RU2463421C1 - Pneumatic building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic building structure comprises an upper belt, being a pneumatic panel in the form of a cylindrical or a dome-shaped surface. The pneumatic panel comprises a row of pneumatic arc elements arranged in parallel or radially. Pneumatic arc elements are made of a tight tent or film shell filled with gas under excessive pressure. Under the upper belt there is a tent or a film shell arranged as tightly connected with it along the perimetre. The shell under the upper belt forms a closed circuit containing gas under excessive pressure together with the upper belt.

EFFECT: reduced maximum thrust sent to support structures of a building, improved heat insulation, stability of coating shape and lower material intensity.

24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used as an element of the coating of buildings and structures for various purposes.

Pneumatic building structures consist of soft shells filled with gas, which is under excess pressure and is the main working fluid.

There are two main types of pneumatic structures used in construction: air-bearing and air-bearing [1].

The shell of the first relies on air in a closed volume [2, 3]. They are used both as coatings for buildings in general, and as individual coating elements [4, 5, 6].

However, their main disadvantages are as follows:

- the presence of a spill transmitted to the building frame structure in the absence of an external payload. The spread decreases with increasing arrow of the shell and reaches zero (from internal pressure) when the height of the shell is equal to ½ span. In this case, the design becomes not economical due to its increased overall dimensions;

- not sufficient heat insulating properties;

- insufficient stability of the shell surface (the appearance of local concavities and dents under uneven snow and wind influences). The increase in stability is achieved by increasing the internal pressure, which leads to an increase in pores and stresses in the shell. Pressure growth is possible only in a narrow range (several hundred pascals) due to the large radii of curvature of the surface and the limited strength of the materials.

Airborne structures are individual sealed rods or panels (a sequence of rods connected along the length) of a rectilinear or curved shape. The rods or panels are made of a soft shell and filled with air at elevated pressure [7, 8, 9, 10]. Decision [9] was taken as a PROTOTYPE.

The advantages of air-bearing structures over air-bearing structures are as follows:

- the lack of pressure transmitted to the building frame from the internal air pressure in the shell;

- increased stability, as small radii of surface curvature allow the use of large pressures (tens of kilopascals);

- the ability to perceive compressive forces and bending moments.

There are the following fundamental solutions for pneumatic-panel constructions: inflatable rods are independent and, when combined into a panel, touch each other in a straight or curved line; the rods partially intersect each other along the length, while the surface connecting the intersection lines of the shells can be solved in the form of diaphragms [9] or bonds [10].

The disadvantages of airborne structures are as follows:

- Insufficient thermal insulation, the possibility of condensation and frost on the surface oriented inside the room;

- low bearing capacity of rectilinear rods or panels (working according to the beam scheme);

- the occurrence of spores from external loads transmitted to the building frame structure by rods and panels of arched shape.

Known solutions for the combination of air-support shells with supporting rigid struts and high-strength cables [11, 12]. The disadvantages of these systems are common with the disadvantages of conventional air-support shells: the presence of a spread, insufficient thermal insulation and limited stability of the surface shape.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce the maximum thrust transmitted to the supporting structures of the building, increase thermal insulation and stability of the coating shape, reduce material consumption.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the use of a pneumatic building structure, the upper belt of which is a pneumatic panel in the form of a cylindrical or dome-shaped surface, consisting of a number of pneumo-arch elements located parallel or radially, made of a sealed tent or film shell filled with gas under overpressure. The lower belt of the proposed design is an awning or film sheath, hermetically connected to the pneumatic panel around the perimeter and forming with it a closed loop containing gas under excess pressure.

The proposed technical solution is described by the following graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the proposed pneumatic building structure (main option).

Figure 2 shows a section 1-1 of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a section 2-2 of figure 1, option 1.

Figure 4 shows a section 2-2 of figure 1, option 2.

Figure 5 shows a section 3-3 of figure 1.

In Fig.6 shows a schematic diagram of a fragment of the lower tent shell 2 used for the solution shown in Fig.1.

On figa shows a schematic diagram of a fragment of the lower tent sheath 2a used for the solutions shown in Fig.8 and 12.

On figv shows a schematic diagram of a fragment of the lower tent shell 2B used for the solutions shown in Fig.7 and 13.

Figure 7 shows a top view of the proposed pneumatic building structure (second option).

On Fig shows a top view of the proposed pneumatic building structure (third option).

In Fig.9 shows a section 4-4 (scan) in Fig.8.

Figure 10 shows a section 5-5 of figure 8.

In Fig.11 shows a section 6-6 of Fig.7.

On Fig shows a top view of part of the proposed pneumatic building structure (fourth option).

On Fig shows a top view of the proposed pneumatic building structure (fifth option).

Fig. 14 shows a possible arrangement of the lower supporting cables 7 for the systems shown in Figs. 1, 7, 13.

On Fig shows a possible location of the lower supporting cables 7 for the systems shown in Fig, 12.

On Fig shows a possible location of the lower supporting cables 7 for the systems shown in Fig, 12.

On Fig shows the site of support of the proposed pneumatic building structures located in adjacent spans on the supporting structure of the building frame.

On Fig shows the site of support of the proposed pneumatic building structure located in the extreme span, on the supporting structure of the building frame.

On Fig.19-22 shows a section a-a of Fig.17 and 18. Various options.

In Fig.23 shows the Assembly 24, installed in the supporting elements 3 or 3a.

On Fig is a schematic diagram of a combined diaphragm 32.

The proposed technical solution (Fig. 1) consists of a number of pneumatic arch elements 1, forming a sealed convex upward air panel containing a closed loop 5. The upper and lower zones of the air panel are made of an awning or film shell and are interconnected by elements 4 (Fig. 2).

Elements 4 can be solved in the form of diaphragms [9] or a cable system [10]. The cable system does not allow hermetic separation of adjacent pneumatic arches from each other, which can lead to depressurization of the entire pneumatic panel when the shell of one of its elements ruptures. Thus, the use of diaphragms [9] made of tent or film materials is more preferable for reasons of reliability.

The design of the pneumatic arch and pneumatic panel is known [7, 8, 9, 10] and is not the subject of this invention.

Under the pneumatic panel is an awning or film sheath 2, hermetically connected to the pneumatic panel around the perimeter and forming a closed loop 6 with it.

The shell 2 (Fig.6) consists of the following elements: flat fragments 9, 17 and the main panel 18, having (in tension) positive curvature and which should be made of a number of stripes of awning, welded or glued to each other. Fragment 17 is bent along line 20 for attaching the shell (Fig.17, 18).

Closed circuits 5 and 6 contain gas (air, helium, or any other non-combustible gas suitable for economic reasons) under overpressure. The gas pressures in elements 5 and 6 are generally different and should be determined by calculation.

To increase the pressure in the circuit 6, cables 7 supporting the shell 2 are installed, which reduce the radii of curvature of the region 18 of the shell 2 and reduce the stresses in it. The cables 7 can have both parallel and more complex mutual arrangement (Fig.14-16).

The pneumatic panel can be divided into a number of sections or sectors, within which the elements 1 communicate with each other, forming a single closed loop 5. In special cases, a section (sector) can include only one pneumatic arch (for large-span systems operating on a permanent basis) or all pneumatic arch (for temporary structures with small dimensions).

On top of the pneumatic panel, between the individual elements 1, fixing cables 8 can be installed (Figs. 1, 2, 18). Elements 8 must be equipped with tensioning devices (not shown in the figures), allowing them to be included in the work in the absence of excess pressure in circuit 6.

Pneumatic arched elements 1 and 1e are based on transition elements 3, which are a sealed tent shell 22, filled with gas under excess pressure (Fig, 18). Elements 3 are separated from elements 1 and 1e by diaphragms 23 made of an awning, which will not allow the entire pneumatic panel to be depressurized in case of violation of the integrity of the transition element 3 or individual pneumatic arches. In length, in order to increase reliability, the elements 3 should be divided by transverse diaphragms (not shown in the figures), the step of which exceeds the transverse dimensions of the pneumatic arches and which hermetically separate the various sectors of the elements 3 from each other.

Elements 3 can rely on the supporting structures of the building frame (roof trusses, supporting contours along the perimeter, etc.) in various ways, for example, the following (Fig.17, 18).

Assemblies 24, consisting of two longitudinal elements 25 (pipes of small diameter or rods) with a welded plate 26 (as shown in Fig. 23), are wound into elements 3. The pressure plate 27 is held by screws 28. The plate 27 must be equipped with devices for fixing the position of the screws 28 (welding of the screws 28 to the plate 27 is possible). A fragment 17 of the element 2 is wound between the assembled element 3 and the supporting table 30, the design of which is beyond the scope of this invention. The element 17 is wrapped around the rod or cable 29 along the bend line 20 (Fig.6) (in the usual way, which is not the subject of this invention) and is fixed to the element 30 together with the elements 3 by screws 28. It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the screw connection, the design of which is beyond scope of the invention. For the perception of longitudinal forces in the diaphragm 4, a diaphragm (connection) 31 should be installed, as shown in Figs. 17, 18, which is fixed to the plate 26 by the clamping element 27 and screws 28. The diaphragm 31 can be separate (Fig. 19, 20), so be a continuation of the diaphragm 4 (Fig.21, 22), passing through the diaphragm 23 (or replacing it). In all cases, it is necessary to ensure the tightness (volume independence) of the circuit 5 and element 3. The connection of the diaphragms 4, 31 with the diaphragm 23 is carried out by conventional methods and is not the subject of this invention. The diaphragms 4, 31 and the fragment of the diaphragm 23 can be made from a single canvas awning, as shown in Fig.24, making up a combined element 32. The elements 32 are connected together by welding or firmware along lines 33 (Fig.22).

When the device is coated in two adjacent sections (Fig. 17), a gutter 34 made of awning material should be installed. The gutter is welded to the previously installed and connected elements 1 and 3, filled with gas under the initial overpressure. The groove 34 is fixed by a longitudinal cable 35 (projected into a point in Fig.), Protected from moisture by a tent pocket 36. All connections of elements 34, 35 and 36 are standard and are not the subject of this invention.

The proposed technical solution can be used as a coating of buildings on a rectangular or circular plans.

The coating on a rectangular plan (Fig. 1) is adjacent to the longitudinal axes of the building (Figs. 3, 4, 5) by means of guides 10, which are fixedly fixed to the supports 21 (for example, the upper belts of the truss trusses). The regions 9 of the elements 2 are wrapped and hermetically fixed to the extreme pneumoarches 1e and the ends of the elements 3.

Using the guy wires 11 (Fig. 3), the element 9 is fixed to the guides 10 as follows: the guy wires 11 are fixed at one end to the tent cover 2, and the second are connected to each other at points 12 (by welding, lacing, glue or other known method), covering guide 10.

The second option for fixing the element 9 to the guide 10 (figure 4) is the use of high-strength ties 13, fastened at one end to the tent cover 2, and the other to the longitudinal cable 14, placed in the pocket of the tent 15. High-strength connection covers the guide 10 and element 9 reducing stress in the latter.

In both cases, the installation of the sealing aprons 16 of the awning or film material in the corners of the coating (figure 1, 5).

The coating on a rectangular plan (Figs. 7, 11) is adjacent to the longitudinal axes of the building through the supporting element 3, on which the transverse pneumatic half-tunes 1t and 1et are supported, consisting (similar to elements 1) of the upper and lower zones connected by 4t diaphragms and containing gas under overpressure in the amount of 5t. Elements 1t and 1et also rely on extreme pneumatic arches 1e. In the corners of the building, where the coating height does not allow placing half arches, so-called "Air bags" 37, consisting of upper 38 and lower 39 belts and containing gas under excess pressure in a volume of 40. Air bags are based on elements 1e, 1et, 3.

The coating on a rectangular plan (Fig. 13) consists of a pneumatic panel, including a number of pneumatic arch elements 41 located parallel to the diagonals of the building, and “air cushions” 42. In accordance with [13], the diagonal arrangement of the bearing elements transmitting the spacer to the support contour leads to a decrease moments in the reference circuit. The pneumatic arched elements 41 and the "air bags" 42 are similar in design to the air arches 1 and "air bags" 37, respectively, described above. Sealing aprons 16 should be installed in the corners of the coating.

The coating on a circular plan (Figs. 8, 9, 10) is adjacent to the support contour 47 through the support element 3a, on which the pneumatic half 1a are supported, consisting (similar to elements 1) of the upper and lower zones joined by diaphragms 4a and containing excess gas pressure in the volume of 5a. In the middle of the span, the pneumatic half-bearings rest on the pneumatic balloon 43 in the form of a torus. The central part of the span is occupied by a “pneumopillow” 44, consisting of an upper 45 and a lower 46 belts made of an awning and hermetically connected to the torus 43. It is possible to use a rigid lamp design with filling from translucent material (eg glass) instead of elements 43 and 44 (on Fig. not shown).

To equalize the distance between the diaphragms separating the pneumatic half from each other, in the direction from the reference contour of the coating 47 to the center of the building, the solution shown in Fig. 12 should be applied. The difference is that the pneumatic coating panel consists of separate sectors 48, consisting of the upper 49 and the lower 50 tent covers, joined by additional diaphragms 52, not reaching the central element 43. The sectors 48 are joined together by means of the main diaphragms 51.

The advantages of the technical solution proposed in this invention include the following:

- reduction of spread. Under the action of external loads (for example, snow), the strut Нв in the upper pneumatic panel, consisting of elements 1, decreases and becomes negative, i.e. outward span. This is due to the fact that the elements 1 and the pneumatic panel as a whole are capable of absorbing compressive forces, in contrast to the upper belts of conventional air support systems (for example, the so-called “air cushions”), which operate only in tension. The HB spacer, combined with the positive spacing in the lower shell 2, directed inward of the span, leads to lower total values compared to air-bearing systems in which both shells have a positive spreader, as well as compared to air-bearing systems, the negative spacing of which is not compensated in any way ;

- the gas contained in the circuit 6 under excess pressure, has a supporting effect on the pneumatic panels, consisting of elements 1, which reduces their deformability and allows you to accept more significant loads without shutting down;

- the design, having two air chambers, has improved thermal insulation characteristics;

- deflections of the upper belt of the proposed system, reaching maximum values from uneven and asymmetric external loads, are allowed not to be limited from aesthetic and psychological requirements (Clause 10.4 of SNiP 2.01.07-85 *), because the upper belt is hidden from view by the lower belt, the deformations of which are always uniform (due to the equality of air pressure at all points);

- reduced material consumption, because the system does not require the use of internal struts and a rigid central drum, and the cross-section of the support loop 47 is reduced due to a decrease in the thrust.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Ermolov V.V. Pneumatic building structures / V.V. Ermolov, W.U. Byrd, E. Bubner and others; Ed. V.V. Ermolova. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983 .-- 439 p., Ill.

2. Ermolov V.V. Pneumatic structures of air support type / V.V. Ermolov, A.S. Wobly, A.I. Manshavin and others; Ed. V.V. Ermolova. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1973.- 288 p., Ill.

3. Otto F. Pneumatic building structures. Design and calculation of structures from cables, grids and membranes / F. Otto, R. Trostel; Per. with him. A.A. Gogeshvili. - M .: Publishing house of literature on construction, 1967. - 320 p., Ill.

4. Pat. 5027564 USA, E04H 15/64, E04B 1/32, E04H 15/32, E04H 15/20, E04B 001/345. Building construction with a chamber which can be acted upon by a fluid medium / R. Lechner (Germany), 02.07.1991. Application 05/04/1989.

5. Pat. 4878322 USA, A01G 9/14, E04H 15/20, E04B 001/345. Insulating plastic film structures and method / G. Ikeda (USA), W.B. Walker (USA), 04/04/1989. Application 08/05/1988.

6. Pat. 4114325 USA, E04H 15/20, E04B 001/34. Inflatable structure / A.Hochstein (Germany), 09/19/1978. Application 07/27/1977.

7. Pat. 511472 United States, E04H 15/20. Tubular structure filled with gaseous fluid / J.A. Sumovski (Russia), 12/26/1893. Application 10/17/1892.

8. A.c. 548691. Russian Federation, E04B 1/345. Pneumatic arch / A.A. Okhotnikov, V.V. Ermolov, G.L. Chervyakov, Yu.G. Antsigin, G.N. Pakushin, N.A. Mukhametshin (USSR). - Application. 09/22/1975. Publ. 02/28/1977.

9. Pat. 3247627 USA, E04H 15/20. Dual wall air inflated structure / W.W. Bird (USA), 04/26/1966. Application 09/25/1962 (Prototype).

10. Pat. 4676032 USA, E04H 15/20, E04B 001/34. Inflatable wall structure / P.Jutras (Canada), 06.30.1987. Application 10/28/1983.

11. Pat. 6282842 USA, E04H 15/20, E04H 003/10. Inflatable roof support systems / R.R.Simens (USA), 04/04/2001. Application 04/19/1999.

12. A.c. 435334, Russian Federation, E04B 1/345, E04B 7/14. Pneumatic coating of buildings and structures / A.A. Gogeshvili, L.P. Chekalev (USSR). - Application. 02/01/1972. Publ. 04/28/1975.

13. Pat. 3835599 USA, E04H 15/22, E04H 15/20, E04B 001/345. Roof construction / D.H. Geiger (USA), 09.17.1974. Application 01/10/1973.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic building structure, the upper belt of which is a pneumatic panel in the form of a cylindrical or dome-shaped surface, consisting of a number of pneumo-arch elements arranged parallel or radially, made of a sealed tent or film shell filled with gas under excessive pressure, characterized in that the tent belt is located under the upper belt or a film sheath, tightly connected with it around the perimeter and forming together with the upper belt a closed loop containing gas under the huts accurate pressure.

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