RU2452170C1 - Hinged horizontal hydraulic press for briquetting of fallen leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used for pressing the fallen leaves. The press has a frame with a device hinged on the tractor, a compression chamber, the main pressing hydrocylinder, a rear unloading door. The compression chamber is equipped with a charging cone, a closed valve with a hydraulic drive. The pressing hydrocylinder is connected to the punch in the form of a rectangular plate. A fixed plate is mounted on the door, and is connected to the movable plate, a hydraulic cylinder and syringes. The ends of the plungers of the syringes are mounted on the fixed plate. The cylinders of the syringes are attached to the movable plate. The cavities of the syringes are hydraulically connected through a check valve to the reservoir for the adhesive. For passage of syringe needles in compressed briquettes of leaves the openings are made in the door.

EFFECT: increased strength of the resulting briquette is provided, and simplification of the press construction.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended for pressing fallen leaves in the form of briquettes, and can also be used for pressing household organic waste.

Known balers for hay and straw, which pick up the mass from the rolls and press it into bales in the form of a rectangle or cylindrical roll, wrapped in twine or wire. The piston baler contains a frame, a cardan drive, a pick-up, a ram, a loading chamber, a loader, a pressing chamber with a piston, needles, a knitting apparatus, mechanisms for driving the working bodies and regulation [1].

Agricultural balers are designed for pressing long-stemmed plants and cannot press fallen leaves.

Known press for boiling tobacco leaves and other materials, containing a hopper with a receiving chamber, passing on both sides of the pressing chamber, and the pressing element is driven by crank mechanisms located on both sides of the walls of the press [2]. However, such a press is not applicable for pressing fallen leaves due to scattering of bales without strapping.

Known horizontal press for legless pressing of senosol material, containing a pressing chamber with a telescopically movable forming chamber with a mechanical drive located in it, and the piston is equipped with piercing needles [3].

The press has a complex mechanical drive and is inefficient to use - foliage bales crumble.

A press for plant materials is also known, having a working chamber in which a piston is placed, made in the form of two cups placed in one another with a spring. At the camera outlet, a pivot wall is installed, equipped with a return spring and a latch with a dog. A shutter in the form of a shutter [4] is mounted in the upper part of the chamber.

The device has a complex mechanical drive, and unbound briquette crumbles.

Known hydraulic briquetting press containing a bed, non-driven traverses, on one of which is mounted a hydraulic cylinder with a punch, and on the other - a press washer, columns connecting the traverses, hopper, gate, damper [5].

The press has a complex device, stationary and is intended for the manufacture of bricks and is not applicable for briquetting fallen leaves.

Known vertical press for briquetting bulk materials, consisting of a base in the form of a plate in which a vertical rack is installed, on the upper cone of which is placed a rotary cup with a pressing hydraulic cylinder fixed to it. A hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the same rack, in which the body itself moves longitudinally with a rigidly mounted pressing chamber [6].

The press is stationary, vertical and unacceptable for briquetting fallen leaves.

A mobile device is known for collecting and pressing fallen leaves, consisting of a leaf-sucker in the form of a trunk with a tip, an air duct, a fan with a drive, a screw (screw) press, and the compacted mass in the form of a cylinder is strung on the string in the center [7].

Our studies have shown that the device is difficult to manufacture and operate, the resulting cylindrical mass of fallen leaves falls apart.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design with increased reliability and to obtain an unbreakable briquette.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a horizontal hydraulic press mounted on a tractor, consisting of a frame with a hinged device, a pressing chamber, a rectangular funnel for loading material with a shutter and a hydraulic cylinder, the main hydraulic cylinder connected to the pressing punch in the form of a rectangular plate, punch guides, on the rear unloading door on the braces there is a fixed plate connected to the movable plate with a hydraulic cylinder and syringes, like medical ones, with the ends of the syringe plungers being closed epleny on the fixed plate, and cylinders - on the mobile, and the cavity in front of a syringe fluidly connected with a container for the adhesive through a check valve. For the passage of needles into the compressed briquette, the rear door has an opening.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the press, figure 2 is a top view along section AA of figure 1, figure 3 is a fragment of the back door with a fixed and movable plate during piercing the briquette with a syringe needle, figure 4 - the same when pulling out the needle.

The press is mounted on the tractor from behind. It consists of a frame 1 welded from isosceles, an attachment 2 welded to a vertical sheet 3, a closed pressing chamber 4 of a rectangular shape, a funnel 5 for loading material, a punch 6 in the form of a rectangular plate, the main hydraulic cylinder 7, the head 8 of which is attached with fingers to the sheet 3, and the stem 9 to the punch 6. To prevent the skew of the punch, guide rods 10 are used, the ends of which are rigidly fixed to the punch, sliding in the guides of the partition 11 on the fluoroplastic bushings 12. Above the frame on ronshteyne cylinder 13 is 14 associated with damper 15 rotatable around the axis of the prepressing foliage from above the hopper. At the back of the press chamber 4, the discharge window is closed by a door 16, which rotates laterally around the axis 17 and is held in the closed position by the latch 18 in the form of a bolt 19 and a nut 20 in the form of a wing that rotates around the axis. The locking device may be in the form of a device covering the side of a truck or otherwise. Above the press chamber 4 behind the loading hatch 5 is installed a container 21 for adhesive. A device for introducing an adhesive into a rectangular briquette has syringes 22, the needles 23 of which are included in the pressed mass of foliage during operation, the cylinder 24 is rigidly connected to the movable plate 25, and the rod 26 is rigidly attached to the vertical plate 27, which is rigidly fixed to the door 16 of the discharge window using braces 28. The hydraulic cylinder 29 is mounted on a fixed plate 27 with brackets 30, and its rod is connected to a movable plate 25. To enter the needles into the pressed mass of foliage 31, holes 32 are made inside the pressing chamber in door 25. Reverse valve pan 33 prevents the flow of adhesive from the syringes into the container, sheets of paper 34 isolate the briquette from gluing with the surfaces of the punch and door 16.

The hydraulic press operates as follows. A tractor with a press hung on an attachment drives up to a pile of collected fallen leaves or to bags with collected leaves. The inner surface of the discharge door 16 is covered with a sheet of paper. Workers unload the fallen leaves through the loading hatch 8 into the pressing chamber 4. The tractor driver compresses the foliage with the hydraulic cylinder 7, while the loading hatch is closed by the shutter 15 using the hydraulic cylinder 14. Then the hatch opens and the next portion of the foliage is poured into the pressing chamber, which is also compressed (pressed). After sufficient pressing, the working surface of the punch 6 is closed with a sheet of paper, and then the hydraulic cylinder 29 moves the tile 25 with the cylinders 24 of the syringe to the left, while the needles 23 enter the pressed mass of foliage 31, forming cylindrical holes. Since the plungers of the syringes are stationary, the cavity of the sleeves are filled with an adhesive solution from the tank 21. With the reverse stroke of the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder 29, the adhesive solution from the syringes is fed into the pressed mass. Then this mass is pressed several times by the hydraulic cylinder 7 back and forth, while the adhesive solution extends into the briquette, increasing the adhesion of the pressed mass. Then door 25 opens and the briquette is unloaded onto a cart or onto the ground where the glue hardens. The glue may be organic or polymeric, not having toxic properties.

Briquettes of compressed foliage can be used to mulch plantings of seedlings and seedlings on nutrient-poor lands, especially on the slopes of ravines; biohumus production; can serve as bedding for animals, etc.

Information sources

1. Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. - M .: Kolos S, 2006, p. 266-275.

2. A.S. USSR No. 2333337, IPC A01f 15/06 "Press for boiling tobacco leaves and other materials", 1970

3. A.S. USSR No. 1340646, MKI A01F 15/04 "Press for a cordless pressing", 1987

4. A.S. USSR No. 1526602, MKI A01F 15/04 "Press for plant materials", 1989

5. RU 02008206 C 19940228, MIMOSA RFD 1994-95, 5018345/33 19911223, B28B - 3/02, Babarykin V.M. and others. "Hydraulic briquetting press."

6. RU 02010724 C1 19940415, MIMOSA RFD 1994-95, 4924556/27 19910301, В30В 9/30, Vasiliev A.M. and others. "Vertical press for briquetting bulk materials."

7. RF patent No. 2340480 C1, IPC B60S 3/00 “Device for collecting and pressing fallen leaves”, 2008

Claims (3)

1. Horizontal hydraulic press for briquetting fallen leaves, containing a frame with a device mounted on the tractor, a pressing chamber with a rectangular loading funnel closed by a hydraulic actuated shutter, a main pressing hydraulic cylinder connected to a punch in the form of a rectangular plate, punch guides, a rear unloading door characterized in that on the rear unloading door on the braces there is a fixed plate connected to the movable plate with a hydraulic cylinder and syringes, the ends of the plunger being the syringes are mounted on a fixed plate, and the syringe cylinders are mounted on a movable plate, while the syringe cavities in the front part are hydraulically connected to the adhesive container through a check valve. 2. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes are made for the passage of syringe needles in the rear unloading door. 3. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surfaces of the punch and the rear passage door during operation of the press are closed with sheets of paper.

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