RU2460286C1 - Device of closed water supply for reproduction and growing aquatic organisms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fishery, in particular, it can be used during incubation and growing fish. The device of a closed water supply for reproduction and growing aquatic organisms includes fish-breeding (3) capacity with a filter of mechanical purification of water (26), a unit of biological purification of water, a temperature regulation unit (45), the aeration system. All containers (1,2,3,4,5) of the device are located in tiers. In one of the capacities a bioreactor (4) with mussels (32) on a sandy substrate (31) is located. The aeration system comprises a flute (11), a compressor (21), an air nozzle (19), ozone generator (42), a settling basin, a relief device and a pump (14). The compressor (21) is connected with the air nozzle (19) and ozone generator (42). The unit of biological purification contains all the capacities with the formed biofilm. The water container (5) comprises a fan (37), a ring magnet (39), an ozonised air gun (40), water level sensor (38). Water level sensor (38) is connected with the unit of level automation (44). The device also comprises a hydraulic container (2) with a temperature sensor (10). The temperature sensor (10) is connected to the unit of thermoregulation (45) with the filter of mechanical purification (26), flute (11), an air nozzle (19).

EFFECT: increased efficiency of water purification to improve the conditions of cultivation of aquatic organisms.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fish farming, and in particular to devices with a controlled process of water purification for incubation and rearing of fish larvae in a closed water supply.

Water recycling systems are used in that part of the aquaculture production cycle that requires a relatively small amount of high-quality water, free from carriers of parasitic diseases. Juveniles grown to a weighed 3-5 g become resistant to adverse environmental factors and can then be successfully grown in water of relatively low quality (ponds, cages, etc.).

Known installations with closed water exchange (UZV) in sturgeon breeding (1) for incubation of sturgeon caviar and for growing fry. The ultrasonic circuit for the incubation of eggs consists of an upper retention tank, an incubation apparatus, a sand biofilter and a lower retention tank. The UZV scheme for growing fry includes an upper retention tank, a fluid biofilter, growth pools, a sedimentation tank, and a lower reservoir.

The disadvantage of the described devices is their division into 2 parts - for incubation and growing, and therefore requiring double areas for placement in the workshop and double water consumption.

A well-known integrated water treatment module for the cultivation of hydrobionts (2), including a reverse water supply system with a circulation pump, a water treatment unit, consisting of two fast pressure filters connected to each other, a temperature control unit, which is a cylindrical body with two electric heating elements placed in it with an independent flow system water and an electronic thermostabilizer mounted on the housing, and the disinfection unit includes an ultraviolet disinfection device water.

The disadvantage of this module is the lack of biological water purification.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed installation is a closed water supply installation (3), which includes fish tanks, a coarse filter, a biological treatment unit, a pH adjustment unit, a fine mechanical filter, a thermoregulation unit, a bactericidal installation, an aerator and an ozonizer.

The known device has a number of positive aspects. However, the use of imported filters (sand filters from Kripsol, Hidor Prime 30 and EHEIM 2217) is expensive and inefficient, as they quickly become clogged. As for the additional expanded clay filter, its absorbency is really high due to the porosity of the material. According to the authors, this filter can be washed, but in our opinion, it is not possible to wash what has been absorbed into the pores. This reduces the efficiency of the filter and further leads to contamination with decay products.

An object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of water treatment and reduce the cost of maintaining and maintaining the installation.

The task is carried out by creating a closed water supply installation, including a sump, a waste device, a pump and a water tank connected to each other with the formation of a closed circulation loop, with a temperature sensor located in it, connected to a temperature control unit, including an electric heater, a mechanical cleaning filter, a flute and an air atomizer, biological treatment unit, which includes all containers whose surfaces are in contact with water and ensure the development of bioprocesses lenoks, and in one of them there is a bioreactor with bivalves on a sandy substrate, a catchment tank in which there is a fan, a ring magnet, an ozonized air atomizer and a water level sensor connected to a level automation unit, the fish tank is equipped with a mechanical cleaning filter, while all the tanks of the installation are arranged in tiers, and the aeration system is equipped with a compressor connected to an air atomizer and an ozonizer.

Water recirculation in the installation is based on mechanical (sedimentation, filtration) and biological treatment of water with the help of a biofilm and biofilter formed on the walls of containers with bivalves on a sandy substrate. Thus, the flow of new water into the system and its purification from the waste products of aquatic organisms is minimized.

The advantage of the proposed installation is the ability to regulate and control the habitat of aquatic organisms due to the location of containers in tiers and the movement of water from top to bottom by gravity. At the same time, it is cleaned by filters and saturated with oxygen through an aerator with the ability to suppress aggressive flora and fauna that cause diseases by injecting ozone with a compressor. In addition, the ring magnet additionally, changing the physical properties of water, improves its quality.

The use of mollusks as a filter in closed water systems is currently not known from the literature. The creation of a bioreactor with a natural purification system provides an ecological structure for the deposition and processing of organic matter - the vital product of cultivated aquatic organisms, as well as feed residues.

Figure 1 shows the installation diagram.

UZV represents a vertical 5-level cascade design with horizontally built-in capacities. The structure of the ultrasonic inspection includes the following elements: containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, located one above the other;

- a container 1 containing a pipe 6 for pouring water, a fitting 7, a water shutoff device 8, a connecting hose 9;

- a container 2 containing a float sensor for measuring temperature 10, a water flute 11, a connecting hose 12 with an electric heater 13 embedded in it, an electric pump 14 with a hose 15, a fitting 16 and a hose 17 for removing excess water from the container, a foam filter 18, an air atomizer 19 the tube 20 connecting the sprayer to the compressor 21, the fitting 22 and the hose 23 for connection with the tank 3;

- a container 3 containing a fitting 24 for introducing water from a container 2, a level pipe 25 with a strainer 26 and a hose 27 for connecting to a container 4;

- a container 4 containing a water inlet fitting 28, a water outlet fitting 29 in a container 5, a hose 30, a sand substrate 31, bivalve mollusks 32;

- a tank 5 containing a nozzle 33 for filling the installation with water, a nozzle 34 for connecting to a tank 4, a nozzle 35 for supplying water to the electric pump 14, a cover 36 of the tank with a built-in exhaust fan 37, a float sensor 38 of the water level in the tank, an annular magnet 39 an ozonized air atomizer 40, a connecting pipe 41 with an ozonizer 42, a connecting pipe 43 with a compressor 21;

- level automation unit 44;

- water temperature control unit 45.

Installation works as follows

Capacity 1 through the pipe 6 is filled with water. After settling the water and opening the water locking device 8, water through the nozzle 7 through the hose 9 through the nozzle 33 fills the tank 5 to the float of the level automation sensor 38. The operator turns on the level automation units 44 and the water temperature control 45. The water entering the tank 5, reaching the upper mark turning on the level automation unit 44, turns on the electric pump 14. Water begins to pump from the tank 5 through the fitting 35, the hose 15, the electric pump 14, the connecting hose 12 with the electric heater 13 embedded in it, the water flute 11 into the tank 2.

When the water level reaches the float sensor for measuring temperature 10, at a temperature lower than the set temperature, the control unit 45 is turned on, which provides power to the electric heater 13 and eliminates unauthorized switching on the electric heater in the absence of water in it. When the electric pump 14 is turned off by the level automation unit 44, the power supply to the water temperature control unit 45 and the water heater 13 is turned off. If the water temperature has not reached the set limit in one cycle, the temperature is increased by subsequent cycles of pumping water into the tank 2.

Water from the tank 2 through the filter 18, the fitting 22, the hose 23, the fitting 24 fills the tank 3 to the upper point of the level pipe 25 and the strainer 26, and through the hose 27, the fitting 28 fills the tank 4. Next, the water through the fitting 29 located on one level with fitting 28, hose 30, fitting 34 enters the tank 5.

Upon completion of filling the installation with water, excess water will be discharged from the tank 2 through the nozzle 16 and the hose 17, the electric pump 14 will turn off and the installation will switch to the cascade drainage mode. At the same time, the compressor 21, the ozonizer 42 and the fan 37 will turn on.

The compressor 21 through the tube 20 and the atomizer 19 produces aeration of the water in the container 2, additionally supplying oxygen to the water, and through the pipe 43, the ozonizer 42, the pipe 41, the atomizer 40 supplies ozonized air to the container 5.

The use of an ozonizer is intended to suppress possible diseases introduced by water filtrators - bivalve mollusks. The latter, however, provide a good quality of water purification from the waste products of aquatic organisms.

Exhaust fan 37 operates in a free water flow mode in the installation and removes ozone, as well as ammonia, released during the life of hydrobionts.

The installation should not be turned off until the completion of hatchery.

After 3 days of the installation, a sandy substrate is introduced into the tank 4 and bivalves are planted. After another 3 days, the mollusks are tested for viability. In tank 4, only living organisms must remain. The condition of the mollusks should be checked periodically and, if necessary, replaced. Because mollusks are very sensitive to water pollution and slam the covers when they appear; they can be used as indicators of cleanliness.

After six days of operation of the installation, colonies of bacteria that contribute to additional water purification settle on the inner walls of tanks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and the ecological balance of the ecosystem occurs.

Now you can, having landed aquatic organisms in the fish tank (s) 3, start fish farming according to the existing instructions for the artificial cultivation of aquatic animals, providing for monitoring the quality of the environment, dynamics of weight and growth.

During the operation of the ultrasonic inspection, one should not very often clean the internal surfaces of the installation’s tanks, as bacterial colonies are violated and the quality of water treatment is deteriorating.

The foam rubber filter should be washed or replaced with a backup filter daily.

Bottom surfaces of tanks are cleaned by siphon. Water losses during tank cleaning and partial replacement of fresh water are compensated from tank 1 by opening the water shutoff device 8.

The amount of oxygen in the water and the temperature of the water are periodically monitored using a thermooximeter.

During operation of the ultrasonic testing device, the tank 1 must constantly contain the necessary amount of sludge water.

If it is necessary to increase the volume of products obtained instead of one tank 3, it is possible to install a larger number of tanks connected in parallel while ensuring the required flow rate of water.

When testing the installation, the following results were obtained.

Water was taken directly from the tanks themselves. To assess the quality of the medium, 3 main hydrochemical parameters were selected that have the greatest impact on the conditions of the bio-object: medium pH, concentration of organic pollutants, determined by permanganate oxidation, nitrogen-containing substances, determined by the concentration of ammonium ions (NH ₄ ). The temperature in the installation was within 20 ° C. The environmental quality criteria were the values of fishery MPCs for permanganate oxidizability - 10 mg / l, for ammonium nitrogen - 0.5 mg / l, the range of favorable pH values = 7.5-8.0. As a result of observations, it was noted that the proposed version of the layout of the tank operation scheme (load and cleaning) makes it possible to obtain fish breeding indicators below the MPC.

Claims (1)

Installation of a closed water supply for the reproduction and cultivation of aquatic organisms, including a fish tank, a mechanical water purification filter, a biological treatment unit, a temperature control unit with a temperature sensor, an aeration system consisting of a flute and an air atomizer, an ozonizer, a settler, interconnected to form a closed circulation circuit a waste device and a pump circulating water, characterized in that the installation further comprises a water tank with located it contains a temperature sensor connected to a thermoregulation unit, including an electric water heater, a mechanical cleaning filter, a flute and an air atomizer, a biological treatment unit, which includes all containers whose surfaces are in contact with water and ensure the development of a biofilm, and in one of them there is a bioreactor with bivalves mollusks on a sandy substrate, a catchment tank in which a fan, an annular magnet, an ozonized air atomizer and a water level sensor connected to the unit are located com of level automation, the fish tank is equipped with a mechanical cleaning filter, while all the tanks of the installation are arranged in tiers, and the aeration system is equipped with a compressor connected to an air atomizer and an ozonizer.