RU2449168C2 - Rotor blade of wind-powered engine with variable angular momentum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: rotor blade with a variable angular momentum comprises a self-rotary rotor, on the axis of which there is additionally at least one flywheel arranged. The flywheel is kinematically connected to the rotor, besides, the kinematic link of the flywheel and the rotor is made as capable of changing the rotor-flywheel system angular momentum relative to the axis of rotation.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase durability, reliability and to improve traction characteristics of rotor blades included into wind-powered engines with two and three degrees of rotor freedom.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy and can be used to convert wind energy into mechanical energy.

The solution can be applied in the impellers of wind power plants.

A known blade design, which is part of a wind wheel with two degrees of freedom of the rotors, contains a horizontal shaft and a radially located blade rigidly connected to it in the form of a freely rotating wing rotor (Savonius rotor) (see article B.N. Kondrashov, V.G. Medoks, EB Bychkunova “On some aerodynamic demonstrations in the course of general physics.” Interuniversity scientific collection. Issues of Applied Physics, SSU, Issue 5, 1999, pp. 23-25).

Known blades in the form of Magnus rotors. included in the wind turbine of a wind turbine operating due to the Magnus effect. Moreover, the blades are located radially with respect to the horizontally located working shaft. The design of the blades includes working cylinders with end aerodynamic washers of the cylinder rotation drive and an electric generator. The drives are made in the form of Savonius-type rotors that are mounted on the axes of rotation of the cylinders and are rigidly connected with them (see RF patent No. 2189494, IPC F03D 1/00).

The blades are known, which are part of the impeller of a precessing wind turbine with three degrees of freedom of self-rotating rotors with a horizontal arrangement of the rotor blades and a radial arrangement of rotor blades equipped with an external force mechanism, one of the purposes of which is to compensate for the variable gyroscopic forces acting on the rotor blades of the impeller ( see RF patent No. 2338922, IPC F03D 1/00).

Known rotor blades, which are part of the wind wheel of a precessing wind turbine, with three degrees of freedom and with a vertical arrangement of the working shaft and a radial arrangement of self-rotating rotors, for example, Savonius rotors (see RF patent No. 2351794, IPC F03D 1/02).

However, for rotor wind turbines with two and three degrees of freedom of the rotors and the horizontal arrangement of the main shaft and the vertical orientation of the plane of the impeller, a variable gyroscopic force arises acting on the rotor blade in a direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the impeller, i.e. along the direction of the horizontal axis of the working shaft of the wind turbine, which arises due to the fact that the direction of the gravity vector acting on the rotor rotating around its own axis does not coincide in direction (with the exception of the extreme upper and extreme lower positions) with the direction of the rotor angular momentum vector, which is twice changes its direction in one revolution of the impeller, relative to the horizontal axis, which leads to rapid wear of bearings of both the working shaft and rotating rotors, and as a result, increased vibration of the impeller as a whole.

For wind turbines with two degrees of freedom, and in the case of not even a significant deviation of the axis of rotation of the rotor from the vertical plane, the resulting precession force of the rotor reduces the aerodynamic force of Magnus acting on the rotor. The introduction of an external action mechanism complicates the design and is more suitable for precision rotary wind turbines with three degrees of freedom, in which the working movement of the wind wheel is carried out due to gyroscopic forces rather than Magnus forces.

For rotor wind turbines with three degrees of freedom and a vertical arrangement of the main shaft, the main working movement is due to precession forces, and it is associated with the angular speed of rotation of the rotor-flywheel, which varies depending on the speed of the air flow incident on the self-rotating rotor and may not be optimal for rotor precession, especially at low free flow speeds.

The rotor developed at the Göttingen Laboratory in Germany in 1923 is known, in which the electric motor is located inside the rotor, the stator of the motor is coupled to the rotor, and the rotor of the electric motor is rotated, and the rotor and stator of the electric motor can rotate around a common axis independently of each other (L. Prandtl, The Magnus Effect and a Windship, Translated from German, Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, TV, Issue 1-2, 1925, pp. 1-27).

However, the rotors of the Göttingen Laboratory are not self-rotating and require an external drive and the use of special original designs of electric motors of small external diameter with simultaneous, independent of each other rotation of the rotor and stator and an original way of fixing the electric motor inside the rotor.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a rotor blade with a changing angular momentum to increase the durability of the impeller by reducing the vibration of the blade and creating optimal conditions for using both aerodynamic and gyroscopic effects in rotor wind turbines with two and three degrees of freedom of the rotors.

The technical result consists in increasing the durability, reliability and improving the traction characteristics of the rotor blades, which are part of the wind turbines with two and three degrees of freedom of the rotors, which use the Magnus effect, the precession effect, and the combination of the Magnus effect with the precession effect for their movement.

The problem is achieved in that the rotor blade with a changing angular momentum, according to the solution, contains a self-rotating rotor located on an axis on which at least one flywheel is located, providing a change in the angular momentum of the rotor-flywheel system relative to the axis of rotation and kinematically coupled to the rotor.

The axis of the rotor and the flywheel can be made with the possibility of rigid fastening to the working shaft of the wind turbine, while the kinematic connection ensures the rotation of the flywheel and the rotor in opposite directions to each other, and the angular momentum of the flywheel and rotor relative to the common axis of rotation is 0.

The axis of the rotor and the flywheel are connected to the sole, which has the ability to change its position relative to the working shaft of the wind turbine, while the kinematic connection ensures the rotation of the flywheel and the rotor in one direction at different speeds.

Kinematic communication can be carried out by means of a belt drive, providing rotation of the flywheel and the rotor in opposite directions to each other or of a gear transmission.

The rotor blade contains a decoupling friction centrifugal clutch located between the self-rotating rotor and the flywheel.

The rotor blade contains a frame of rigidity, bonded to the sole of the blade and which is an additional support point for the axis of the rotor.

The flywheel is located coaxially with the self-rotating rotor, inside it, and is connected to the self-rotating rotor by a transmission mechanism that can change both the direction of rotation of the flywheel and the speed of its rotation.

The rotor blade contains an electric current generator rigidly connected to the self-rotating rotor, and an electric motor electrically connected to the generator and driving the flywheel, rigidly connected to the electric motor.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of a rotor blade for a wind wheel with two degrees of freedom and horizontal arrangement of the working shaft and belt transmission of torque from a self-rotating rotor to a flywheel (side view); figure 2 shows the design of the blade, similar to the previous one, but the drive from the rotor to the flywheel is carried out by gear (gear) transmission; figure 3 shows the design of the blade, similar to that shown in figure 2, but the centrifugal friction clutch and the stiffness frame are included in the design of the blade; figure 4 shows the design of the blade, in which the rotor is rigidly connected with an electric generator that generates electricity to rotate the electric motor that rotates the flywheel; figure 5 presents the design of the blade, in which the blade and the flywheel are a coaxial design, and the flywheel is located inside the blade, where

1 - axis of the rotor;

2 - self-rotating rotor;

3 - a leading pulley;

4 - driven pulley;

5 - flywheel;

6 - the sole of the blade;

7 - an axis of intermediate pulleys;

8 - the first intermediate pulley;

9 - the second intermediate pulley;

10 - pinion gear;

11 - spurious gear;

12 - the first intermediate gear;

13 - the second intermediate gear;

14 - the axis of the intermediate gears;

15 - driven gear;

16 - friction centrifugal clutch;

17 - stiffness frame;

18 - electric generator;

19 - an electric motor;

20 - cowling.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a rotor blade for a wind wheel with two degrees of freedom and horizontal arrangement of the working shaft and belt transmission of torque from a self-rotating rotor 2 to the flywheel (side view). On the sole 6, with the help of which the blade is rigidly fixed to the boss of the working shaft, the axis of the rotor 1 is rigidly fixed, on which the rotor freely rotates, for example, the Savonius rotor, Gorlov’s turbine or any other rotor 2, self-rotating from the incoming air stream, and the leading rotor 2 is rigidly fixed direct belt pulley 3 transmitting rotation to the first intermediate pulley 8 and the second intermediate pulley 9 rigidly connected to it, freely rotating on the axis of the intermediate pulleys 7, rigidly connected to the sole of the blade 6. The second prom weft pulley 9 is associated with the cross-belt transmission the driven pulley 4, is rigidly connected to the flywheel 5, rotating around the axis of the rotor 1.

Figure 2 shows the design of the blade, similar to the previous one, but the drive from the rotor 2 to the flywheel 5 is a gear transmission consisting of a pinion gear 9, rigidly connected to the rotor, a parasitic gear 10 and rigidly interconnected first intermediate gear 12, the second intermediate gear 13 and driven gear 15, rigidly connected to the flywheel 5.

Figure 3 shows the design of the blade, similar to that shown in figure 2, but the centrifugal friction clutch 16, located between the rotor 2 and the drive gear 9, is included in the blade structure, and the axis of the blade - the axis of the rotors 1 and the axis of the intermediate gears 14 have additional support points due to the introduction of a frame of rigidity 17, rigidly connected to the sole of the blade 6.

Figure 4 shows the design of the blade, in which the self-rotating rotor 2 is rigidly connected to the electric generator 18, the energy from which, through an electronic control unit, not shown in the figure, is transmitted to the electric motor 19, rigidly connected to the flywheel 5. The electronic control unit allows you to set how the direction of rotation of the flywheel, and its speed, which allows you to use this design of the blade for any type of rotary wind turbine with both two and three degrees of freedom, both horizontal and vertical l location of the working shaft.

Figure 5 shows the blade of a rotor wind turbine with three degrees of freedom of the rotors and the vertical location of the working shaft, in which the main working movement is due to the precession of the rotors or rotors and flywheels included in the design of the blade around the axis of the working shaft. In this design, the self-rotating rotor 2 and flywheel 5 represent a coaxial design. Flywheel 5 is rigidly fastened to the axis of the rotor 1 and driven gear 15, the axis 1 freely rotating at one end in the bearings of the base of the blade 6 and the other end in the bearings of the stiffness frame 17. The rotor 2 rotates in bearings of one type or another around the flywheel 5, which in this case, it is the axis for the rotor 2. The drive gear 10 is connected to the rotor 2. The drive gear 10 is connected through a system of first gears 12 and second 13 of the gears rigidly interconnected, which rotate freely on the axis of the gears 14.

When using the blades in wind turbines with three degrees of freedom of the rotors and the vertical arrangement of the working shaft, it is necessary to change the direction of rotation of the flywheel, giving it the direction of rotation of the rotor. To do this, the cross belt drive is replaced with a direct one, and in the gear transmission, spurious gears are excluded. In the case of electric transmission, a change in the direction of rotation is carried out by the electronic unit.

Parts restricting axial movement of rotors, flywheels and pulleys are excluded from the figures for simplicity.

In the figures, transmission details are depicted on an exaggeratedly large scale.

All parts of the gears can be closed by cowls-fairings 20, attached to the sole of the rotor and the frame of rigidity.

The gear ratio in all drives is selected taking into account the optimal use of the Magnus effects used in the wind wheel, gyroscopic effect, or a combination thereof.

A rotor blade for a wind wheel with two degrees of freedom and a horizontal arrangement of the working shaft and belt transmission of torque from a self-rotating rotor to a flywheel (Fig. 1) works as follows.

The blade is oriented to the wind when the wind direction is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotors 1. The incoming wind stream spins the self-rotating rotor 2, which through the drive pulley 3, through a direct belt drive transmits rotation to the first intermediate pulley 8, the second intermediate pulley 9 is rigidly connected with it, the latter through the cross gear transmits the rotation to the driven pulley 4, rigidly connected with the flywheel 5, which starts to rotate in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the self-rotating rotor 2. Moreover, it is transmitted Noe ratio chosen so that the moment of motion of the rotor 2 and the flywheel 5 relative to their common axis of rotation is zero.

Similarly to the above, the blade of FIG. 2 also works. The only difference is that the torque from the rotor 2 to the flywheel 5 is carried out by a gear transmission, consisting of a drive gear 10, rigidly fastened with a self-rotating rotor 2, a parasitic gear 10, intermediate gears 12 and 13 and a driven gear 15, rigidly fastened to the flywheel.

The rotor blade of figure 3 works as follows.

The blade is oriented to the wind when the wind direction is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor 1. In the initial position, the self-rotating rotor 2 and the flywheel 5 are disconnected from each other due to the friction centrifugal clutch 16. When the wind speed reaches the design speed, it turns on the friction centrifugal clutch 16 and through the pinion gear 10 , spurious gear 11, intermediate gears first 12 and second 13, as well as driven gear 15 drives the flywheel 5. The flywheel 5 starts to rotate around the axis of the rotor 1 in the opposite direction eniyu the rotor 2 side with an angular velocity determined by the gear ratio at which the total angular momentum of all rotating around the axis of the rotor parts 1 will be zero.

The rotor blade of FIG. 4 operates as follows.

The air flow incident on the rotor 2 spins the self-rotating Savonius rotor and an electric generator 18 rigidly connected to it, which starts to generate electricity transmitted through the conductors to the electric motor 19, the rotor of which is coupled to the flywheel 5. The speed and direction of rotation of the electric motor and the flywheel are regulated by an electronic unit located between the electric generator 18 and an electric motor 19, so that the total angular momentum of all bodies rotating around the axis coinciding with the axis of the rotor 1 ( aschayuschegosya Savonius rotor 2, a flywheel 5 and the rotor, within the structure 18 and the electric motor 19) is zero, the conductors and the electronic control unit 4, for simplicity, are not shown.

The rotor blade of FIG. 5 operates as follows.

The blade, which is part of the wind wheel, parallel to the plane of the earth, and the air flow is directed vertically upward. The air flow spins the rotor 2 around the axis of the rotors 1. The torque from the untwisted rotor 2, through a pinion gear 10 which is rigidly connected with it, is transmitted through the intermediate gears 12 and 13, rigidly connected to each other and freely rotating around the axis of the intermediate gears 14 to the pinion gear 15 rigidly attached to the flywheel 5, which in turn is rigidly connected to the axis of the rotors 1, freely rotating in the bearings of the sole 6 and the stiffener 17, thus, the flywheel 5 begins to rotate in the same direction as the rotor 2, but on the other, angularly a rate depending on the transmission gear ratio determined by the condition of optimal requirements for precession speed propeller.

When the rotors and flywheels rotate in different directions, the blades are used in wind turbines with a horizontal arrangement of the impeller and a vertical arrangement of the plane of the impeller, with rotors having two degrees of freedom.

When the rotors and flywheels rotate in the same direction, but with different speeds, the blades are used in precessing wind turbines with a vertical arrangement of the impeller and a horizontal arrangement of the plane of rotation of the impeller.

The transition from one direction of rotation of the flywheels with respect to the rotors to the opposite is carried out by a change in the design of a particular gear, for example, in a rotor blade, the cross gear belt is simply replaced by a direct gear belt.

The claimed technical result is achieved, on the one hand, by reducing the vibration of the rotors and, on the other hand, creating optimal conditions for the operation of precessing wind turbines.

Claims (5)

1. A rotor blade with a changing angular momentum, characterized in that it contains a self-rotating rotor located on an axis on which at least one flywheel is located, kinematically connected with the rotor, and the kinematic connection of the flywheel and rotor is made with the possibility of changing the moment of momentum of the rotor-flywheel system relative to the axis of rotation. 2. The rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a disconnecting rotor and a flywheel friction centrifugal clutch. 3. The rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the rotor and flywheel is connected to the sole, having the ability to change its position relative to the working shaft of the wind turbine, and a stiffness frame is introduced, fastened to the sole of the blade, and which is an additional support point for the rotor axis. 4. The rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the flywheel is located coaxially with the self-rotating rotor inside it and is connected to the self-rotating rotor by a transmission mechanism that can change both the direction of rotation of the flywheel and its speed of rotation. 5. The rotor blade according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an electric current generator rigidly connected to the self-rotating rotor and an electric motor electrically connected to the generator and driving the flywheel, rigidly connected to the electric motor.

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