joint, besides, each of the specified multiple glass panes comprises at least three window glasses (3) and at least two intermediate layers (4), which thicken in case of fire. Multiple sealing elements are arranged in a sealing joint, at the same time the specified sealing elements comprise a sealing tape (10), which is arranged inside the sealing joint and which thickens in case of fire. In accordance with the invention, the sealing elements also comprise closing profiles (20), made of elastically deformed material, which comprise a flange (21) of a head closing both the sealing joint and the edge area of both fire-resistant multiple glass panes (1), arranged near the sealing joint, and which contain an inserted leg (22), located in the sealing joint between refractory multiple glass panes (1).

EFFECT: reliability improvement.

25 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to refractory glazing, containing at least two refractory glass units located next to each other with their edges, with the inclusion of a narrow sealing compound, with each specified glass unit containing at least three window panes and at least two intermediate layers that thicken in the event of fire, with a plurality of sealing elements located in the sealing connection, wherein said sealing elements comprise a sealing tape that is located inside the pack a pounding compound and which thickens in case of fire.

Refractory glazings comprising refractory glass units and refractory frames are used for refractory transparent closing means of open spaces in walls, doors or the like. Refractory glazing should be designed so that they can withstand the effects of fire for a predetermined period, for example 30, 60 or 90 minutes. In particular, they should not allow any penetration of the flame and should, as an additional requirement, also reliably close the room from smoke. Moreover, in specific applications, they should be good insulating agents against heat and limit thermal radiation from the fire. The criteria for requirements for refractory closures, in particular for refractory glasses, are regulated, for example, by European standards EN 357, 1363, 1364-1, 1634-1, 13501-2.

Refractory double-glazed windows of the standard type contain alternating window panes and intermediate layers that thicken in case of fire. Moreover, they can, depending on the requirement, contain plastic intermediate layers made of materials such as PVB or EVA in order to increase safety, or be made in the form of insulating glass elements with a space between the glass panes filled with gas, for increase thermal insulation.

The refractory intermediate layers located between adjacent window panes typically contain liquid glass, in particular based on sodium silicate or potassium silicate, also water and additional additives, such as, for example, gelling agents. At room temperature, intermediate layers that thicken in case of fire are usually transparent, so they are well suited for use in transparent glazing. However, under the influence of heat, which can be caused, for example, by fire, the water-containing intermediate layers thicken, thereby forming a hardening silicate foam, which significantly reduces the thermal conductivity and radiation through the glazing. Foaming and evaporation of water contained in the intermediate layer also cause temporary cooling of the refractory glazing. As a result, the cracking or softening of the double-glazed windows and, in particular, the glass panes of the refractory double-glazed window facing the fire, is slowed down.

Refractory double-glazed windows are usually installed in frames intended for refractory purposes, such as, for example, steel frames, while these frames close the double-glazed windows from all sides at their edges. Such frames, which are often very massive, reduce unobstructed visibility through the glazing. However, it is often desirable, especially in the interior of buildings, to cover as little as possible with the opaque volumetric frame elements of the frame.

It has already been proposed to design refractory glazing without a frame, at least in the region of individual edges, or to reduce the width and thickness of the frame-shaped elements by eliminating the supporting structural elements. The previously known refractory glazings have the general fact that the refractory glazed windows, in each case, are adjacent to each other with the inclusion of a narrow sealing compound, which is essentially usually located vertically, while various measures have been proposed for closing and / or concealment of the sealing joint.

DE 9106478 U1 discloses refractory glazing with the aforementioned basic structure, in which the sealing joint is filled, at least partially, with a sealing material. The sealing material, in particular, may contain silicone. In order to close the sealing joint, it is proposed to install tape-shaped (hollow) sections of steel, aluminum or wood, which are located on the edge regions of the refractory double-glazed windows adjacent to each other. The device of sealing tapes, which thicken in case of fire, in the sealing joint is supposed to be excluded. Instead, it is assumed that in the case of fire, the material of the intermediate layers of the refractory double-glazed windows will fall into the sealing compound and close the latter tightly from the penetration of fire and smoke. The disadvantage is that tight closing of the sealing joint takes place only during fire and, therefore, it is not possible to expect, with sufficient confidence, that the sealing joint will be tightly and securely closed over its entire length under normal conditions. There is also the danger that sections that are attached only to the surface of the window pane will become prematurely insulated from the refractory glass panes and, therefore, prematurely open the sealing joint.

EP 0498021 B1 describes two sections closing a sealing joint that are connected to each other only by means of refractory glass units so that thermal bridges in the areas of the sealing joint are excluded. In particular, this publication completely dispenses with the placement of seals, such as sealing tapes made of materials that thicken in the event of fire, in the sealing joint. Therefore, the danger that the sealing joint closes too late and / or does not close completely in case of fire increases further.

DE 43 12 467 A1 discloses refractory glazing with a well-known basic structure in which the sealing joint is tightly closed only by a filler of non-flammable or self-extinguishing material. In the extreme case, it is even assumed that only the provided thin adhesive layer is present or it is assumed that the refractory double-glazed windows are directly adjacent to each other. The edge regions of adjacent refractory glass units, in any case, remain not closed and in the installed position are open. The filler may also be either a material that foams (= thickens) in case of fire, or silicone material. Moreover, DE 4312467 A1 discloses the use of refractory glass units with at least one particularly thick window glass. The disadvantage of such refractory glazing is that any deviation from the flatness of adjacent refractory double-glazed windows remains noticeable in the same way as the surface of the filler placed in the sealing compound, and any irregularities in the edge region of the refractory double-glazed windows. There is also the danger that the refractory glass panes deform differently in the event of fire, thus opening a gap in the area of the sealing joint through which flame, hot gases and smoke can penetrate prematurely.

EP 1194673 B1 discloses refractory glazing according to claim 1 of the preamble of the claims. The known refractory glazing is completely dispensed with without frame elements covering the edge regions of adjacent refractory double-glazed windows and a sealing joint. According to one embodiment, a plurality of sealing elements are disposed in the sealing joint, which comprise a sealing band which is located inside the sealing joint and which is thickened in case of fire, wherein said sealing tape is, in each case, closed externally on both sides by an additional sealing member . Additional sealing elements located only inside the sealing connection may contain plastic material, in particular silicone material, or a pre-formed tape profile. The refractory intermediate layers of the refractory double-glazed windows of the known refractory glazing are deepened in the edge region and the sealant, for example, based on polysulfide, is located in the grooves formed in this way, while this sealant is designed to provide aging resistance to the refractory double-glazed windows. A disadvantage of the known refractory glazing again lies in the visibility of the sealing compound and the edge regions of the window pane, but especially the intermediate layers, which are subsequently difficult to remove on the edge region, and the polysulfide seal placed in the grooves of the intermediate layers, and there is a danger that adjacent refractory glass panes apart in case of fire.

The problem underlying the invention is the improvement of the known refractory glazing. In particular, the sealing joint and adjacent edge regions of the refractory glass units should be able to be made pleasing to the eye. The visibility of deviations from the flatness of adjacent refractory glass units should be reduced. In the case of fire, the seal must remain closed for as long and as long as possible from the ingress of smoke and flame. In particular, a sealing device that remains securely sealed for a long time in the case of fire must be proposed for refractory glass units made with framing protective plates, or the behavior of glazing in the case of fire and its resistance to aging must be improved by providing framing protective plates.

The invention proposes, as a solution, that the sealing elements located in the region of the sealing joint comprise cover profiles made of resiliently deformed material, which comprise a head flange covering both the sealing joint and the edge region of both refractory glass units located adjacent to the sealing joint, and which comprise an insertable leg located in the sealing joint between the refractory glass units.

The flange of the head of the closing profile has, in particular, a width which is such that it covers at least about 5 mm the width of the edge regions of the two refractory glass units adjacent to the sealing joint. The width of the head flange is limited from above, in particular, by the fact that within the scope of the invention it is intended to reduce visibility as low as possible through refractory glazing, for this reason the width of the head flange is made as small as technically feasible. In practice, closing the edges of refractory glass units adjacent to the sealing joint, which is the largest, approximately 10-15 mm, is usually sufficient.

In order to make the closing profile as less noticeable as possible, the implementation is carried out in accordance with the invention so that the head flange has a thickness of only about 1-5 mm.

Particularly good resistance to aging of refractory glazing, simple application of the closing profile and improved fastening and gluing of the closing profile to the refractory double-glazed windows are achieved if the head flange is made with an adhesive layer, at least in some parts of its back side, facing the refractory double-glazed windows. Alternatively, the execution can be carried out in such a way that a separate binder is provided between the head flange and the edge regions of the refractory glass units, while the binder can, for example, be applied to the edge of the window pane before pressing the closing profile or then introduced there, under the head flange.

The closing profile can be particularly effectively fixed in the sealing joint if its insertable leg is made with anchor means for mechanically securing the closing profile in the sealing joint. Anchoring means may, for example, comprise notches or locking protrusions or, if the sealing compound is provided in the sealing joint, indented holes for the sealing compound.

The length (at right angles to the head flange and to the window glass plane) of the inserted leg is preferably set so that after it is inserted into the sealing joint, it rests against the sealing tape, which thickens in case of fire. Its thickness (parallel to the plane of the window pane and located at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the closing profile and the sealing joint) is preferably given by such dimensions that, after being pushed into the sealing joint, it comes into contact with the edges of two adjacent refractory glass units with elastic tension.

A sealing tape that thickens in case of fire is usually located substantially centrally inside the sealing joint. It has been proven to be preferred if the sealing tape has a width of about 5-15 mm. “Width” here means the size of the sealing tape at right angles to the plane of the refractory glass. It is obvious that the width of the sealing tape, in any case, must be substantially smaller than the thickness of the refractory double-glazed windows, so that the part of the sealing joint, which is deep enough to insert and secure the inserted leg of the closing profile, remains accessible on both sides of the sealing tapes.

A particularly high degree of sealing of the sealing compound from the penetration of smoke, flame and hot gases, even when a fire occurs, can be achieved if the thickness of the sealing tape, which thickens in the case of fire, is set such that it contacts the edges of both refractory glass units after installation thus, the sealing joint is already closed by means of the sealing tape. Here it is permissible if in some areas there are small gaps between the sealing tapes and the edges of the glass, for example, when taking into account installation tolerances, since the dominant part of the sealing joint is, in any case, completely covered by the sealing tape. The typical width of the sealing joint for refractory glazing according to the invention is approximately 2-5 mm, thus, therefore, sealing tapes with a total thickness of approximately 2-5 mm are suitable for closing the sealing joint.

It is within the scope of the invention to use, instead of one sealing tape, two or possibly more layers of sealing tapes that are combined no later than during the assembly of the refractory glazing to form a sealing tape, in accordance with the invention. This can be done, for example, by fixing, before assembling the glazing, sealing strips on each of the two opposite edges of adjacent refractory glass units, while the two sealing strips come into contact after assembly and form a common sealing tape located between the two edges of the glass.

Sealing tapes that thicken in case of fire can be made of material that adheres to the edges of the window pane. However, they can also be provided, at least in some areas with a separate binder, if the material of the sealing tape is not sufficiently sticky. The sealing tapes preferably contain a prefabricated tape-shaped profile, but they can also be extruded directly onto the edges of the window pane.

In principle, various elastically deformable materials can be used for the closing profile. Surprisingly, it was found to be sufficient if the cover profile is made of normally flammable material, although it is not a disadvantage to use a poorly flammable or even non-combustible material for the cover profile (in accordance with DIN 4102). The closing profile is preferably made of normally or poorly flammable silicone material, alternatively it may contain EPDM, rubber or similar elastically deformable materials. The hardness of the material should be accordingly set so that the closing profile can be easily used and not deform too easily or too hard and can be installed in the sealing joint. Shore material with a Shore hardness of approximately 60 - 70 has been successfully tested and tested in practice.

Particularly durable refractory glazing can be obtained if the sealing elements contain, in addition to the sealing tape, which thickens in case of fire, and the closing profile, sealing compounds introduced into the sealing joint on both sides of the sealing tape, wherein said sealing compositions preferably contain silicone material (silicone glue). The main functions of these sealing compositions are to additionally seal the sealing compound and to further secure the closing profile in the sealing compound by means of a binder, namely, a sealing tape that thickens in case of fire, and in the edges of the fireproof glass or in their framing protective plates. Sealing compositions should also be at least normally flammable, preferably poorly flammable or even non-combustible (DIN 4102). Usually they are not made of material that thickens in case of fire.

In order to avoid contamination of the visible surfaces of the window pane, the number of sealing compounds is dosed so that, in the manufacture of refractory glazing, said sealing compositions, together with the inserted leg and sealing tape, which thickens in case of fire, at most fill the sealing joint, and preferably slightly less dosed.

Three sealing elements: the sealing tape, the sealing composition and the closing profile are preferably dimensioned, arranged and arranged in such a way that, after the sealing compounds have hardened, they generally represent a continuous, continuous H-shaped cross section. The flanges of the head of the closing profiles, in this case, are connected by means of a binder, with the help of their inserted legs and sealing compounds with sealing tapes, so that the specified H-shaped cross section is formed. Such a locally formed H-shaped section has significant advantages in handling over prefabricated H-shaped profiles known from the prior art.

Particularly rigid and, in the case of fire, non-dimensionally refractory glazing may become available due to the fact that the refractory glass units contain at least one window glass with a thickness of at least about 4 mm, preferably at least at least about 6 mm, more preferably at least about 8 mm, and this thick window pane is most used for the center pane. For the long-term resistance of refractory glazing, in the case of fire, it is also preferable for the two outer glass panes of the refractory glazing to each have a thickness of at least about 4 mm.

Refractory glazing, which not only meets the requirements of the EI 30 refractory class with a good safety margin, but is also resistant to mechanical stress, in particular to impact tests with a pendulum hammer from an initial height of 900 mm, in accordance with EN 12600, and which does not have an excessively large the thickness may become available due to the fact that the refractory double-glazed windows contain at least five glass panes, while the central window glass has a thickness of at least 8 mm, and the remaining glass windows - a thickness of not more than 4 mm. Alternatively or in addition to this, execution can be carried out for this purpose, in order to provide in the form of a single element of a refractory glass unit, at least one element of laminated safety glass with at least one intermediate layer made of such a material, like PVB or EVA. Such a laminated safety glass element can replace a monolithic window glass, in particular said central window glass, in order to impart enhanced security properties to the glazing.

During the manufacture, storage, use and installation of refractory double-glazed windows, it must be guaranteed that the latter possess and retain a high degree of flatness in order to keep the mismatch of the surfaces of the outer glass as small as possible in the area of the sealing joint between adjacent refractory double-glazed windows after their installation .

The device of the sealing elements according to the invention is particularly well suited, but not so exceptional, for refractory double-glazed windows, the edges of which are made with a framing protective plate. Such a framing protective plate may be used for one or more of the following purposes:

- protection of the edges of the window glass from mechanical damage, in particular, during transportation and during installation;

- protection of refractory intermediate layers that are sensitive to environmental influences, in particular humidity and gas diffusion;

- temporary overlap and retention of the material of the refractory intermediate layers of the refractory glass units, while such material thickens in the event of fire and falls on the edges of the window pane.

Framing protective plates for refractory glass units, such as the applicant has used in practice for many years, usually contain a thin aluminum foil for this purpose, as a diffusion barrier and as a mechanical protective film, while the aluminum foil is adhered with at least a suitable bonding agent to the edges (= narrow sides) of the double-glazed windows. Thin aluminum foil can be protected from mechanical influences from the outside by an additional thin layer (film), for example, based on polyester or other polymers such as polyurethane. Other framing protective plates do without a metal layer. The framing protective plates can be prefabricated and placed on the edge of the window pane, but they can also be made directly on the edge of the window pane, for example, by spraying and subsequently hardening a sealant that prevents diffusion of the material. Examples of framing protective plates are disclosed, for example, in WO 2005-070666 A1 and WO 2006-133896 A1, the invention being not limited to the materials disclosed therein. The thickness of the framing protective plates, respectively, is kept as small as possible, usually being less than a millimeter (approximately 50-500 microns).

Particularly good and long-term protection of refractory double-glazed windows is achieved if the framing protective plates are located at the edges of the outer window panes and, in part, on the surfaces of these window panes.

In this case, it is preferable to worry about ensuring that the flange of the head of the closing profile inserted in the sealing joint is so wide that it completely covers the framing protective plates.

If the reverse side of the head flange is made with an adhesive layer and the framing protective plate extends along the surfaces of the outer window panes, the head flange must have a width that is such that at least part of its adhesive layer comes into contact with the surface of the outer window panes without a framing a protective plate located between them, in order to achieve the best possible bonding connection of the closing profile with the glass surface and, thus, sealing the sealing connection relative relative to the outside and completely closing the framing protective plate.

The invention will be described in detail below using the drawings and an example embodiment. In the drawings:

figure 1 shows a General schematic view of an illustrative refractory glazing;

figure 2 shows a cross-section through refractory glazing, in accordance with the invention, as indicated in figure 1, in the area of the sealing connection between two adjacent refractory double-glazed windows immediately before the insertion of the closing profiles in the sealing connection;

figure 3 shows a cross section similar to figure 2, an additional embodiment of the invention.

1-3 are schematic and not to scale.

Figure 1 shows an illustrative refractory glazing, which contains four refractory glass units 1 located next to each other, while their vertical dimensions (height) are much larger than their horizontal dimensions (width). Refractory double-glazed windows 1 are closed and fixed on their upper and lower edges by means of an external frame 2, suitable for refractory applications and having a standard design, which does not need further description here. An outer frame 2 is also provided along the vertical outer edges of the two extreme fireproof glass units 1.

In the central one, which makes it possible to look through the areas of refractory glazing, four refractory double-glazed windows 1 are located next to each other with the inclusion of three narrow, vertical, sealing joints without a supporting structure according to the principle of the outer frame 2 provided here. Details of illustrative sealing devices in accordance with the invention in the field of sealing connections are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 using the cross section indicated in FIG. 1, with the same numeric designations being used for the same elements.

Refractory double-glazed windows 1 each contains many window panes 3 (five window panes 3 in FIG. 2 and three window panes 3 in FIG. 3), as well as many intermediate layers 4 (four intermediate layers 4 in FIG. 2 and two intermediate layers 4 on figure 3), which thicken in case of fire.

Window panes 3 can be made of different glass materials, in particular from standard sheet glass based on sodium-calcium-silicate glass, as well as borosilicate glass, glass ceramics, or similar materials known to those skilled in the art of refractory glazing. Individual or all window panes 3, depending on the need, can be painted or transmit particularly light, in particular, have a low content of iron oxide, be made with such coatings as, for example, heat-reflecting coatings, or be made with a structured glass surface . In addition to window panes 3 and intermediate layers 4 that thicken in case of fire, laminated safety glass elements not shown in the figures can be provided, for example, with intermediate layers of PVB or EVA, in particular in order to achieve appropriate accident safety in accordance with the relevant standards establishing safety regulations. Refractory double-glazed windows 1 can also be made in the form of blocks of insulating glass with the space between the glass panes filled with gas. The thickness of the window panes 3 is usually about 1.5-10 mm, and the invention is not limited to these thicknesses.

The intermediate layers 4, which thicken in the case of fire, usually contain water-containing liquid glass with a weight ratio of SiO ₂ to Na ₂ O of 2.7-3.5, preferably about 3.3. They preferably have a glycerol content of 5-15% by weight, preferably 8-14% by weight. Their internal humidity (water content in% by weight) may be less than 28%, preferably about 25%. Other intermediate layers 4, which thicken in case of fire and which are suitable within the scope of the invention, may have other ratios, in particular higher water contents, include other liquid glasses, in particular potassium or lithium silicates, have different SiO ₂ ratios to liquid glass or contain additional or other additives.

Refractory double-glazed windows 1 and their manufacture are explained and described in a large number of publications that should be mentioned, in addition to the documents given in the introductory part of the description, and only as an example, DE 1900054 A1, WO 2004-014813 A2, EP 1322465 B1, EP 1274569 B1, EP 1206349 B1, EP 1044801 A2, DE 3214852 A1, DE 3231975 C2, WO 2006-114421 A1, WO 2006-092426 A1, WO 2005-115746 A1.

The edges of the refractory double-glazed windows 1 are protected mechanically and from environmental influences by the framing protective plates 5. The framing protective plates 5 in FIG. 2 are located at the edges of the two extreme window glasses 3 and extend in the edge region of their outer surfaces, while the framing protective plates 5 figure 3 are limited to the actual boundary region (= narrow sides of the refractory glass units 1). For the embodiment of FIG. 2, they benefit from, for example, a prefabricated framing protective plate that has been used by the applicant for many years and having the structure: adhesive layer / aluminum foil / adhesive layer / polyester top layer with a total thickness of approximately 260 μm, while for the framing protective plates in FIG. 3, consideration is given, for example, for in situ hardening material, in accordance with WO 2006-133896 A1. However, the invention is not limited to specific framing protective plates 5, as long as the latter fulfill one or more of their aforementioned functions.

Two adjacent refractory double-glazed windows 1 each are flush and with a distance between the edges in the range of several millimeters with the inclusion of a narrow sealing connection. Inside the sealing joint, more specifically, essentially at its center, as the first sealing member is placed a sealing tape 10 made of a material that thickens in case of fire. Such sealing tapes 10 are known to those skilled in the art of refractory glazing or other refractory structures. Such sealing tapes are commercially available, for example, under the trademarks Kerafix ™ Flexpan or Kerafix ™ Blähpapier (thickening paper). The sealing tape 10 has a width (at right angles to the plane of the window glass) that is significantly less than the thickness of the refractory glass units 1. It is usually about 5-15 mm, in particular about 6 mm. The total thickness of the sealing tape 10, either single-layer or multilayer, corresponds, in the presented case, to the distance between the edges of the refractory glass units 1 so that the sealing tape 10 essentially completely covers the sealing joint.

In Fig.2, as in Fig.3, there is a sealing composition 11 applied to the two free surfaces of the sealing tape 10, which was placed in drops in the sealing joint, after the assembly of the refractory double-glazed windows. The sealing composition 11 comprises a sealant, preferably made of a silicone material that hardens in air, which, in all cases, adheres to the window panes 3 and sealing tape 10 during application. At least these normally flammable gaskets and, in particular, normally flammable or poorly flammable silicone sealants, which are usually used for glazing, in principle, are suitable for the sealing composition 11. It is not absolutely necessary, but until it is reasonably likely to use poorly flammable or fire retardant special materials for the sealant 11. The amount of sealant 11 present in the seal is metered so that there is still enough space to allow the closure profile 20, described below, to be inserted into the seal, however, the sealing composition 11 is not expelled from the sealing compound under normal conditions, which would lead to contamination of the surfaces window glass.

After placing the sealing composition 11 and, preferably, before hardening, the closing profile 20 is inserted into the sealing connection on both sides of the refractory glass units 1. The closing profile 20 is approximately made with a T-shape in cross section. It includes a head flange 21 covering the sealing joint and adjacent edge regions of the refractory glass units 1, as well as an insertable leg 22 that can be inserted into the sealing joint. Figure 2 shows the position of the closing profile 20 immediately prior to insertion into the sealing joint, while figure 3 shows the closing profile 20 already fixed in the sealing joint.

The flange 21 of the head of the closing profile 20 before insertion, preferably has a flat shape in the form of an arch (see figure 2), which can become flattened when the closing profile 20 is pushed into the sealing connection (see figure 3). Its width is set by dimensions in such a way that, as in the case of FIG. 2, it completely overlaps the ends of the framing protective plates 5 and, in addition, the edge region of the outer glass surfaces located next to them. In order to facilitate the use of the closing profile 20 and to protect the area of the sealing joint, in particular from moisture, the reverse side of the head flange 21 facing the double-glazed windows is preferably provided in some areas, as shown in figure 2, with an adhesive layer 24 As a material for the adhesive layer 24, all long-term adhesion binders that can adhere well, possibly after pre-treatment, for example with a primer, to the surface with Yecla and the material of the flange 21 of the head, such as double-sided transparent adhesive tape strip on the basis of acrylate.

The length of the inserted leg 22 is preferably dimensioned so that it reaches the sealing tape 10 after the closing profile 20 has pushed into the sealing joint, but it can also be made smaller, however, the length, however, must be sufficiently large for the implementation of a sufficiently reliable fastening of the closing profile 20 in the sealing connection. It preferably (as in FIGS. 2 and 3) should at least have a size such that the end of the inserted leg 22, when it is pushed into the sealing joint, at least reaches the plane of the outermost layers 4 of the adjacent refractory glass units 1 so so that in the case of fire, the insertion of the foot 22 will be clamped by the thickening material of the respective intermediate layers 4 and, thus, additional fixation of the closing profile 20 in the sealing joint.

The insertable leg 22 is preferably made with anchor means 23, for example with notches placed on the edges of the refractory glass units 1 (Fig. 2), or in the form of elastically deformable retaining protrusions, or with indented holes for the sealing composition 11 in the insertable leg 22 (not shown ), with which the closing profile 20 can be secured in the sealing connection from inadvertent removal or loss. When the sealing composition 11 is provided in the sealing connection, the insertable leg 22 is preferably pressed into the sealing composition 11 so that the sealing composition 11 spreads around the anchor means 23 and therefore (after the sealing composition 11 has hardened), the closing profile 20 is further fixed sealing connection by forced blocking and / or gluing. In the case of small installation tolerances, it is possible to dispense with the elastically deformable anchor means 23, and it may be sufficient to set the thickness of the elastically deformable insert leg 22, essentially having the shape of a rectangle in cross section, so that the latter has small overall dimensions and, when pressed into the sealing joint was held by the clamping force of the edges of the refractory glass units 1, as shown schematically in FIG.

This is within the scope of the invention if it is necessary to dispense with the introduction of the sealing compound 11 into the sealing joint, if a sufficiently reliable fastening of the closing profile 20 in the sealing joint can be achieved in another way, for example by mechanical fastening or by means of an adhesive joint using a bonding agent applied to the glass side or the side of the profile, and the sealing tape 10 together with the closing profile 20 close the sealing joint quite well and with long mennoy resistance.

The closing profile 20 can be made of a variety of elastically deformable materials, which, however, should at least be normally flammable and preferably low flammable (DIN 4102). Cover profiles 20 made of silicone material with a Shore hardness of approximately 60-70 have been successfully tested and tested in practice. The closing profile 20, depending on the need, can be painted and thus contribute to the aesthetic design of the refractory glazing. Moreover, the head flange 21 may be coated on its upper side facing away from the refractory glass units 1, for example, with a colored varnish or a dirt-repellent coating.

After inserting the closing profiles 20 into the sealing joints of the refractory glazing and after any required hardening of the sealing compositions 11 and any binding agents that can be used, the refractory glazing according to the invention is suitable as a reliable means for refractory purposes. The desired refractoriness, for example fire resistance of class EI 30 or EI 60 of the relevant European standards, can be adjusted using the applicable design of refractory double-glazed windows 1 and the outer frame 2.

In FIG. 2, and especially in FIG. 3, a sealing device comprising closing profiles 20 connected by gluing, sealing compositions 11 and sealing tape 10 has a substantially stabilized H-shape in cross section with a transverse jumper passing through sealing connection, and with external jumpers covering the edge regions of the refractory glass units 1.

In the case of a fire (simulated by a type fire test), the refractory glazing according to the invention approximately behaves as follows:

After the fire broke out, the refractory intermediate layers 4 consecutively thicken from the side of the fire to the side away from the fire, and thus form insulating layers that isolate from heat conduction and radiation, while these insulating layers protect the window panes 3 and intermediate layers from fire 4, facing away from the fire, and temporarily cool the latter by evaporation of water enclosed in the respective intermediate layers 4. Window panes 3 crack, or soften, or melt after a certain time, but at the same time the intermediate layers 4 then already harden with sufficient stability in order to take on the supporting function of the window panes 3.

Foaming of the intermediate layers 4 not only leads to an increase in the thickness of the refractory double-glazed windows 1, but they also swell in the sealing compounds until any remaining or newly created gaps in the sealing compounds are filled. Moreover, the sealing tape 10, located at the beginning in the sealing connection, thickens after the fire broke out and spreads in the sealing connection. A silicate structure is formed in the sealing joint from foaming of both the sealing tape 10 and the material of the intermediate layers 4 appearing in the sealing joint, so that the adjacent refractory double-glazed windows 1 are completely mechanically connected to each other and stabilized relative to each other by means of foam material.

If the edges of the refractory double-glazed windows 1 are made with a framing protective plate 5, the foamed material of the intermediate layers 4 remains, at least for a certain time, closed by the framing protective plates 5. However, the framing protective plates 5 are deformed in the direction of the edge of the adjacent refractory double-glazed window 1, until until the framing protective plates 5, initially spaced apart, come into contact. Therefore, in the presence of fire-retardant plates 5, after a certain time, a mechanical connection of the refractory double-glazed windows 1, initially located next to each other, with the inclusion of the sealing joint, and stabilization and sealing of the refractory glazing in the area of the sealing joint also occurs.

The appearance of the material of the intermediate layers 4 in the sealing joint has the desired result that the inserted legs 22 of the closing profiles 20 are thus additionally fixed in the sealing joint so that they can cover and close the sealing joint for a longer time. It is obvious that the closing profile 20 on the side facing the fire will soften, melt and become scorched, after some time, and will open the sealing joint on the side of the fire. However, by then the sealing tape 10 will have foamed up and the material of the intermediate layers 4 will fall into the sealing compound, possibly swelling outward from the framing protective plates 5, so that a sufficient density of the sealing compound from the passage of the flame, hot gases and smoke remains, despite removal of the closing profile 20 from the side of the fire. Also here, the auxiliary means is the closing profile 20, facing away from the fire, which is protected and secured by foamed sealing tape 10 and the material of the intermediate layers 4 and which only softens much later than the closing profile 20 from the fire side, but neither melts nor becomes scorched with a sealing compound that is still closed.

An example implementation

Four refractory glass units with a height of 3 m and a width of 70 cm to 1.30 m were assembled to form refractory glazing with a total width of approximately 4 m. The outer edges of the refractory glass units were additionally installed in a refractory outer frame of a standard design. Sealing joints with a width of approximately 5 mm in each case were located between the three vertical edges of adjacent refractory glass units.

Fireproof double-glazed windows each had the following design:

G4 / WG 1.4 / G 2.6 / WG 1.4 / G 8 / WG 1.4 / G 2.6 / WG 1.4 / G 4.

“G” stands for standard sodium-calcium-silicate glass type window glass and “WG” is a refractory interlayer based on liquid glass (liquid glass based on sodium silicate, molar ratio SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O of approximately 3.3, content water 25% by weight, glycerol content of approximately 10% by weight), while digital data transmit the thickness of the corresponding layers in mm. The total thickness of the refractory glass units was approximately 27 mm. The edges of the refractory double-glazed windows were provided on the periphery with a framing protective plate containing aluminum foil, which passed up to about 5 mm, on the surface of the outer double-glazed windows.

Refractory double-glazed windows were designed in such a way that they passed the impact test on a pendulum head from a height of 900 mm, in accordance with EN 12600.

Sealing tapes approximately 6 mm wide and approximately 5 mm thick, from a material that thickens in case of fire (made of two layers of 2.5 mm thick sealing tapes that thicken in case of fire, available for purchase under Kerafix ™ Flexpan trademarks), were fixed, in each case, along the entire height in the center of the three vertical sealing joints, while the refractory double-glazed windows were installed with such a distance between the edges that the sealing tapes essentially covered the sealing joint.

After assembly, an acetate-based bonding silicone sealant for glass structures, hardening in air, was applied as drops to the exposed surfaces of the sealing tapes by means of a spray cartridge (see FIG. 2).

Before the sealing compound hardened, the cover profiles, with a cross section in accordance with FIG. 2, were inserted on both sides into the sealing joints so that the inserted legs of the closing profiles touched the sealing tapes. The closing profiles were made of silicone material with a Shore hardness of approximately 60. The reverse side of the head flange of the closing profiles was pretreated in some areas with a primer so that the double-sided acrylate adhesive tape could be glued there. The closing profiles were connected to refractory double-glazed windows and secured in the sealing joint in many ways:

- by means of mechanical fastening of their inserted legs at the edges of the refractory double-glazed windows using anchor means similar to notches,

- by bonding the inserted legs with a sealing compound,

- by gluing together the reverse sides of their head flanges by means of double-sided adhesive tape with glass surfaces (both directly and indirectly through the ends of the framing protective plates).

Refractory glazing made in this way was tested for fire resistance, in accordance with EN 1363 and 1364. After 30 minutes, some of the double-glazed windows cracked, but the refractory double-glazed windows, in general, still performed their function as a means of covering the room, and the temperature on the side facing away from the fire, on average, did not exceed 140 ° C. All sealing joints were still covered with foamed sealing tape material, extruded material of the intermediate layers, the material of the protective plates and / or the closing profiles facing away from the fire, so the EI 30 glazing requirements were met. The surface temperature of the closing profiles did not exceed 130 ° C at any point, after 30 minutes.

During a fire test, a 1.3 m wide fire-resistant glass pane, free-standing on both vertical edges, became clearly more deformed, as expected, than an adjacent 70-cm-wide fireproof glass pane attached to the outer frame on a vertical edge. However, two adjacent refractory glass units are jammed with each other at their edges due to foaming of the intermediate layers and the associated elongation of the framing protective plates in the sealing joint and due to the foaming of the sealing tapes, thus eliminating the appearance of a gap between two window panes through which the flame, hot gases or smoke could penetrate. During the entire fire test, the seal joint remained covered with a closing profile facing away from the fire.

Claims (25)

1. Refractory glazing containing at least two refractory double-glazed windows (1) located next to each other with their edges, with the inclusion of a narrow sealing compound, while double-glazed windows, each contains at least three window panes (3) and at least two intermediate layers (4) that thicken in the event of fire, wherein a plurality of sealing elements are located in the sealing connection, wherein the sealing elements comprise a sealing tape (10) located inside the sealing connection and thickening in the case of fire, characterized in that the sealing elements also contain closing profiles (20) made of elastically deformable material, which contain a head flange (21) covering both the sealing connection and the edge region of both refractory double-glazed windows (1) located next to sealing compound, and which contain an inserted leg (22) located in the sealing connection between the refractory double-glazed windows (1). 2. Refractory glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the head flange (21) covers at least 5 mm of the width of the edge regions of both refractory glass units (1). 3. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the head flange (21) has a thickness of 1-5 mm. 4. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the head flange (21) is made with an adhesive layer (24), at least in some parts of its reverse side, facing the refractory double-glazed windows (1). 5. Refractory glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the head flange (21) is made with an adhesive layer (24), at least in some parts of its reverse side, facing the refractory double-glazed windows (1). 6. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inserted leg (22) provides anchor means (23) for mechanically securing the closing profile (20) in the sealing joint. 7. Refractory glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the inserted leg (22) provides anchor means (23) for mechanically securing the closing profile (20) in the sealing joint. 8. Refractory glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that the inserted leg (22) provides anchor means (23) for mechanically securing the closing profile (20) in the sealing joint. 9. Refractory glazing according to claim 5, characterized in that the inserted leg (22) provides anchor means (23) for mechanically securing the closing profile (20) in the sealing joint. 10. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the inserted leg (22) is set in such a way that it abuts against the sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire. 11. Refractory glazing according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of the inserted leg (22) is set in such a way that it abuts against the sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire. 12. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inserted leg (22) is an elastic deforming leg, which is clamped between the edges of two adjacent refractory double-glazed windows (1). 13. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire, has a width of 5-15 mm. 14. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire, is set in such a way that it contacts the edges of both adjacent refractory glass units (1). 15. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the closing profile (20) is made of silicone material. 16. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing elements also contain sealing compounds (11) inserted into the sealing joint on both sides of the sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire. 17. Refractory glazing according to claim 16, characterized in that the number of sealing compounds (11) is dosed so that the latter together with the inserted leg (22) and sealing tape (10), which thickens in case of fire, fill the sealing compound. 18. Refractory glazing according to claim 16, characterized in that the sealing compositions (11) are made of silicone material. 19. Refractory glazing according to item 16, characterized in that the sealing elements (10, 11, 20), in General, have a continuous H-shaped cross section. 20. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the refractory double-glazed windows (1) contain at least one window glass (3) with a thickness of at least 4 mm, preferably at least 6 mm more preferably at least 8 mm. 21. Refractory glazing according to claim 20, characterized in that the refractory double-glazed windows (1) contain at least five window panes (3), while the central window glass (3) has a thickness of at least 8 mm, and other window panes (1) have a thickness of not more than 4 mm. 22. Refractory glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edges of the refractory double-glazed windows (1) are made with a framing protective plate (5). 23. Refractory glazing according to claim 22, characterized in that the framing protective plate (5) is located on the outer surfaces of the refractory double-glazed windows (1). 24. Refractory glazing according to claim 23, characterized in that the flange (21) of the head of the closing profile (20) completely covers the framing protective plates (5). 25. Refractory glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that the head flange (21) has a width such that at least a portion of its adhesive layer (24) comes into contact with the surfaces of the refractory glass panes (1) without a framing protective plate (5) located between them.

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