RU2458029C2 - Method of producing spherical powders for small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of spherical powders for small arms. Proposed method comprise feeding heat carrier into reactor jacket. Note here that heat carrier represents the mix of steam and condensate to fill reactor jacket, then, heat carrier collector and pipelines. Note also that condensate is pumped from collector into steam-jet heater at preset temperature to allow mix turbulence and at temperature difference between reactor inlet and outlet making 1-2°C.

EFFECT: stable physical-chemical properties and ballistic characteristics.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of production of spherical powders (TFP) for small arms.

From literature [1, 2], processes in reactors having a jacket for heating the mixture are known. Water, steam, ethylene glycol, etc. are used as heat carriers for heating the mixture. The use of known methods of heating the mixture in reactors upon production of TFP is associated with an increase in the duration of the process and the inability to obtain qualitative characteristics of the powder, for example, by porosity, bulk density, and geometric dimensions of the powder elements .

As the closest analogue, the authors chose a method for heating the reactor to obtain spherical powders [3], according to which the coolant is fed into the reactor jacket. The disadvantage of this heating of the reactors is the large inertia of the system, which leads to the production of TFPs with high porosity and, as a result, unstable ballistic characteristics in terms of the speed of the bullets and the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel of the weapon.

The technical result is to obtain TFP with stable physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics by providing a flexible heating system for reactors, providing mass transfer processes with specified characteristics.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of heating the reactor to obtain spherical powder for small arms, characterized in that the reactor heating system, which includes the reactor jacket, collector and pipelines, is initially filled with water, which is pumped from the collector to a steam-jet heater, mixed with steam and the resulting mixture as a coolant is fed into the jacket of the reactor with a given temperature and ensuring turbulence of the mixture flow, while setting the temperature difference between the inlet m and the output of the mixture from the jacket of the reactor, equal to 1 ... 2 °.

Figure 1 shows the heating scheme of the reactor for the formation of the TFP, where initially in the jacket of the reactor (item 1), the coolant collector (item 2) and the piping system, condensate is poured, which from the collector is pumped (item 3) with a fluid flow rate that provides turbulent the fluid flow in the reactor jacket is fed into the steam-jet heater (item 4), where steam is simultaneously supplied from the steam line with a pressure of 0.5 to 3.0 kgf / cm ² through an automatically controlled valve. When steam is mixed with water, the mixture is heated and the set temperature is set in the reactor jacket for 1 ... 2 minutes, while the mixture is heated during solvent distillation in the reactor for 10 ... 15 minutes (at the most intense heat flux). The reactor heating scheme developed by the authors completely eliminates overheating of the coolant, because steam supply to the steam-jet heater is strictly regulated by the technological process program. With a turbulent condensate flow in the reactor jacket, the difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature from the reactor jacket should not exceed 1 ... 2 ° C. With an increase in the temperature of the condensate at the outlet of the reactor jacket more than 2 ° C indicates a violation of the turbulent flow.

Developed by the authors, a method of heating the reactors upon receipt of the TFP allowed:

- lead the process flexibly according to a strictly defined program;

- to exclude mass emissions from the reactor in the process of obtaining the TFP;

- to ensure that the TFP with strictly specified physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics;

- completely prevent the formation of scale in the jacket of the reactor.

Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of the TFP according to the method developed by the authors (examples 1 ... 3) and by a known method (example 4) are shown in the table.

Table Technological modes, physico-chemical and ballistic characteristics of the TFP Name of indicator Example (Ex. No. 1) Etc. Number 2 Etc. Number 3 Etc. Number 4 Filling with the coolant system "shirt-collection-piping" condensate condensate condensate tap water Heat carrier heating time in a steam-jet heater, min one one one The time of heating the water in the collector with a coil heater, min twenty The difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature from the reactor jacket, ° C one one 2 10 The heating time of the mixture in the reactor, min 10 12 fifteen thirty The total cycle of the formation of the TFP in the reactor, hour 7.0 7.2 7.1 9.2 Bulk density, kg / dm 0.926 0.936 0.945 0.915 Porosity,% 4.0 4,5 5,0 8.0 Chemical resistance, mmHg 32 32 32 32 Ballistic characteristics: Mass of charge, g 0.83 0.85 0.91 0.80 The average flight speed of bullets, m / s 558 553 559 540 The dispersion of the flight speed of bullets, m / s 13 6 fifteen 2 5 The maximum pressure of the powder gases in the ballistic group, MPa Average 221.0 233.2 258.8 258.8 259.8 The greatest 234.1 258.9 302.0 302.0 327.5

According to specifications: the average speed of the bullets in the ballistic group is not less than 550 m / s; the spread between the largest and lowest values of the speed of the bullets - not more than 35 m / s; the maximum pressure of the powder gases in the ballistic group: average - not more than 264.7 MPa, the highest - not more than 313.7 MPa.

From the data in the table it can be seen that according to the method developed by the authors for the production of TFP (examples 1 ... 3), the system “reactor jacket - coolant collector - pipelines” is filled with condensate, which is pumped to the steam heater and when the condensate is mixed with steam, the coolant is heated for 1 minutes to the set temperature. Rapid heating of the coolant and its turbulent flow in the reactor jacket ensures a temperature drop between inlet and outlet not more than 2 ° C. The heating time of the mixture in the reactor at the most intense heat loads does not exceed 15 minutes. The total cycle of formation of TFP is 7.0 ... 7.2 hours. The obtained TFP has a porosity of the powder elements of not more than 5%, and a bulk density in the range of 0.926 ... 0.945 kg / dm ³ . At the same time, stable ballistic characteristics were obtained both in terms of the speed of the bullets and the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel of the weapon.

According to the known method (example 4), the heating of water in the collector lasts for 20 minutes. The heating of the reactor occurs unevenly, the total production cycle of TFP is 9.2 hours. In this case, the physicochemical and ballistic characteristics of the TFP are significantly lower than by the method developed by the authors. In addition, it should be noted that according to the known method, salts are deposited (scale) on the walls of the reactor jacket, the removal of which requires additional labor.

Literature

1. Kasatkin A.G. Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology. - M .: Chemistry, 1973. - 750 p.

2. Planovsky A.N., Nikolaev P.I. Processes and devices of chemical technology. - M .: Chemistry, 1987 .-- 492 p.

3. RF patent No. 2258688 C2, 08/20/2005.

Claims (1)

A method of heating a reactor to obtain spherical powder for small arms, characterized in that the reactor heating system, including the reactor jacket, collector and pipelines, is initially filled with water, which is pumped into the steam-jet heater from the collector, mixed with steam, and the resulting mixture is supplied as a heat transfer medium in the jacket of the reactor with a given temperature and ensuring turbulence of the mixture flow, while setting the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the mixture from the jacket of the reactor is th 1 ... 2 °.