RU2449161C2 - Device to produce combustible mixture for heat engines vimt-3 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: device to produce a combustible mixture for heat engines comprises a control system, an air filter, a system of combustion products composition sensors, a supercharging system, a control gate, a system of liquid fuel supply, inlet and outlet headers. The device is equipped with a separation chamber connected along air flow with the supercharging system, an additional control gate installed in the separation chamber to separate incoming flow, two heating chambers, which along heating channels are connected to an outlet header via control devices and which are installed at outlet pipelines of the separation chamber, an enrichment chamber installed at the outlet from one heating chamber equipped with a capillary structure and connected to the system of liquid fuel supply, a chamber of combustible mixture mixing (depletion), where the enriched combustible mixture arrives and the second part of air flow, and which is connected with an inlet header of the engine by a pipeline, in which there is a control gate, a system of combustion products composition sensors installed in a pipeline that connects the outlet header with heating chambers. Control of positions of the additional gate and control devices is carried out automatically by a control system by position of a controlled gate and along feedback with a system of combustion products composition sensors by content of environmentally hazardous products.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to save fuel depending on engine operation mode, to increase engine capacity due to ideal homogeneity of the produced combustible mixture with monodispersity of fuel particles size.

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Description

The invention relates to systems for producing gas mixtures of various substances and can be used in heat engines to obtain a combustible mixture.

The invention is called the VIMT-3 device by the abbreviation of the first authors, since it is supposed to obtain another 5-6 patents on this topic.

One of the main sources of environmental pollution is the harmful emissions of thermal engines of vehicles, the total productivity of which for carcinogens exceeds several times their productivity in thermal power plants. This provision corresponds to the case if all traffic flow engines fit into the permissible norms of normal operation of heat engines. If we take into account that a sufficiently large number of vehicle engines are operated in difficult to control modes with an unacceptably high content of carcinogens, then the degree of environmental hazard of traffic flows increases several times more. Therefore, the solution of the global problem of improving the environmental safety of heat engines of traffic flows requires emergency measures. Therefore, all developments related to increasing the environmental safety of heat engines are relevant and timely.

A device for producing a combustible mixture for heat engines is known, comprising a shutter, a liquid fuel evaporation chamber, a liquid fuel supply system and an intake manifold, as described in [1].

In this device, liquid fuel is supplied through an electromagnetic nozzle to the walls of a surface evaporator. During the evaporation of liquid fuel, carbon deposits are formed on the surface of the evaporator due to the burning of tar (heavy fractions) contained in liquid fuel, which increases the thermal resistance at the interface between the surface of the evaporator’s heat supply and liquid fuel. This ultimately leads to an increase in the surface temperature of the evaporator and, accordingly, to an increase in the rate of formation of carbon deposits and a deterioration in the process of evaporation of liquid fuel. In addition, in the evaporator there are breakdowns of aerosol droplets of liquid from the fuel surface by the incoming air stream. This leads to the formation of a combustible mixture with fuel particles of different sizes. In this case, the combustion of fuel occurs at a long stroke of the piston, thereby reducing the power and efficiency of the engine and increasing the degree of its environmental hazard.

Partially indicated drawbacks are deprived of a device containing a gas-gas generator (BGS), which is installed in addition to the main power system (carburetor, injection system), connected to the intake manifold in parallel, forming a single complex. BGGS supplies the optimal composition of gas to the throttle space of the intake manifold of the engine. Benzogas is supplied into the throttle space both at low and high loads with the carburetor turned off. At high loads, the main power system (carburetor, injection system) is connected to the BGGS, which supplies the engine with an additional gasoline carbureted mixture. The total composition of the mixtures is regulated by the control unit BGGS according to the algorithm stored in its memory, which ensures the minimum values of specific fuel consumption to minimize the contents of CO, CH and NO ~ (carcinogenic substances) in all modes. The moment of connecting the main system to the BGS is selected empirically after opening the BGS throttle by 50%, as described in [2].

The disadvantages of this device (taken as a prototype for the maximum match in the composition of the nodes and their functional features) are: insufficient performance of the BGS, since at high loads a well-known carburing system is connected to this system with all its inherent disadvantages. These shortcomings ultimately lead to incomplete oxidation of the fuel and, consequently, to an increase in the degree of environmental hazard of heat engines running on liquid fuel.

The present invention is deprived of these drawbacks - a device for producing a combustible mixture for heat engines, comprising a control system, an air filter, a system of sensors for the composition of the combustion products, a pressurization system, a regulating damper, a liquid fuel supply system, an intake and exhaust manifolds, characterized in that it is provided a separation chamber connected at the inlet of the air flow to the boost system, an additional adjustable damper installed in the separation chamber to separate the incoming flow, two heating chambers that are connected through the heating channels to the exhaust manifold through control devices and which are installed on the output pipelines of the separation chamber, an enrichment chamber installed at the outlet of one heating chamber, equipped with a capillary structure and connected to the liquid fuel supply system, a mixing chamber (depletion) of the combustible mixture into which the enriched combustible mixture and the second part of the air flow enter and which is connected to the inlet manifold of the engine For the pipeline in which the control damper is installed, a system of sensors for the composition of the combustion products installed in the pipeline connecting the output manifold to the heating chambers, and the position of the additional damper and control devices is controlled automatically by the control system by the position of the adjustable damper and by feedback from the composition sensor system combustion products for the content of environmentally hazardous products.

To clarify the essence of the invention is a schematic drawing.

The air filter is connected by a pipe with a boost system 1 with an air filter, which is connected via a pipe to a separation chamber 2, with an additional shutter 3. Two-flow heating chambers 4 and 4 'are installed on the output pipelines of the separation chamber, which are connected to the exhaust manifold via heating channels ( not shown on the diagram) through control devices 5 and 5 ', and the outputs of the dual-flow heating chambers 4 and 4' through the exhaust gas channels are connected to the exhaust system of the combustion products (not shown ana). One of the air flows after the heating chamber 4 enters the enrichment chamber 6, equipped with a capillary structure and connected to the fuel supply system 7. The resulting enriched combustible mixture with the second part of the air flow enters the mixing chamber - depletion 8. A shutter is installed in the outlet pipe of the mixing chamber 8 9, associated with a gas pedal. Further, the combustible mixture is fed into the engine intake manifold (not shown in the figure). The control of the pressurization system 1, the additional damper 3 and the regulating devices 5 and 5 'of the fuel supply system 7 is carried out by the control system 10 with feedback on the composition of the exhaust gases through a system of sensors 11 installed at the output of the exhaust manifold.

Passing through the boost system 1 with an air filter, the flow of oxidizer - air is cleaned. Then, the air flow enters the separation chamber 2 and the additional damper 3 is divided into two parts depending on the engine operating mode, and the required operating mode is set by the driver-operator by adjusting the gas pedal associated with the damper 9. One of the flows is heated in the heating chamber 4 to the corresponding temperature, set automatically by changing the flow rate of the combustion products through the channel of the chamber using a control device 5, and then enters the enrichment chamber 6. This chamber is equipped with a capillary a structure connected to a liquid fuel supply system 7.

In the enrichment chamber 6, intense evaporation of liquid fuel occurs due to the creation of a condition for the evaporation of liquid into the medium — air with zero vapor concentration. This condition is realized due to the complete ablation of the generated fuel vapor by the flow of incoming air. The evaporation rate of liquid fuel is also increased due to its heating by a hot stream of incoming air and a large evaporation surface of the capillary structure impregnated with liquid fuel. A uniform film thickness of liquid fuel is ensured by the action of capillary forces. The resulting enriched combustible mixture enters the mixing chamber - depletion 8 along with another part of the air stream heated by the heating chamber 4 'due to a change in the flow rate of exhaust gases through it. The exhaust gas flow through this chamber is controlled by a 5 'device. The engine operating mode is set by the driver-operator by changing the position of the shutter 9, changing the pressure of the foot on the gas pedal. Automatic adjustment of the positions of the additional damper 3 and control devices 5 and 5 'is carried out by the automation system 10 in feedback with the sensors 11 and 11' according to the number of harmful emissions in the exhaust gases. Sensors 11 and 11 'are installed at the outlet of the combustion products from the exhaust manifold. The flow rate of the incoming air flow is regulated by the boost system 1 through the automation system 10 with feedback with the position of the shutter 9 and sensors 11 and 11 '.

The positive effect of the invention - the VIMT-3 device is to save fuel by at least 20%, depending on the engine operating mode. Engine power is increased by at least 20% due to the ideal homogeneity of the resulting combustible mixture with monodisperse particle size of the fuel. In this case, the particle sizes of the fuel are at the molecular level. This provides a minimum time of combustion of all fuel particles at a speed level corresponding to the detonation mode, which is the same combustion of all fuel particles in a minimum piston stroke. By minimizing the burning time of all fuel particles, the maximum pressure on the piston is ensured. Increased pressure on the piston leads to an increase in engine power and fuel economy. A partial increase in engine power is also achieved due to the regeneration of the heat of exhaust gases, thereby eliminating the removal of part of the heat of combustion of the fuel to the process of its evaporation during the stroke of the piston. For the remaining time of the piston stroke, processes of further oxidation of the combustion products to the degree of their environmental safety proceed. Environmental safety in the proposed device is still enhanced due to the increase in the degree of depletion of the mixture. Since in the proposed device, while minimizing the burning time of the fuel, the pressure in the cylinder increases, and therefore, the pressure force on the piston also increases. To ensure that the pressure in the cylinder does not exceed the permissible value for this type of engine, it is necessary to reduce the fuel supply. The operation of the engine in detonation mode is eliminated by reducing the degree of enrichment of the combustible mixture. These processes ensure the achievement of a positive effect, namely fuel economy, power growth and complete oxidation of the fuel to a state of environmental safety.

The test results of the proposed device mounted on the engine of a GAZ 2705 car showed that fuel economy is at least 20%, an increase in power of more than 20% and an increase in the degree of safety of exhaust gases by at least 20%.

Information sources

1. Sviridov Yu.B. et al. Power system for internal combustion engines. RF patent No. 2036326 (terminated). IPC F02M 31/00, 05/27/1995

2. Sviridov Yu.B. etc. A molecular mixing system for working together with standard fuel equipment without changing the design of the engine. RF patent №2200867. IPC F02M 31/18, 03.20.2003.

Claims (1)

A device for producing a combustible mixture for heat engines, comprising a control system, an air filter, a system of sensors for the composition of the combustion products, a pressurization system, a regulating damper, a liquid fuel supply system, an intake and exhaust manifold, characterized in that it is provided with a separation chamber connected at the air inlet flow with an inflation system, an additional adjustable damper installed in the separation chamber to separate the incoming stream, two heating chambers, which heating units are connected to the exhaust manifold through control devices and which are installed on the outlet pipelines of the separation chamber, an enrichment chamber installed at the outlet of one heating chamber, equipped with a capillary structure and connected to a liquid fuel supply system, a mixing (depletion) chamber of the combustible mixture into which enriched combustible mixture and the second part of the air flow and which is connected to the inlet manifold of the engine by a pipeline in which the control damper is installed a, by a system of sensors for the composition of combustion products installed in the pipeline connecting the output manifold to the heating chambers, moreover, the regulation of the positions of the additional damper and control devices is carried out automatically by the control system for the position of the adjustable damper and in feedback from the system of sensors for the composition of the combustion products according to the content of environmentally hazardous products .

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