RU2457184C2 - Water treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used during exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits, particularly for purifying and improving the quality of underground water contaminated as a result of industrial activities, for consumption thereof. To realise the method, ion-exchange resins are pre-treated with active solutions prepared from distilled or spring water which has undergone freezing and thawing with removal of fractions rich in deuterium - a heavy hydrogen isotope, as well as electrodialytic treatment to form an anolyte and a catholyte. The obtained anolyte and catholyte are respectively post-fortified with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and used to regenerate cationite and anionite resins, followed by washing with distilled water. Formation of active clusters containing hydrated hydroxyl ions and hydroxonium ions in the ion exchange-treated water takes place via filtration thereof through a disintegrated mineral material consisting of a mixture of silicon and chalcedony.

EFFECT: method increases biological value of water and endows it with taste and biophysical properties typical of upland and spring water.

1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of water purification for its consumption as drinking water and can be used, in particular, for the purification and improvement of the quality of groundwater contaminated as a result of anthropogenic impact during the exploration and development of mineral deposits.

A known method of deep purification of groundwater, including its degassing, two-stage filtration and stage-by-stage washing of filters. At the same time, an inert material (quartz sand, quartzite, albitefire, granodiorite, and burned rocks) is used as a filter load in the first stage, and the filter load is double-layer, respectively, from a sorbent (activated carbon) and ion-exchange material (clinoptilolite) at the second stage. After purification, water is irradiated with light in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum (see patent RU No. 2087427, IPC ⁶ C02F 9/00, publ. 08/20/1997).

The disadvantage of this method is that with this purification the natural structure of water is violated, its biological activity is reduced, and taste and biological properties are lost.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed one is a water treatment method for hydrometallurgical leaching of ores and drinking water supply, in which to form additional hydroxyl ions, hydroxonium ions, dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in water, as well as to suppress the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria, water before ion exchange is subjected to irradiation with light, mainly in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, after which it is fed into the ion exchange column, which ions of solutes adsorbed ion exchange resin (See. Patent RU №2095316, ⁶ IPC C02F 1/00, E21B 43/28, publ. 20.08.1997).

The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used to obtain water having special parameters corresponding to mountain spring sources, i.e. water with a low concentration of the heavy isotope of hydrogen-deuterium, the optimal values of the main physical and chemical parameters (redox potential (ORP), electrical conductivity, etc.), and containing the optimal amounts of bioactive trace elements (silicon, magnesium, potassium, etc. d.)

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of preparation of drinking water standards by reproducing the natural processes of formation of mountain spring waters.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is to increase the biological value of water and give it the taste and biophysical properties characteristic of mountain spring water.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the water treatment method, including purification of water from mechanical impurities and dissolved pollutants using ion-exchange resins and activation of water by forming active hydrated hydroxyl ions and hydroxonium ions in it, is characterized in that ion exchange pretreatment is carried out before water treatment resins with active solutions prepared on the basis of distilled or spring water that has undergone freezing and thawing with the removal of fractions and enriched in deuterium (heavy hydrogen isotope), as well as electrodialytic treatment with the formation of anolyte and catholyte, which are further strengthened with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and used to regenerate cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin, followed by washing them with distilled water, and the formation in purified ion exchange water of active clusters, including hydrated hydroxyl ions and hydroxonium ions, is carried out by filtering it through a disintegrated mineral material consisting of Mesi flint and chalcedony.

The water treatment method is as follows.

Obtained from any sources of water supply, for example: wells, wells, water supply network, water is subjected to purification from mechanical impurities. This can be done by sedimenting water for a certain period of time in storage tanks or filtering it through a layer of finely divided inert material (gravel, sand, etc.) or cartridge filters. After or in the process of purification from mechanical impurities, water is purified from dissolved iron and manganese, bringing their contents to the established MPC standards (maximum permissible concentrations).

Bringing the content of these dissolved components to the maximum allowable concentrations can be carried out by their oxidation with subsequent coagulation. Coagulated particles can be deposited on filter media, such as sand or a rope filter, impregnated with a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide, and removed from the process by backwashing the filter or replacing the cartridge.

An ion-exchange sorption process is used to remove excess hardness salts. Thus, water conditioning is provided. Solutions are prepared on a distillate, or preferably on high-quality spring water, which has passed the stage of freezing-thawing with removal of residual ice as the accumulated fraction of heavy (deuterium) water. After that, the water is subjected to membrane electrolysis, then sodium hydroxide and / or preferably potassium hydroxide is introduced into the obtained catholyte in an amount providing an alkali metal ion concentration of 25-40 g / l (depending on the parameters of the water being purified) to prepare the anion exchange resin solution, and the anolyte is introduced in acid (36% - HCl) to a 3-4% concentration. Anionite and cation exchange resin are respectively placed in active solutions of alkali and acid, carrying out their saturation with the corresponding ions by bubbling, or the solutions are passed through the fixed layers of resins, performing regeneration by filtration. In this case, the resins are saturated with active hydrated anions and cations, respectively.

After washing the resins from the solutions, they are placed in filters through which previously purified water is passed. Excessive ions of hardness salts, sodium, anions of strong acids and water molecules with a heavy isotope of hydrogen-deuterium remain on resins (ion exchangers). Water that has passed through an ion-exchange filter contains active hydrated hydroxyl ions and hydroxonium ions, which, when combined, form active water molecules, and when attached to water molecules, active clusters. After ion exchange, water is passed through a mineral carrier consisting of a mixture of flint and chalcedony. In the film water surrounding mineral inclusions, the diffusion of hydroxonium ions and hydroxyl ions through a double electric layer and their sorption on the corresponding active centers with the formation of active water clusters are carried out. In this case, further enlargement of the clusters occurs due to the contact of their molecules and ions with the active centers of the mineral surface on the one hand and the molecules and ions of neighboring clusters. Cluster activity is due to the interaction of hydrogen ions (protons) with the densified electron shells of oxygen atoms. A partial transition into the solution of anions and molecules of metasilicic acid and polysilicic acids from a mineral carrier provides stabilization of water clusters and increases its biological value. The size of the mineral particles is usually set larger than the average size of the ion exchangers to ensure a sharp change in the direction of the microflows of the water being treated, i.e. ensuring a homeopathic effect - introducing into the filtrate the minimum amounts of such bioactive elements as silicon, potassium, iodine, selenium, etc.

In such systems that implement the inventive method, mineral crumbs are placed in ion-exchange filters together with cation exchange resin (in the alkaline medium of the ion exchanger it will dissolve excessively intensively).

In addition, this ensures the achievement of a homeopathic effect - saturation of purified water in minimal doses with microelements.

Such water, corresponding to natural conditions in terms of the minimum concentration of heavy hydrogen-deuterium, saturation with active ions, with a slight predominance of negatively charged, the optimal concentration of bioactive elements passing into it upon contact with mineral media, acquires the properties characteristic of natural spring water.

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

Tap water was purified from mechanical suspensions and dissolved iron on a cartridge filter with a pore diameter of 10 μm, in the gap between the housing and the cartridge of which Birm catalytic material was placed.

After this, water entered the ion-exchange columns, in the first of which cation exchange resin of the KU-2-8 type was inoculated, in the second - anion exchange resin of the AB-17 type. These resins were prepared on thawed spring water of the Karpovskiy spring (after thawing, residual ice in the volume of 20% of the original ice with an increased concentration of deuterium was removed). An anode solution (anolyte) was prepared on melt water to prepare the resin, while it was further strengthened by adding up to 3.5% in hydrochloric acid, and the cathode solution (catholyte) was added with alkali (potassium hydroxide) to 4%. Resins after bubbling in solutions were washed with 4 volumes of distilled water.

After filtering the water through ion-exchange columns, it was passed through a column into which mineral material consisting of crushed crumbs of black flint and chalcedony was placed. The final stage of purification is a control sorption in a column with a cartridge carbon filter or carbon fiber. The purified tap water had a hardness of 6.5 at the inlet, 3 at the outlet, the deuterium fraction decreased from 200 mg / l to 30 mg / l, and the ORP decreased from 150 mV to 100 mV.

Claims (1)

The method of water treatment, including purification of water from mechanical impurities and dissolved pollutants using ion-exchange resins and activation of water by forming active hydrated hydroxyl ions and hydroxonium ions in it, characterized in that prior to water treatment, ion-exchange resins are pretreated with active solutions prepared on the basis of distilled or spring water that has undergone freezing and thawing with the removal of a fraction enriched in deuterium - a heavy isotope of hydrogen a, as well as electrodialytic treatment with the formation of anolyte and catholyte, which are strengthened with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively, and used to regenerate cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin, followed by washing them with distilled water, and the formation of active clusters in ion-exchanged water, including hydrated hydroxyl- Hydroxonium ions and ions are carried out by filtration through a disintegrated mineral material consisting of a mixture of silicon and chalcedony.