RU2454303C2 - Gear-shaping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed machine comprises bed, post, slide with reciprocating tool spindle with shaping cutter secured therein, and table with workpiece spindle. Machine is furnished with radial feed slides, tool spindle main motion transducer, trigger, frequency divider and table drive stepped motor Note here that tool spindle performs continuous feed circular motion while workpiece spindle continuously revolves in synchronism therewith. Note also that, to cut teeth, table may penetrate-withdraw along the line connecting the centers of shaping tool and workpiece at the speed subject to tooth thickness variation along the length and preset frequency of pulses generated by control trigger depending upon aforesaid transducer signals to be fed to table drive stepped motor.

EFFECT: expanded operating performances, higher efficiency and precision.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of machining and can be used when cutting gears of internal and external gearing, including with a tooth thickness varying in length.

There is a method of cutting cylindrical gears with gears tapering stepwise from one end to another [1], in which the machined wheel and tool are set to coordinate rotation around their axes, the treatment is performed in several passes, the first of which carry out tooth processing over the entire width of the wheel on the depth corresponding to the depth of the tooth on a large diameter, before each subsequent passage one of the elements is informed of a radial feed and the tooth is processed on a part of the wheel width to the place of the formation of the stage, after which the radial feed is produced in the opposite direction. The known method does not provide the possibility of cutting gears with continuously tapering teeth.

The closest in technical essence was chosen to be a machine for processing gears of external and internal gearing with a curved tooth shape [2], containing a stand placed on the bed, on which there is a cross member and a carriage with a drive for its longitudinal movement along the horizontal guides of the cross member. A support is mounted on the carriage with the possibility of rotation with the tool spindle, which has the ability to make a reciprocating main movement, in which the dolby is fixed. The support also has a discrete circular feed drive for the tool spindle. On the bed is a table that carries the means for installing and securing the gear being machined, and having the possibility of reciprocating movement. The machine includes a system for programmatically controlling the movements of the tool spindle and the table with primary converters of pulses for moving the carriage and the support.

Criticism of the prototype. In the known design, the discrete rolling method is used, which reduces productivity and processing accuracy.

The technical result consists in providing the possibility of cutting gears of external and internal gearing with a tooth thickness varying in length, as well as in ensuring the productivity and accuracy of processing of such gears due to the application of the continuous rolling method and reducing the time for machine readjustment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The gear-shaping machine contains a bed, a stand, a support with the possibility of making a reciprocating main movement and the movement of a continuous circular feed with an instrumental spindle in which the cutter is fixed. On the bed there are also slides designed to perform radial feed movement. On the slide there is a table on which the spindle of the product is installed, having the possibility of making a rotational movement, consistent with the movement of the circular feed of the tool spindle. The table is designed to perform the insert-bounce movement along the line connecting the centers of the cutter and the workpiece from a drive containing a stepper motor. The machine includes a program control system containing a programmer, comparator, amplifier, measuring transducers, as well as a controller including a control trigger, frequency divider, digital-to-analog converter. During the working course of the cutter, the table with the workpiece makes a cutting movement towards the cutter at a speed corresponding to the required value of the change in the thickness of the tooth of the workpiece. The insertion speed is set using a frequency divider, the input of which receives signals from the measuring transducer of the main drive and the control trigger, and the output of which signals are sent to the stepping motor of the table drive. This ensures the processing of gears of external or internal gearing with a variable thickness along the length of the tooth. When idle, the table with the workpiece moves the bounce in the direction from the cutter, preventing wear of the teeth of the latter.

Figure 1 presents the kinematic diagram of a gear-shaking machine with a designation of movements and blocks of a program control device. Figure 2 presents the structural diagram of the controller that controls the movement of the plunge-bounce table. Figure 3 presents the tooth machined on the machine wheel, front view. Figure 4 presents the tooth of the machined wheel, a bottom view.

The implementation of the invention. The gear-shaping machine (Fig. 1) contains a bed 1, a stand 2, a support 3 with a tool spindle 4, in which the cutter 5 is mounted. The tool spindle has the ability to make movements from the drive 6 and from the drive 7. Hydraulic cylinders 8 are installed on the support 3, intended for unloading of the drive of the main movement 6. On the bed 1 mounted rails 9 with the drive 10; a slide 11 has a table 11 with a drive 12; in the table 11 is mounted the spindle of the product 13 with the drive 14; the spindle of the product 13 is intended for fastening the workpiece 15. The machine is equipped with a program control system that contains the programmer P (16) connected to the comparator K (17), which is connected to the amplifier U (18), designed to transmit control pulses to the drives. The drives also contain measuring transducers: according to the value of linear movement of the tool spindle 19, according to the angle of rotation of the tool spindle 20, according to the angle of rotation of the spindle of the product 21, according to the amount of movement of the slide 22. The program control system also includes a controller CT (23) containing the control trigger UT ( 24, figure 2), the frequency divider DC (25), digital-to-analog converter DAC (26).

When machining a gear wheel, the tool spindle 4 makes a reciprocating main movement Ф _v (П ₁ ) from the drive 6 (Fig. 1) and the rotational movement of the circular feed Ф _s (В ₂ ) from the drive 7. The spindle of the product 13 makes a coordinate with the rotation of the tool spindle 4 rotational movement Ф _s (В ₅ ) from the drive 14. The slide 9 makes a linear movement of the radial feed Ф _s (П ₃ ), coordinated with the rotation of the product spindle 13, from the drive 10.

Modes of motion are set by the programmer 16: initial position, stroke length, movement speed of the tool spindle 4 Ф _v (П ₁ ); circular feed speed of the tool spindle 4 Ф _s (В ₂ ), the product spindle rotation speed 13 Ф _s (B ₂ ) matched with it; the speed and magnitude of the radial feed stroke Ф _s (P ₃ ) agreed with it; the size and speed of the quick removal of the table with the workpiece during idle of the tool spindle.

In the process of cutting teeth, the information generated by the programmer 16 is fed to the comparator 17, where, based on a comparison of the set information and information from the transducers 19-22, control pulses are generated that are sent to the amplifier 18, from which they are transmitted to the corresponding drives after amplification: M1 (6) the main reciprocating movement of the tool spindle 4; M2 (7) circular feed tool spindle 4 S _cr.i. ; M3 (16) of the rotational movement of the spindle 13 of the product S _kr.z. ; M4 (12) - movement of the plunge-bounce table 11; M5 (10) - radial feed slide 9.

To form a variable thickness of the tooth along its length during the working stroke of the tool spindle 4, the table 11 makes a cutting movement Ф _s (П ₄ ) coordinated with the main movement Ф _v (П ₁ ) in the direction of the cutter 5. The maximum displacement of the table 11, taking into account small quantities changes in the thickness of the tooth along the length, approximately can be determined (figure 3, figure 4):

where L is the stroke length of the reciprocating movement Ф _s (П ₁ ) of the tool spindle 4, γ is the angle of reduction of the thickness of the tooth, α is the angle of the tooth profile.

The relationship between the speeds of the main movement v and the cutting of the table S _bp :

The motion control of the plunge-bounce table is as follows. The signals from the measuring transducer 19 (Fig. 1) are supplied to the control trigger 24 (Fig. 2), then using a frequency divider 25 a series of pulses of a given frequency are generated, which are transmitted to a digital-to-analog converter 26, from which the signals are transmitted to the stepper motor of the drive 12. In accordance with the frequency of these signals, the table 11 moves at a predetermined speed determined by relation (2).

When the tool spindle 4 is idling, the table 11 with the workpiece 15 makes a rebound movement in the direction from the cutter 5, preventing wear of the teeth of the latter.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 20144971, cl. B23F 5/12 dated 06/30/1994.

2. RF patent No. 2076023, cl. B23F 5/12, B23F 9/06 dated 03/27/1997.

Claims (1)

A gear-shaping machine containing a bed, a stand, a support with a tool spindle capable of making a reciprocating main movement, in which a dolby is fixed, a table with a product spindle, characterized in that it is equipped with a slide designed to perform radial feed movement, a measuring transducer of the main movement tool spindle, trigger, frequency divider and stepper motor drive the table, while the tool spindle is made with the possibility of jerk movement of the circular feed, and the spindle of the product with the possibility of continuous rotation coordinated with it, and for cutting teeth with a variable length thickness, the table is made with the possibility of cutting-rebound movement along the line connecting the centers of the cutter and the workpiece at a speed determined by the value of the thickness change tooth length and a given frequency of pulses generated depending on the signals of the measuring transducer of the main movement of the tool spindle control trigger, frequency divider s and designed to feed the stepping motor of the table drive.

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