RU2458495C2 - Device for soil treatment in constraint environment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for soil treatment in constraint environment consists of a frame with wheels and handles of control. On the frame a power unit with a gear and bent tubes with rods is attached. Two working nozzle-mixers are attached to the rods. The device is designed with replaceable nozzles and with an ability to adjust the clearance, an angle of attack and turn of the entire unit to 180°.

EFFECT: implementation will enable to mechanise the process of soil treatment and provide a variety of work performed by one device.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to small-scale mechanization, is intended for the mechanized processing of small plots (beds) of land in cramped conditions, which is usually done with an ordinary shovel, slipper, pitchfork, rake, plane cutter and other hand tools.

Existing analogues of small-scale mechanization:

1) walk-behind tractors - are applicable on household plots, on relatively large and land-free plots, but walk-behind tractors are too large and slow to process beds in garden plots, the main principle of which is to pull a plow or other attached equipment,

2) small cultivators - are applicable for processing on small plots of land (beds) in garden plots, but the use of existing cultivators for these purposes is limited by their design features. The principle of operation of cultivators is cultivation mills instead of wheels. This principle has drawbacks: you can’t dig the earth to the depth of a simple shovel (up to 30 cm), with increasing soil moisture, cultivating cutters slide on the surface of the earth, on large clods of soil and roots from weeds or trees, the cultivator bounces, you cannot use it to grow up rows of grown potatoes due to low clearance, etc.

3) a device for processing soil in cramped conditions (US 2622498), containing a frame with wheels on which a power unit with a gearbox is fixed and two working nozzles that are connected to the gearbox with the ability to control the angle of attack, is applicable for processing on small areas of the earth ( beds) on garden plots, but its use is limited by its design features. They can only plow or loosen the soil.

All the means of small-scale mechanization existing today can perform a limited number of functions, therefore it is necessary for complex soil treatment to have several small-scale mechanization means or supplement them with a hand tool.

The aim of the present invention is to mechanize the cultivation of the soil on small (beds) plots of land, so that with one device it is possible to plow the turf, dig up the bed, cultivate the soil, loosen the surface crust, remove weeds, process rows, cultivate rows of potatoes and other crops, cultivate the land in tree trunks, treat the soil at any percentage of its moisture, to an adjustable depth, with any soil composition (even clay) and other work both outdoors and in greenhouses.

The specified goal can be achieved by using another, in contrast to walk-behind tractors and cultivators, the principle of operation of a mechanized device. It is based on the principle of operation of the “construction mixer” (Archimedes screw) used by builders and finishers to mix paints, mortars, putties in small quantities - a bucket, a flask (but it is difficult to hold a drill with a mixer during tillage). For a greater effect, this principle of operation of the “construction mixer” must be supplemented by the principle of operation of the “kitchen confectionery mixer,” where two mixer nozzles through the gearbox rotate towards each other, or vice versa, putting this entire unit on wheels. The technical effect of combining the principles of the “construction mixer” and “kitchen confectionery mixer” is that the entire unit works stably during operation, leaning on the wheels, biting into the soil to the desired depth, with any soil composition, with any percentage of its moisture, disappears the need to bend your back every spring and autumn to dig beds and other works using hand tools - a shovel, rake, pitchfork, manual plane cutter, i.e. all work on soil cultivation in small and planted areas can be mechanized and performed with one device. Moreover, the use of curved pipes in this "Device for soil cultivation in cramped conditions" allows you to achieve from this device:

1) the pipes allow you to move the dirty working tool (interchangeable nozzles - mixer) from the device itself and from the person; 2) pipe bending allows you to diversify the angle of attack; 3) the pipes allow fast clamping chucks to be fixed on them; 4) pipes allow you to transfer torque from the gearbox to interchangeable nozzles - mixer 1: 1 or with an increase; 5) they allow you to reach and cultivate the land in near-stem circles near trees and shrubs with low-lying branches without damaging them, to cultivate the soil in the corner of a greenhouse or fencing ridges and in other hard-to-reach places; 6) for safety reasons, the pipes allow you to move away from the person and from the device itself dangerous, rotating nozzles - mixers rotating without a protective fence.

The use of mixing nozzles as the main working tool in the “Device for soil cultivation in cramped conditions” of various configurations and sizes, based on the “Archimedes screw”, is due to the fact that the action of centrifugal forces and foreign inclusions in the soil (stones, thick roots, etc. .) do not have a destructive effect on them, and they can till the soil at any angle of attack (from 0 ° to 90 ° and from 90 ° to 180 °) both in the vertical plane and in the horizontal.

The engine on this mechanized device can be either an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.

The claimed technical solution is represented by the following action: in Fig.1 is a general view of the device, in Fig.2 is a device, in Fig.3 is a replaceable nozzle.

A mechanized soil tillage device in cramped conditions consists of 3 main parts: 1) - a frame with wheels and compression plates (see p. 16, 7, 6 of FIG. 2) for attaching control handles (see p. 5,8 of FIG. 2); 2) - a power unit consisting of an engine (see paragraph 1 of figure 2) with a gear (see paragraph 2 of figure 2) and pipe rods (see paragraph 3 of figure 2) with a U-shaped reinforcing pipe (see p. 9 of FIG. 2), which are attached to the frame with axle wheels (see p. 17 of FIG. 2), clamped by loops - clamps (see p. 4 of FIG. 2); 3) - interchangeable nozzles of the mixer for different soils and types of work (see p. 18.19 of FIG. 2).

1. The frame with wheels and compression plates consists of pipes onto which wheels with a wide tread (see p. 7 of FIG. 2) are fastened movably (to change the clearance “c” in FIG. 2), loop-clamp (see p .4 figure 2) for fixing the axle of the gearbox and the compression plates (see clause 6 of FIG. 2), into which the detachable handles (see clause 5 of FIG. 2) of the controls (see clause 8 of FIG. 2 are attached) ), which are detached for easy transport and storage.

2. The power unit consists of a powerful (see paragraph 1 of figure 2) low-speed electric motor (from 900 to 2000 W) or an internal combustion engine connected rigidly to the gearbox (see paragraph 2 of figure 2), in which the torque from the electric motor with the help of gears it is transmitted to the rods (see paragraph 13 of figure 2) so that they rotate simultaneously towards each other, or vice versa. Pipes (see clause 3 of FIG. 2) and a U-shaped reinforcing tube (see clause 9 of FIG. 2) are rigidly attached to the gearbox, inside which rods pass (see clause 13 of FIG. 2) for transmitting torque from motor with gearbox to mixer nozzles. In the place of bending of the pipes in which the traction passes, a hollow ball for lubrication with a screw-off cap is welded (see item 10 of figure 2), reinforced with scarves (see item 11 of figure 2). Inside the ball rods are connected by bevel gears (see clause 15 of FIG. 2), where they will always be lubricated, and quick-clamping chucks are attached to the ends of rods with a thread (see clause 13 of FIG. 2) (see clause 14 of FIG. .2), or instead of quick-clamping chucks, the use of quick-clamping collet connection is possible.

3. Replaceable mixer nozzles are clamped into quick-clamping chucks. Depending on the type of soil, the state of the soil and the composition of the work performed, different interchangeable mixer heads are installed on the mechanized device (Fig. 3 shows 2 views for clarity). For example, with a minimum distance between the draft tubes (see paragraph "a" in Fig. 2) of 20 cm, the diameter of the working surface of the mixer nozzle can be up to 15 cm, i.e. in one pass it is processed 35 cm, like a simple shovel.

A device for tillage in cramped conditions works as follows.

From the transport state, the device is brought into working condition (see “general view” of FIG. 1) by connecting wheels (see clause 6 of FIG. 2) to the frame with compression plates (see clause 6 of FIG. 2) with the this work, the clearance (see p. "c" of figure 2), a power unit is placed on it (see p. 1 of figure 2), rigidly connected to the gearbox (see p. 2 of figure 2), trunnions (see p. 17 of FIG. 2) which is fixed with loop-clips (see p. 4 of FIG. 2), and the angle of attack is set by moving the screw on the bracket (see p. 12 of FIG. 2). The control knobs are fixed in the compression plates (see clause 5 of FIG. 2) with rubber tips (see clause 8 of FIG. 2). In quick-clamping chucks (see p. 14 of figure 2), replaceable mixer nozzles corresponding to this work are installed (see p. 18 of figure 3).

The device is ready for use ("General view" of figure 1). Using the control buttons located on the rubber handles, we turn on and adjust the speed of rotation of the mixer heads and the direction of rotation. When pushing forward and swinging from side to side, the entire device of the mixer nozzle bites into the ground, plows and mixes it, breaks all the clods of the earth into fluff, regardless of the composition and moisture of the soil, the plowed area can not be treated with a rake. Pebbles and short roots of weeds fly out of the ground and lie on the surface, long roots are wound on the mixer nozzles.

For cultivating the soil, loosening the surface crust around trees and shrubs, pruning weed roots, tedding hay and other works, the power unit (see paragraph 1, 2 of figure 2) is mounted on the frame with a rotation of 180 ° (see "General view with rotation through 180 ° "Fig. 1), with the installation of the appropriate angle of attack and the installation of the appropriate nozzle-mixer (see paragraph 19 of figure 3).

A device for soil cultivation in cramped conditions allows you to mechanize all manual labor, usually performed with shovels, pitchforks, hoes, plane cutters and other hand tools, to increase manifold the efficiency in the work of gardeners and gardeners in small, but densely planted garden or garden plots and in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Claims (2)

1. A device for processing soil in cramped conditions, consisting of a frame with wheels and control knobs, on which a power unit with a gearbox and curved pipes with rods is fixed, to which two working mixer nozzles are attached, characterized in that the device is made with replaceable nozzles and with the possibility of adjusting the clearance, angle of attack and rotation of the entire unit by 180 ° for mechanized tillage and the variety of work performed by one device. 2. The device for tillage in cramped conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that the bending place of the pipes is made in the form of hollow balls for lubricating bevel gears on the link joints.

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